Task VII. Look through the text and find the equivalents or synonyms of the following words and word combinations. Say in what connection they are mentioned in the text.
1. to manufacture (3)
2. employees (1)
3. to displace (1)
4. sector (1)
5. to meet the needs (2)
6. profitable (1)
7. farming (1)
8. to moderate (1)
9. to have and control fully (1)
10. common, reciprocal (1)
Task VIII. Read the text again and decide whether these statements about the economy of your country are True or False. Make the false expressions sound true:
1. The economy of Belarus has the contribution of approximately 10 million people.
2. Automobile production is the largest branch of the national mechanical engineering industry, which supplies a quarter of the mechanical engineering output.
3. The Republic has large reserves of petroleum and natural gas.
4. Agriculture is the flagship of Belarus’ economic growth, supplying almost a third of the GDP.
5. Agricultural companies, farms and household plots specialize in production of agricultural goods.
6. Farming industry is the leading subsector of the Belarusian agribusiness.
7. 10% of arable land in Belarus is constituted by acid soil which needs constant improvement.
8. Service sector of the Belarusian economy remains underdeveloped.
9. A great amount of goods produced by Belarusian industries and agriculture is oriented towards the EU countries’ markets.
10. The major import items in Belarus are mineral products.
Task IX. Provide questions to which the following statements would be the right answers:
1. In 1991.
2. Minsk Automobile Plant (MAZ trademark) and Belarusian Autoworks.
3. A wide range of sophisticated consumer goods such as TV sets, refrigerators, washing machines, and others.
4. Construction materials and articles.
5. The sewing industry.
6. Over 2,000.
7. Cattle breeding, plant growing.
8. Barley, rye, oats, potatoes.
9. A fairly developed network of automobile, rail, air and pipe communications.
10. Mineral, products, petrochemicals, textiles and textile goods, wood and wood products.
Task X. Check your understanding of specific detail by giving the best continuation to these statements:
1. The economy of the Republic achieves the desirable level of satisfying its needs through …
2. … serve as a pillar of the Belarusian economy.
3. The Government provides a sizable support to industrial enterprises in order to …
4. The national tractor and agricultural machinery engineering can virtually fully …
5. The industrial potential of sophisticated mechanical engineering industries is represented by …
6. The Druzhba oil pipeline is …
7. … started working for a Belarusian-Venezuelian prospecting seismology joint venture SeismoVenBel.
8. Belarus is one of the seven world leading …
9. … are favourable for sugar beet cultivation.
10. … generated 42-43% of the total GDP in the year of 2008.
Task XI. Re-read the text, paying more attention to the detail so as to answer the following questions:
1. Is Belarus one of economically developed countries of the CIS? What factors make it possible?
2. What is the structure of the Belarusian economy?
3. What is a major branch of national economy? Say what you know about its contribution to GDP.
4. What does Belarus manufacture?
5. Why is Belarus reliant on oil and gas supplies from Russia?
6. What subsectors does the Belarusian agribusiness include?
7. What factors make farming difficult in the country?
8. What are the country’s principle exports?
9. What does Belarus import?
10. What are the main trade partners of the Republic of Belarus?
Task XII. Check how well you know the economy of your country by choosing the correct variant from the alternatives below:
1. The … of Belarus is traditionally driving the country’s economic growth.
a. service sector b. agriculture c. industry d. foreign trade
2. What is the most highly developed sector of the economy of Belarus?
a. service industry c. petrochemical industry
b. light industry d. heavy industry
3. Which branch stands second in terms of output in the structure of Belarusian agricultural industry?
a. food processing b. wood processing c. processing d. agrarian
4. The … accounts for the largest share (32.5%) in the Belarusian machine-building complex.
a. instrument-making c. agricultural machine-building
b. optomechanical industry d. motor industry
5. What Belarusian industry features a strong infrastructure and solid growth of freight traffic?
a. machine-building b. petrochemical c. transport d. heavy
6. The main component of the agribusiness sector is the … industry.
a. processing c. petrochemical
b. farming d. agricultural machine-building
7. When did private farms begin to appear in Belarus?
a. in 1992 b. in 1993 c. in 1994 d. in 1995
8. Belarusian agriculture is moving in the direction of creating …
a. agricities b. agrivillages c. agritowns d. all of the above
9. The Belarusian … industry is export-oriented in terms of numerous types of goods: fibreboards, furniture and plywood, sawn timber, wallpaper, matches, etc.
a. lumber industry c.instrument making
b. processing d. construction
10. The share of this city in the total export volume of the Republic of Belarus makes up about 30%.
a. Gomel b. Mogilev c. Grodno d. Minsk
11. 30% of this region’s land area is covered with forests, coniferous forests mainly. South-east of the region is especially woody, more than 50% in certain areas.
a. Mogilev b. Minsk c. Brest d. Grodno
12. What regions in Belarus are the most affected by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster?
a. Gomel and Mogilev c. Gomel and Grodno
b. Brest and Grodno d. Vitebsk and Grodno
13. This town’s core manufacturer is the production association “Belaruskaliy”, which specializes in potash fertilizers production.
