Что такое эссе «за и против»?
Что такое эссе «за и против»?
Эссе «за и против» (Argumentative Essay or For and Against Essay) - это особый вид эссе, в котором представлена не только информация по данному вопросу, но и аргументация «за» (в подтверждение/доказательство данного вопроса) и аргументация «против» (идеи противоположной точки зрения). Данное эссе направлено на проверку и оценивание способностей и навыков учеников (студентов) мыслить логически связно.
Argue: v. 1.to persuade someone to do or not do something.
2. to give the reasons for your opinion, idea, belief, etc.
Argumentative: adj.someone who is argumentative often argues or like arguing.
Argument: n.a set of reasons that show that something is true or untrue, right or wrong etc.
Сложность написания данного вида эссе заключается в том, чтобы убедить противную сторону в объективности ваших взглядов или точки зрения на ту или иную проблему. Равное внимание следует уделять как положительным, так и отрицательным аргументам, рассматривая их объективно и по – возможности детально. Чтобы правильно выбрать тему для эссе «за и против», что является довольно нелегкой задачей, следует руководствоваться следующими правилами:
| Правильный вариант темы | Неправильный вариант темы | |
| 1. Сделайте тему максимально узкой | Selling and using marijuana in public places should be considered illegal. | Marijuana should be considered illegal. Not a good topic because it is too general. In some medical cases, marijuana is prescribed by the doctors and the patients are encouraged to use it in case of suffering from too much pain. |
| 2. Тема должна включать себя аргумент | If we are under the age of 30 and want a healthy life, we should definitely get a bicycle instead of a car. Cheating helps students learn. Considering its geopolitical role, we can clearly say that the EU cannot be without Turkey. | We should decide whether we want a bicycle or a car. Not a good topic because our stand is not clear: do we support having bicycles or cars? Are you one of those who thinks cheating is not good for students? Not a good topic because a question cannot be an argument. Considering its geological position, Turkey has an important geopolitical role in the EU. Not a good topic because facts cannot be arguments. |
| 3. Тема должна подтверждаться конкретными фактами (статистическими примерами, ссылками на различные достоверные источники информации и т.д.) | I feel that writing an argumentative essay is definitely a challenging task. Not a good topic because feelings cannot be supported; we cannot persuade other people. |
В том случае, если вам кажется, что вы не можете найти достаточное количество аргументов для доказательства своей точки зрения или для опровержения противоположной, вы можете осветить один из наиболее спорных вопросов, например:
Cheating is beneficial for students. Студентам полезно списывать.
Stress is good for the human body. Стресс положительно влияет на человека.
Polygamy is quite natural. Полигамия – естественная человеческая потребность.
For women, there is no need for men. Женщины не нуждаются в мужчинах.
Модели эссе «за и против».
All Young People Should Try to be Fashionable Whatever the Cost.
The first impression we make almost fully depends on what we wear and how we wear it. Manners and speech are noticed next and character only later. So, “to present” yourself skillfully is a talent. It is helpful to have some “clothes sense” to know and feel the types of things that are your style. So, to be a little different from the others you should adapt the fashion to your personality, but the problem is many young people try to be fashionable whatever the cost.
One of the main advantages of fashion is that sometimes it’s very important to wear the right thing. For instance in offices business people wear quite formal clothes: men usually wear suits and ties, for women it is more sensible to put on dresses and skirts. Some boys and girls usually prefer to dress like the other members of their group, as if wearing the uniform. They say that if they do not dress like the others, they feel left out like a fish out of water.
A further advantage of fashion is that it helps young people to express themselves and their art of living, what is the inseparable part of teen’s character development. Teenagers prefer to wear things which show off their ideas and feelings about life. They use fashion like a kind of uniform. For example, a boy who wears a leather jacket covered in bits of metal will probably ride a motorbike. A girl who wears Laura Ashley dresses will probably have middle – class ideas. Moreover, some young people have fun with the latest “street styles”, cutting their hair into strange shapes, wearing lots of cheap jewelry, cutting off their trouser legs to make them shorter, or painting their lips blue. But a lot of young people try to look as clean and tidy as possible. When you are looking for a job, you want to show possible employers that you’ll be a good worker. Clothes with a sporty look are popular. They make people look healthy and energetic.
