Функції підрядних сполучників у реченні

Приєднують підметові підрядні речення (subject clauses)	That spring comes after winteris a fact. Або: It is a fact that spring comes after winter. – Те, що весна приходить після зими, це факт
Приєднують присудкові підрядні речення (predicative clauses)	It seems as if nothing has changed.– Таке враження, що ніби нічого не змінилось
Приєднують додаткові речення (object clauses)	Time will show if (whether) I am right.– Час покаже, чи правий я
Приєднують підрядні речення обставин (adverbial clauses):   підрядні часу   підрядні місця   підрядні способу дії   підрядні порівняння     підрядні причини   підрядні мети і наслідку     підрядні поступальні   підрядні умови	Have a cup of tea before you leave. – Випий чашку чаю перед тим, як підеш. I hid it where nobody can find it. – Я сховав його там, де ніхто не знайде. He did everything as he was told.– Він робив увсе так, як йому казали. We went as fast as we could.– Ми йшли так швидко, як тільки могли. He took a taxi because it was a long way.– Він взяв таксі, тому що його шлях був далекий. He gave me a lift so that I wouldn’t miss the train.– Він підвіз мене, щоб я не запізнився на поїзд. The traffic was so heavy that he missed his train.– Вулиці були так перегружені машинами, що він запізнився на свій поїзд. Although they drove fast, he missed the train. – Хоч вони їхали швидко, він запізнився на поїзд. If you drive faster,we’ll get there in time. – Якщо поїдеш швидше, ми дістанемося туди вчасно. We’ll miss the train unless you drive faster. – Ми спізнимося на поїзд, якщо ти не поїдеш швидше

1 Rewrite the following sentences, using the correct conjunctions in the brackets:

1 The athlete is young (but, and, yet) energetic. 2 "Coffee (and, either, or) tea, Sir ?" the air-hostess asked. 3 He tripped over the stool (lest, while, for) the room was in total darkness. 4 (If, Unless, So that) you pass this examination, you will be offered a place in Form Six. 5 (Lest, In order that, Even if) the dog did not run off, the boys tied it to the fence. 6 The students were tearful at the ceremony (and, while, because) their teacher was leaving. 7 All the rooms look spick and span. They have been (neither, both, not only) swept and mopped. 8 It has threatened to rain all afternoon (for, but, lest) till now, there has not been a single drop! 9 (Though, Even if, So) the current was strong, the man managed to save the drowning child. 10 Aaron has been waiting at the railway station (as, for, since) six this morning. 11 For a moment Mr. Liang could not remember (wherever, where, that) he had parked his car. 12 When I saw her, she had been crying for some time, (so that, because, so) her eyes were red and puffy. 13 Father can give us a ride to the shopping center (also, yet, as well as) drop Mother off at the hairdresser's. 14 She is (yet, still, but) angry with you. (Although, Even if, Or else) you try being nice to her now, she will not speak to you. 15 We were (either, so, both) pleased about our team's victory (and, or, that) we went out (and, also, so) celebrated the occasion.

2 Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions given below. Use each conjunction only once:

and as well as not only ... but also

besides in addition to both ... and

1… reading, she likes listening to music. 2 Her father bought her a car for her birthday. … he also gave her some jewelry. 3 She is taking up law … English at Victoria University. 4… Ali Baba … Kasim Baba became rich after they found the hidden treasure. 5 He has just bought a book … some pencils. 6 Henry is … kind … generous.

3 Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions given below. Use each conjunction only once:

like as if as

but yet although

1 He has been doing the same job for a couple of years … he is still not good at it. 2 He ran … the devil was chasing him. 3 We can do as requested … we are not taking any responsibility if anything goes wrong. 4 … he is the first to complete the test, he did not get the highest mark. 5 He behaved … a child during the meeting. 6 There are as many snakes in Zambia … there are in Sudan.

4 Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions given below. Use each conjunction only once:

while when as

because since for

1 She stole the money … her brother needs to pay his school fees. 2 … we were in New Zealand, we visited many orchards. 3 … I am on leave tomorrow, there will be no English lesson. 4 He came home dripping wet … it was raining heavily at school. 5 … I was passing his house, I heard a loud scream. 6 … the teacher was busy writing on the board, the students at the back of the class were talking rather loudly.

5 Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions given below. Use each conjunction only once:

or neither either ... or

nor neither ... nor instead of

1 We can watch … "The Dark Angel" … "Die Hard 2" tonight. 2 Have you met Albert … his wife Susie ". 3 He ended up playing squash … tennis. 4 … of the two boys admitted to breaking the vase. 5 Silva could … read … write. 6 Aimee did not pass her test … did Robert.

6 Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions given below. Use each conjunction only once:

as a result consequently unless

in my opinion therefore to conclude

1 … her mother buys her some toys, she will definitely not move away from there. 2 The referee was too lenient … two players were badly injured in the game. 3 The boy, … , should have run out of the house when he first saw the smoke coming out from the kitchen. 4 He smoked too much. I am not surprised that he … died from lung cancer. 5 They couldn't find any stream to get fresh water, ... they had to dig to get underground water. 6 …, we must all work together to ensure that everything will work out as planned.