a. Zhodzino b. Soligorsk c. Molodechno d. Dzerzhinsk
14. This town is home to one of the largest oil refineries in Belarus, pumping out 18 million metric tons per year.
a. Mozyr b. Polotsk c. Gomel d. Zhodzino
15. The Belarusian tyre works is located in this Belarusian industrial city.
a. Novopolotsk b. Bobruysk c. Baranovichi d. Fanipol
16. Mogilevchimvolokno Public Joint Stock Company and Belshina Public Joint Stock Company, the two largest chemical enterprises, make more than … of the total production output of Mogilev region.
a. 50 % b. 70 % c. 10 % d. 25%
17. In Belarus, … resources are one of the main natural wealth.
a. forest b. coal c. potash d. slate
18. What is country’s most valuable mineral resource, which is used for fuel and fertilizer and in the chemical industry?
a. phosphorite b. peat c. potassium salt d. coal
19. What are the country’s principle crops?
a. wheat and barley c. cattle and hogs
b. potatoes, grains, flax, fruits, vegetables d. fruits and vegetables
20. The fuel and energy industry of Belarus includes … systems for all types of power.
a. mining and transportation c. production
b. storage d. all of the above
21. Nearly … of energy resources used in the economy are imported.
a. 30 % b. 50 % c. 70 % d. 85 %
22. Currently, the industrial potential of the Belarusian energy system consists of … thermal power stations, a number of smaller power stations and hydropower stations.
a. 15 b. 20 c. 34 d. 56
23. When were market oriented reforms initiated in Belarus?
a. 1992 b. 1995 c. 1990 d. 1993
24. When was the currency of Belarus, the Belarusian ruble, first introduced?
a. May, 1992 b. May, 2000 c. May, 1993 d. May, 1995
25. When did the Belarusian ruble become the official currency of the country?
a. 1993 b. 1994 c. 1995 d. 2000
26. What is the largest media holding group in Belarus?
a. privately-owned National Teleradiocompany
b. state-owned National State Teleradiocompany
c. Belarusian Broadcasting Company
d. National TV and Radio Company
27. Belarusian export is mainly oriented towards …
a. Western Europe c. Russia
b. the USA d. the CIS countries’ markets
28. Belarus and … adopted a plan of joint measures to tackle the impacts of the crisis, keep the bilateral trade going and improve environment for businesses.
a. Ukraine b. Poland c. Russia d. the EU
29. Belarus hosts the Foreign Investment Advisory Council, which is headed by … of Belarus.
a. the Prime Minister
b. the President
c. the heads of major international organizations operating in the country
d. the Parliament
30. Belarus is a member of …
a. the International Monetary Fund
b. the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
c. the World Bank
d. all of the above
Task XIII. Translate these sentences into English using the vocabulary of the text:
1. Минск – не только столица, но и крупнейший промышленный центр Беларуси. Здесь выпускается четверть всей промышленной продукции страны.
2. Ведущими отраслями обрабатывающей промышленности являются сельскохозяйственное машиностроение (трактора, самосвалы, комбайны), станкостроение, военно-промышленный комплекс, нефтехимическая промышленность и производство строительных материалов.
3. Калийные соединения, добываемые в шахтах близ Солигорска, обеспечивают крупномасштабное производство химических удобрений. В больших количествах имеются бурый уголь и торф.
4. Беларусь — крупный экспортер грузовых автомобилей (МАЗ, БелАЗ), тракторов (Беларус), дорожно-строительной и коммунальной техники (Амкодор), телевизоров (Горизонт, Витязь), холодильников (Атлант), химических волокон и нитей (Полимир), калийных удобрений (Беларуськалий), продукции текстильной и легкой промышленности.
5. Страна располагает двумя нефтеперерабатывающими заводами, построенными в советские времена, Мозырским и Новополоцким.
6. Освоение производства новых конкурентоспособных товаров, снижение издержек, повышение качества выпускаемой продукции, освоение новых рынков сбыта – приоритетные задачи государства.
7. Главные сельскохозяйственные районы расположены в центре республики и на юго-восточной равнине, но радиоактивное загрязнение в результате Чернобыльской аварии на 40-50% уменьшило площади возделываемых земель и поголовье домашнего скота в этих районах.
8. Предприятия лесной промышленности размещены преимущественно на севере и юго-западе.
9. Железные дороги и автомобильный транспорт – главные виды транспортного сообщения в стране.
10. Ценные бумаги – термин, охватывающий широкий диапазон финансовых активов. В Республике Беларусь к их числу относятся государственные ценные бумаги, векселя, акции и облигации акционерных обществ и компаний.
C. Follow-up Activities
Task XIV. Share your opinions on the following:
1. In what way do the geographical position and physical features of the Republic of Belarus influence the development of the economy?
2. What factors have contributed to Belarus’ debut among the TOP-10 reformers according to the World Bank’s “Doing Business – 2009” report?
3. Comment on the Republic’s membership in different international financial organisations.
4. Think of the reasons why Belarus has the capacity to become a bridgehead for foreign investors seeking to conquer new and promising markets throughout the CIS.
5. Comment on the economic problems Belarus is currently facing.
D. Optional Reading