On the other hand, there is one more issue we shouldn’t forget as many people think that fashion has nothing to do with the problems of our environment and there is no connection with animals, plants and fashion. Unfortunately, only few do realize how much animals or plants suffer because of our whims. In other words, the truth is that we use animals or parts of them for jewellery, clothes, soaps and cosmetics. At the moment we are using thousands of animals every year for tests of things like shampoos to find out if they cause any irritation. Furthermore, who are just keen on wearing furs behave themselves simply reckless, wiping out entire species.
Another disadvantage of fashion is that it changes teen’s attitude to life. For example, young people listening to rap music prefer to dress “ghetto style”. Boys wear oversized hoodies and oversized pants that are pulled down low. Girls wear tight, short tops and low jeans. They also wear baseball caps backwards and leave shoelaces untied. Wearing the same clothes as rappers, who often sing violent or offensive lyrics, can make a person in such clothes feel very cool and rebellious, too. So, some people say rap glamorizes crime; rap songs and fashion affect teen attitudes toward women, and talk about guns, sex and money all the time.
All things considered, it can be concluded that fashion is an abstract thing, and it’s hard to determine it exactly. But what everyone should understand is that it is not necessary to follow the latest fashion trends in order to look fashionable. And one shouldn’t be ashamed of wearing one and the same clothes day after day because of people’s opinion. We are all free in our choice, but fashion is the thing that will be in demand in all times (652 words).
Older Employees Shouldn’t Be Forced to Retire.
For many old people the latter part of their life is not a time to relax and enjoy retirement, but rather a difficult and unhappy period, owing to financial problems, worries, failing health and loneliness. Other people, however, despite being fit and highly talented, are forced to retire earlier because of company or national regulations. This essay will examine whether people should be allowed to continue working for as long as they want or whether they should be encouraged to retire at a particular stage.
There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able. First of all, older employees have an immense amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire. A second point is that older employees are often extremely loyal employees and are more willing to implement company policies than younger less committed staff. To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over.
On the other hand, allowing older people to work indefinitely is not always a good policy. Age alone is no guarantee of ability. Many younger employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area or unit for most of their working lives. Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization. In addition, without age limits, many people would continue to work purely because they did not have any other plans or roles. Another negative aspect is that although older people should be rewarded by society for their life’s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy their leisure, they are in most cases not.
Taking everything into account, I therefore conclude that being forced to retire can affect the older individual’s freedom - and right - to work and can deprive society of valuable experience and insights. There should be several measures which could be taken to give workers more flexibility, and choice over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual (361 words).
Is Abortion Wrong or Good Decision?
For years thousands of people from many different spheres of life have had various opinions about abortion. For some abortion is never wrong, for others under certain circumstances it is O.K., and for still some others it is never right. Abortion is considered to be more wrong than good not only because it goes against what God has said, but also because most women are so rushed into and unsure about their decision they regret it later in life.
To begin with, the average age at the time of the abortion is 21 years old. Out of the 252 women being asked about their life experience, 45% said that they were not satisfied with their choice at the time of the abortion. Almost all of the women, 95%, are not satisfied with their choice now. Most of those surveyed, 84%, felt their decision was not well thought out. More than half of the women, 54%, felt they were forced by outside circumstances to have the abortion. Knowing in advance their present circumstances 94% said they would not have had the abortion. When asked what condition they felt the fetus was in, 70% felt the fetus was either non-human or other before the abortion. After the abortion 97% of the women felt it was human. The other 3% did not answer. Almost all of them had negative feelings toward the abortion, 99%, today and the others were unsure. These results show the regret that accompanies an abortion. Most felt they would have kept the baby had they known what they know now. A lot of the women felt uninformed about the abortions and the alternatives. Women also felt unsure about their decisions before and after the event. Moreover, many women claim, that their abortion is still vividly clear. Some feelings the majority felt after the abortion included guilt, depression, anger, sorrow, grief, and remorse. Shame, loneliness, self-condemnation, and self-hatred were some more feeling expressed by the women. The majority also experienced a loss of self esteem, a general sense of loss, and emptiness. The majority of the women regretted having the abortion.
One of the advantages of abortion is that if woman can’t afford herself to have a baby or she was raped, she can avoid financial or psychological problems in future making the proper choice.
