Eɪ] -the nucleus of the diphthong is front, mid, unrounded.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus is the vowel [e]. For the glide the tongue moves upward in the direction of [ɪ] and the mouth gets closer. The lips are spread.

Task 1Listen and say the sound (A55).

[eɪ]is spelled:

a (in the open syllable) - age came plane table

ai - rain wait

ay - day play say

ey - grey

ea - break great

eigh - eight weight

Task 2Listen and say these sentences:

1 They came a day later.

2 It was a grey day in May.

3 Is this the way to the station?

4 Wait at the gate! - I'll be there at eight.

Task 3Read and compare:

bat - bet - bade

flat - let - late

shall - shell - shale

pan - pen - pain

man - men - main

[aɪ] -the nucleus of the diphthong is central, open, unrounded.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The sound starts with the advanced vowel [ʌ] with the mouth wide open and the lips neutral. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ɪ], with the mouth very narrowly open and the lips spread and not rounded.

Task 4Listen and say the sound (A56).

[aɪ]is spelled:

i (in the open syllable) - like time white

ie - die

y - dry July why

igh - high night right

uy - buy

Task 5Listen and say these sentences:

1 Do you like dry wine?

2 Why don't you try?

3 July will be fine.

4 Drive on the right.

Task 6Read and compare:

luck - lark - like

cut - cart - kite

hut - heart – height

dun - darn - dine

fun - farm – fine

[ɔɪ] -the nucleus of the diphthong is back, open, slightly rounded.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus lies between the sound [ɔ:] and [ɒ]. It starts with the position between back half-open and open. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ɪ], though the tongue rarely reaches there. The lips are slightly rounded for the nucleus changing to neutral for the glide.

Task 7Listen and say the sound(A57).

[ɔɪ]is usually spelled:

oi - coin point voice

oy - boy enjoy toy

Task 8Listen and say these sentences:

1 I can hear boy’s voice.

2 Those are coins, not toys!

Task 9Read and compare:

John - join all - oil

sol - soil corn - coin

toss - toys ball - boil

pot - point jaw - joy

spot - spoilt pause - poison

Tongue twisters

[ai]

• Ike’s ivy island is icy.
• Mike likes to ride a bike.
• Kyle flies kites high, so high they're out of sight. When a bird flies by, they sigh and wonder why the kite's so high.
• Out of sight, out of mind.

[ei]

· I have got a date at a quarter to eight; I’ll see you at the gate, so don’t be late.

• We weighed the hay, painted the sleigh, played a game, and caught a train before it rained in May.
• Let`s play the game again.
• Take the place in the train to Wales.

[оi]

• Roy and the boys toiled and made noise as they hoisted and joined the joists. They didn't loiter, and they weren't coy.
• The spoilt boy destroyed the toys.
• The noise is annoying.
• Joy is at boiling point.

LESSON 5 Sounds [au], [əu]

[au] -the nucleus of the diphthong is central, open, unrounded

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The starting point of the diphthong is between the back and front open positions. The sound starts with the position slightly more retracted than for the nucleus of the diphthong [aɪ] and more advanced than for the vowel [a:]. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [u], the mouth gets closer. The lips are neutral for the first element and get slightly rounded for the second.

Task 1Listen and say the sound (A64).

[au]is usually spelled:

ow - how now vowel

ou - loud mouth sound

Task 2Listen and say these phrases:

1 a thousand pounds

2 loud vowel sounds

3 round the house

4 Countdown - three, two, one, now!

Task 3Read and compare:

scar - scow - sky are - owl - eye far - found - find raft - row - rye tarn - town - type

darned - downed - dined trance - trout - trite craft - crowd - cried barn - bound - bind mast - mouse – mice

[əu]the nucleus of the diphthong is central, mid, unrounded.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The starting point of the tongue position is similar to that of [ə:]; it starts with a central position, between half-close and half-open. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [u] there being a slight closing movement of the lower jaw. The lips are neutral for the first element and get slightly rounded for the second.

Task 4Listen and say the sound (A63).