7 Choose the right alternative:

1 I'll try to be on time but don't worry if/when I'm late. 2 Don't throw that bag away. If/When you don't want it. I'll have it. 3 Please report to reception if/when you arrive at the hotel. 4 We've arranged to play tennis tomorrow but we won't play if/when it's raining. 5 Jennifer is in her final year at school. She still doesn't know what she's going to do if/when she leaves. 6 What would you do if/when you lost your keys? 7 I hope I'll be able to come to the party but I'll let you know if/unless I can't. 8 I don't want to be disturbed, so don't phone me if/unless it's something important. 9 Please sign the contract if/unless you're happy with the conditions. 10 I like traveling by sea as long as/unless it's not rough. 11 You might not remember the name of the hotel, so write it down if/in case if you forget it. 12 It's not cold now but take your coat with you if/in case it gets cold later. 13 Take your coat with you and then you can put it on if/in case it gets cold later. 14 The television is always on, even if/if nobody is watching it. 15 Even/Although we played very well, we lost the match. 16 We're not very close friends despite/although we've known each other a long time. 17 “When did you leave school?” “As/When I was 16.” 18 Ann will be surprised when/as she hears the news.

8 Fill in the blanks with the correct conjunctions:

1 I did it … he asked me to do it. 2 He passed the examination … he had been prevented by illness from studying. 3 It is strange … it is true. 4 He is hardworking … not very intelligent. 5 I saw him … he was getting off the bus. 6 It is just a week … we arrived here. 7 Work hard … you will pass. 8 Even … he did say that, I am sure he did not intend to hurt your feelings. 9 They cost a lot of money, … use them carefully. 10 I will see to it … everything is ready. 11 Will you advise me … to accept the offer or not? 12 He tried … he succeeded. 13 Please wait … I call. 14 We shall go … we are forbidden. 15 I asked her to stay for tea … I had something to tell her. 16 Do it now … you forget. 17 Are you coming … not? 18 Not a flower … even a blade of grass will grow in this desert. 19 Let us wait … the rain stops. 20 I arrived … you left. 21 There was a time, and not so long ago …, when I would walk ten kilometers a day. 22 He … knows … cares what happened. 23 He worked very hard … he did not get a scholarship. 24 I did not give up my walk … the rain was falling. 25 You will be ignorant … you do not read. 26 You will be ignorant … you read. 27 You are ignorant … you have not studied. 28 You should read widely … you should be ignorant. 29 He was very humble … his rank was high. 30 I am an honest lad … I am poor. 31 The earth seemed to shake … he fell.

9 Join the following sentences using suitable conjunctions. You may make changes where necessary but do not change the meaning of the sentence:

1 The doctors did their best. The patient died. 2 He was very pleased with himself. He had won first prize in the competition. 3 I shouted for help as loudly as I could. No one heard me. 4 You must come early. We will have time to make all the arrangements. 5 She was ill. She did not go to the office. She went to see a doctor. 6 He did not want to go home. He was in disgrace. He had done something very wrong. 7 You must hurry up. You will be late for school. You will be reprimanded by the discipline master. 8 He was offered a bribe of ten thousand dollars. He did not take it. He was a man of high principles. 9 That teacher is strict. The students like him. He has been teaching at the university for a long time. 10 She reads fast. I can never read so fast. 11 You must water those plants. They will wither. They will die. 12 He finished reading the letter. He felt very angry. He burnt the letter. 13 Mr. Jackson was very happy. He had won first prize in the lottery. He hadn't received his money yet. He gave his friends a big dinner. 14 The children begged us to follow them. They wanted to show us something. We refused to go with them. We were too busy. 15 The woman is very old. She is strong. She talks to herself. she has no one to talk to.

10 Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions:

1 … I was too ill to go, she offered to go in my place. 2 … we last saw him, he was in good health. …, it is a shock to hear of his death. 3 He could not go … he was ill … the doctor had advised him to stay in bed. 4 He must train very hard … he will lose the competition. 5 The teacher punished the boy … he misbehaved. 6 You had better hand in your work on time … you will be in trouble. 7 … I don't usually like spicy food, I enjoyed the chicken curry your mother made. 8 We will not pay for the food .. it was not what we ordered. 9 She said that she can't come … she has a lot of work to do. 10 He was very wealthy, … he was also one of the most miserly men I had ever known. 11 Things were different … I was young. 12 Let us wait here … the rain stops. 13 I saw him leaving an hour … two ago.14 This is an expensive … very useful book. 15 We were getting tired … we stopped for a rest. 16 Walk quickly … you will be late.17 He had to retire … of ill health. 18 Would you like a coffee … tea? 19 I would like to go ... I am too busy. 20 She will die … the doctors operate immediately. 21 The woman had … a great shock … she fainted. 22 … you tell him that, he may not get so angry. 23 The doctor said that I could leave the hospital … the cast was taken off. 24 … he is given some expert help, he will not be able to have a normal life.