All things to be considered, I believe, that whether to have an abortion or not is never an easy decision. I feel sorry for anyone who has to go through that. The gift of life is a precious gift and should not be wasted. There are many options other than abortion such as adoption that can spare these women of year’s guilt and regret. These feelings of regret do not just come. They come because deep down women know it is wrong to kill their unborn fetuses (479 words).
Pros and Cons of Extreme Sports.
Nowadays there are many “extreme” sportsmen – the adventurers who take sport to its most dangerous limits. They are people who leave their offices and businesses to spend their free time doing extremely dangerous things and of course it can have both positive and negative influence on their lives.
One advantage of doing extreme sports to satisfy your need for adventure is that you can completely forget about your everyday problems. For example, one can’t be concerned about business phone calls or examination results when you are jumping out of a plane. Some people find it very exciting to fly jets across deserts or go diving in unexplored caves, while others explore unknown nature and want to experience something more than their normal lives can offer. People, who are fond of extreme sports, are fond of risks and the thrill of their hobby. Furthermore, the difference between extreme sport and “normal” sport is that, although there are organized competitions for these sports, most extreme sports people are more interested in testing their own abilities than in winning prizes.
But on the other hand, going for extreme sports can have several disadvantages. First of all, it can take you years of training before you feel confident enough to perform some tricks. There are also some risks involved in this job. Sometimes you need to work with a partner you can depend on and you must be sure he can help you in difficult or unexpected situation. What is more, such kind of activity is very tough and dangerous, you have to be courageous. Not all people have this necessary quality to risk their lives.
To crown it all we can consider that there is an element of risk in all extreme sports. If you don’t do things right, you are asking for a trouble. But I believe that training and proper equipment help to make these sports safer (323 words).
Shopping: Hobby or Addiction?
For a lot of people, shopping is a chore, something tedious, yet necessary – like housework. For others, shopping is fun and relaxing, a release from the world of work. For a minority, however, shopping can be as dangerous as consuming too much alcohol or abusing drugs that is why the issue of shopping still remains debatable.
One of the main disadvantages of shopping is that sometimes the constant need to buy new things starts interfering into person’s life. People who become addicted to the excitement of shopping believe that buying something new will make their lives happier and more fulfilling. Unfortunately, many shopaholics don’t realize that they have a problem until it is too late. They end up with huge overdrafts or in court, filing for bankruptcy. Moreover, unlike a dependence on alcohol or drugs, an addiction to shopping and spending money is less easy to detect but, as with other forms of addiction, the “shopaholic” is also in need of professional help.
On the other hand, shopping can serve as the form of therapy for those whose lives are emotionally empty and prevent the signs of chronic depression. In this case it helps them to struggle with their own unhappiness.
All things to be considered we can say that the solution to the problem lies in shopaholics themselves. Getting to the root of the shopaholic’s depression and helping them to face up and cope with the real problems that trigger their shopping mania is the only practical approach (254 words).
The Pros and Cons of using the Internet
Advertisements for the Internet promise you a world of information, entertainment, on – line shopping and e – mail services. However, the real world of the Internet may not be as perfect as the advertisements suggest.
Using the Internet offers many advantages. Firstly, all of the latest information is available to you, in your home at any hour of the day or night. It is much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries. Finally, on – line shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. By joining a news group, you can share your hobbies and special interests, and perhaps make friends all over the world. For example, e – mail is popular because it is faster than sending a letter and cheaper than a telephone conversation.
On the other hand, the Internet has several disadvantages. Also, with so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, but they make downloading slow and boring. What is more, there is too much advertising instead of real information. As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer, making “chat friends” is not the same as actually meeting people.
In conclusion, the Internet obviously has both good and bad points. Fortunately, the system is improving all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved. Whether we like it or not, the Internet is here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it (291 words).
Advantages and Disadvantages of Animal Testing in Medical Research
Medical research involving animals has dramatically improved the health of the human race. Without animal testing, the cure for polio would not exist and diabetics would suffer or die from their disease. Despite these benefits, some people believe that animals should not be used for testing medical techniques and drugs.
One of the most strongest argument for animal testing is that it allows scientists to test and create new drugs. Animals such as monkeys or rabbits have similar physical processes to humans. This allows scientists to test the effects of certain drugs. If a drug produces adverse effects in animals it is probably unfit for human use. Moreover, animal testing is cheap. There is a large supply of animals for medical research. Animals are easily bred, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testing in humans would be extremely high.