[əu]is spelled:

o - no cold post close drove home phone

ow - know low show slow

oa - boat

oe - toe

Task 5Listen and say these sentences:

1 I don't know.

2 My toes are cold.

3 She phoned me in October.

4 They showed us their home.

Task 6Read and compare:

loss - close not - note mop - mope cod - code nod - node

caught - coat bought - boat ball - bowl hall - hole called - cold

burn - bone fern - phone Bert - boat work - woke flirt - float

glade - glide - globe grape - ripe - rope stale - style - stole raze - rise - rose tape - type - trope

Tongue twisters

[au]

· Our owl in the outfield is an outcast.

• Clowns around town never frown even when they're down. Want to be a clown around town? Then never sound down and never frown.
• Out of sight, out of mind.
• What have you found out about it?

[3u]

· Opie owns an old oak oboe.

• If a big old toad jumps on the boat as we row across the moat, the boat won't float. So don't row close to the big old toads as you row across the moat, and the boat will float.
• Soams never boasts of what he knows,

But Rose never knows of what she boasts.

• Nobody knows how lonely the road is.

LESSON 6 Sounds [ɪə], [εə], [uə]

[ɪə]- the nucleus of the diphthong is the front-retracted, close, unrounded.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus is the vowel [ɪ]. For the glide the tongue moves in the direction of the neutral vowel [ə]. The lips are slightly spread for the nucleus and are neutral for the glide.

Task 1Listen and say the sound (A48).

[ɪə]is spelled:

ea - real

ear - ear beard clear hear nearly year

eer - beer cheers ere here we're

Task 2Listen and say these sentences:

1 We're here!

2 Have a beer - cheers!

3 Is there a bank near here?

4 The meaning isn't really clear.

Task 3Read and compare:

her - here merge - mere serve - sere germ - sphere

merry - merely ferry - fearing error - earing terror - steering

meat - near clean - clear bean - beer feast - fear

[εə] -the nucleus of the diphthong is front, open, unrounded.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus of this diphthong is a vowel between [e] and [æ]. The tongue is in the half-open front position. For the glide the tongue moves in the direction of the neutral sound [ə]. The lips are neutral.

Task 4Listen and say the sound (A49).

[εə]is spelled:

are - care square

air - air chair fair hair stair

ear - wear

ere - where

aer - aeroplane

Task 5Listen and say these sentences:

A: Look at that aeroplane! B: Where?

A: Up there, in the air, of course!

Task 6Read and compare:

car - care star - stare bar - bare dark - dare

mate - mare fail - fair state - stare rare - rarely

ear - air beer - bear hear - hair dear - dare

[uə]- the nucleus of the diphthong is back-advanced, close, slightly rounded.

Articulation: The nucleus of the diphthong is the vowel [u]. For the glide the tongue moves towards the neutral sound [ə], the mouth gets more open. The lips are slightly rounded and get neutral as the mouth opens for [ə].

Task 7Listen and say the sound:

[uə]is spelled:

u - cure furious

oor - poor moor

our - tour tourist

ue - cruel fluent

ewer - fewer

uer - truer

Task 8Listen and say these sentences:

1 It's a usual cure for a cold.

2 Curiosity is incurable.

3 The truer my friends the surer I feel.

4 I'll surely speak more fluently after a tour to Europe.

Task 9Read and compare:

cute - cure rule - poor huge - pure rude - moor	cur - cure urban - rural Turkey - fury purse - poor	turret - truly - pure current - ruler - rural hurry - huger - jury flurry - music - mural

Task 10Read and transcribe the words:

Dare, cute, kid, flame, out, filter, go, ruby, return, troy, fry, splash, unit, hour, show, corner, cut, current, obey, port, copy, ship, note, subject, sea, bar, fleet, fish, mob, ocean, report, flute, fireman, taboo, mince, jar, god, type, new, stir, moon, Jack, square, repeat, hire, clue, pock, museum, joint, dear.

Tongue twisters

[iə]

· The meaning isn't really clear.

• I have these ears a hundred years.
• The theatre and museum is near here.
• Come here my dear.

[εə]

· Mary shared the pears with Clair.

• Mary takes care of her hair.
• I dare swear.
• Where are their parents?

[uə]

· I`m sure it`s a pure fuel.

• Not all the tourists will endure to the end surely.
• The truer my friends the surer I feel.
• Curiosity is incurable.

SECTION 3. CONSONANTS