But animal testing has also got some drawbacks. Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. In some cases this is true. However it would be much crueler to test new drugs on people or children, or to let people die because there was not enough information about a drug. Furthermore, legislation in most countries sets standards for animal treatment, and laboratories have guidelines to prevent cruelty.
To crown it all we can consider, that animal testing is needed in the world we live in. Our responsibility is to manage the animals in our care and balance their suffering against the good that comes from them (258 words).
Are You Against or in Favour of Mothers in the Workforce (Mothers Working)?
Throughout this century, the role of women within society has changed, and the majority of people feel that this change is for the better. More women work than ever before, and it is accepted in Western culture that many women now have careers. Although the position of women in society today has improved, many people would argue that mothers in the workforce has led to increased social disorder and sometimes even personal dissatisfaction.
Firstly, it is true that women are now more at liberty to choose how to live their lives. The problem is there is the increase in the number of families that are headed by one person, usually the mother. About 80 % of women who support their children without a help of a man, work. They always have financial difficulties – such families are called low – income families and poverty affects the way in which the children in these families grow up. They feel unhappy and depressed because their mothers can’t afford themselves buying whatever their children want to possess. Besides they don’t find understanding in families, because their mothers think that their duty is only to dress and to feed their children and don’t care for their soul. That’s why many young people run away from home, trying to escape reality by turning to alcohol or drugs, some of them turn to crime and become juvenile delinquents in order to earn some money committing crimes.
On the other hand, there are some advantages to be mentioned speaking about mothers in the workforce. If the mother has got a good job, she can afford her family to have more leisure time in which to enjoy a wider range of recreational activities. Moreover, working makes her economically active, more pragmatic and develops individual survival patterns. One of the main advantages of the topic is that if the mother’s profession is prestigious and interesting, in this or that way it influences the future profession of her children, and the properly chosen career makes a person happy and successful for the rest of his life. Children having such mothers are better motivated to work hard and find a good job, because they have clearly set goals.
To conclude, there is evidence both to support and refute the view that mothers should work, that it makes them having more opportunities to raise their standard of living. Although some people still oppose the view that mothers can be career women too, earning money will still remain a problem which makes them find themselves doing two jobs: one at home and one at the office (444 words).
It Is All Right for Old Women to Have Children: For and Against
In our days population is increasing thanks to a big birth rate. There are a great number of young families which would like to have children: but not only have such kind of families wanted to give life to a new generation. There are also a lot of women who want to have children too even if they are old. This issue frequently generates great debates.
Those, who support old women claim that in the life of each person such circumstances can take place that they can’t bear children, for instance because of the lack of money. But when the opportunity appears they must give life to new people because they have rights to be happy as the children always brings happiness. It is always good for old people to have children who will never leave them alone. One more advantage is that adult women have strong feeling of responsibility; they know how to handle babies properly.
But there is also another point of view. The opposite camp claims that old women shouldn’t bear children because of their age. First disadvantage is that it’s very dangerous for their health. Moreover, when the old women have children who are too young, they can be ill and even die, what will cause their children’s unhappiness and loneliness. And it is very important for all the children to have mother because nobody can replace her.
All things to be considered, I believe that all women should bear children in time if they have got an opportunity and desire as they must always take into consideration their age and future life of their children, not to give them a chance to stay alone in early childhood (296 words).
Pros and Cons of Genetically Engineered Food.
The genetic engineering is the laboratory techniques used by scientists to change DNA of living organisms. Genetic engineers believe they can improve foodstuff which we eat, but it’s still rather debatable question.
One of the strongest disadvantages of genetic engineering is that its effects on our health are not known. Many of the genes which are used – such as those of scorpions, rats, mice and moths – are not part of our diet so we do not know how dangerous they may be. For example, people can develop allergies to food which has been genetically engineered. Furthermore, the effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create life forms – monsters – that we cannot control. The new life forms have no natural habitat or home. They will have to find one, fight for one – or kill for one. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel. For instance, In America pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight.
On the other hand some people believe, though, that genetic engineering could be the solution to the problem of famine. Plants which grow faster, or cows which produce more milk, can save the lives of starving people.
In conclusion it can be mentioned that if we would like a better, healthier and longer life, the genetic engineering might give us this. On the contrary it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story, Frankenstein created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. We must make sure that it remains a story – and no more than that (289 words).
Should Countries Encourage Tourism?
In trying to analyze tourism or to formulate a conceptual framework of tourism, several images come to the mind. Tourism can be looked at in the abstract: namely, as the phenomenon involving the movement of people within their own country (domestic tourism) or across the national borders (international tourism). Nowadays it’s an issue which generates debates, with supporters claiming that it’s necessary for the development of society, whilst opponents claim it has got too many disadvantages.
Firstly, tourism can help to build a communicational bridge among peoples of various nations. Tourism in particular may be used as a tool in reducing the understanding gap between developed countries which are usually the generators of tourism or “givers” and developing countries are tourist receiving or “takers”. Considering the political, economic, social and technological relations between nations, tourism once properly planned and orderly functioning, can serve to rationalize and enhance these relations, furthering understanding between nations. Moreover, tourism is one of those industries that are capable of providing rapid economic growth in jobs, income standard of living and in activating their productive sectors in the receiving country. Furthermore, it includes, as a complex sector, industries in the classical sense of the term such as handicraft and souvenir industries. Lodging and transport are also economically viewed as industries.
On the other hand, people, who move to a foreign country may be regarded with suspicion and treated unfairly. That’s why the problems of adapting during the trips cannot always be overcome. For example, war, political or religious intolerance and natural catastrophes are among the reasons for countries, which don’t support tourism.
To sum up, it is true to say that tourism does provide some benefits, because from my point of view some of the barriers between countries can be broken down, helping to create a more peaceful world. Needless to mention, better diplomatic relations would be of benefit to all (320 words).
What Can You Say For and Against Censorship?
Censorship is certainly something which is often discussed in today’s world. However, it is highly debatable whether it is important in modern life or not.
One of the main arguments for censorship is that today’s mass media seems to have completely abandoned the issue of ethics. This is more than apparent in the films and programmes which are intended to entertain, as they bombard the viewer with explicit language, sex and violence. Furthermore, newspapers, especially the tabloids, have come to depend on overly – explicit articles and pictures in order to guarantee sales. It is commonplace nowadays to see, for instance, photographs of celebrities’ most private moments or horrific scenes of death occupying the front pages of daily publications. Such mass media production should be kept under control.
In contrast, opponents of censorship point out, that when it is abused by governments, censorship becomes an instrument used to misinform society a maintain power. Opponents also claim that freedom of expression is one of the main basic, inalienable rights. People should be allowed to publish books containing all their beliefs and ideas, for instance. It is considered, that freedom of speech is a basic right of every individual, regardless of race or creed.
In conclusion, it’s my opinion, that people should know what programmes to choose and how to take responsibility for their actions, because a highly – developed sense of responsibility provides the ideal foundation for personal development. The best cause of action would be to attempt to achieve a balance between the requirements of the country and the public on the one hand, and individual rights on the other (276 words).
Should Parents Pay If Their Children End Up In Trouble With the Law?
Many crimes and social problems are caused by children, because of the poor family relationships, bad neighbourhood conditions and misunderstanding between the family members. Despite the damage these teenage criminals cause, parents are not held responsible in most countries.
There are many reasons why parents should not be responsible for crimes committed by teenage children. First of all, teenagers today are independent. They often move out of the parent's house at 18 years of age or younger. They are expected to learn to take care of themselves and make their own decisions, and not stay like small children attached to their parents. Secondly, parents usually work. They cannot watch their adolescent children all the time. A third point is that even children from good families can sometimes commit crimes. Parents should not be responsible if they have worked hard to raise their children properly.
However, because of the many problems young troublemakers cause, parents should be responsible. Firstly, most juvenile crimes are committed by adolescents whose parents do not care or make any effort to control their children. If parents had to pay fines, they might make more effort. Another point is that even though the children may seem mature, they are not really able to make good decisions. Parents should be responsible for raising and teaching their children until they are fully grown. Furthermore, if children know that their parents will have to pay, they will think carefully before committing crimes.
To sum up, there are good reasons both for and against making parents pay for acts committed by their children. However,I feel strongly that if we want to reduce the number of such crimes, we need to make parents take more responsibility (299 words).
Advantages and disadvantages of Too Much Money Spending on Sport
In modern society there are a lot of people who needs the help of government. For instance, there are a lot of young sportsmen who are full of life and ambitions to do their best in achieving the best results. That is why the government tries to support sports games and supply the development of sports industry with necessary money. But there are a number of people who form the opposing camp according to the issue.
One of the main disadvantages of too much money spending on sport is that there are also other very important spheres of life demanding government’s support. For instance, there are a great number of families who can’t afford themselves to pay for their children’s education, while large sums of money are often paid to event organizers to promote products such as cigarettes, which are harmful for one’s health. Sometimes, poor families can’t even provide their families with proper Medicare in the case of somebody’s illness. As a consequence many people start drinking and their children have no upbringing, what can cause serious social problems. Moreover, sport can divide people, as it is often demonstrated by crowd violence at football matches.
On the other hand, sport is an important part of today’s society and plays a large role in many people’s lives. From a social standpoint, sport plays a positive role in uniting people from different social backgrounds in support of their favourite team. This can aid people’s understanding and tolerance of each other. As far as education is concerned, sport is an important part of every child’s schooling, as it plays a big role in both their physical and mental development. It teachers children how to work as part of a team and cooperate with others, while at the same time improving physical condition. From an economic point of view sport can be profitable, as it attracts sponsors sponsorship and advertising.
To crown it all we can consider, money on sport should be paid as much as possible only to encourage people to lead a more healthy and peaceful life instead of being used to promote unhealthy products and cause disorder between people (370 words).
Human Cloning Is Immoral.
“And the lord god formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed in to his nostrils the breath of life; and ma n became a living soul. The lord god then took one of his ribs and closed up his flesh instead thereof: and with the rib from which the lord god had taken from man he created woman." Is cloning necessary for advancements in improving the quality of life? People often question whether or not we as a scientific nation are trying to play the role of god by the diverse issue of human cloning.
Opponents of human cloning often argue that it is immoral and unethical to clone human beings for both religious and humanitarian reasons. Moreover others describe human cloning as a luxury for the wealthy and as a tool for the Organ Market Development. Conversely, it is considired that cloning is immoral and a bad idea for the following reasons. First of all cloning may reduce genetic variability. Producing many clones runs the risk of creating a population that is entirely the same. This population would be susceptible to the same diseases. That means that one disease could devastate an entire population. One could easily picture the human race being wiped out by a single virus. Moreover, cloning is currently a very expensive process. It requires large amounts of money and biological expertise. Money that could otherwise be spent on things such as social security, Medicare, defence, roads, education, and towards our environment. Any research would eventually need to be tested on human beings. The ability to clone humans may lead to the genetic tailoring of offspring. It is conceivable that a scientist will be able to determine a baby's eye and hair color. In most cases even the baby's gender, or its' resistance to a certain disease.
On the other hand, all the things that cloning might be used for, is to create a genetic underclass in order to produce humans with sub normal intelligence and above normal strength that could someday rule the world.
All things to be considered, I believe that a person cannot change what has happened in the past. Although they can influence what will happen in the future. If government would decide to legalize cloning the results on our nation could be catastrophic to the future generations (391 words).
Keeping a Pet Influences the Health of Their Owners.
When man began to domesticate animals he took one of his greatest steps forward on the road to civilization. A new kind of treatment designed to stimulate people who are withdrawn or uncommunicative has recently been given a new name: pet therapy. It has given difficult children, lonely old people and even anti – social prisoners a completely new outlook on line.
One of the main advantages of keeping a pet is that people living with pets really are living longer. It was discovered that stroking a cat or dog lowers a human being’s blood pressure and reduces anxiety. Just having an animal around you can lower your heart rate. Moreover, cats and dogs aren’t the only pets that can help you to relax either. A dental school in America has discovered that gazing at fish in a tank helps patients relax before undergoing dental treatment. A further advantage of keeping a pet is that pets can not only prove to be good companions, but also teach children a sense of responsibility and make them more sociable. They can also comfort and help to overcome depression, and make mentally – disturbed or old people avoid becoming obsessed with their problems.
The main drawback of keeping a pet is that they need proper food, training and treatment and sometimes veterinary bills can be extremely expensive. Another disadvantage is that pets can mess everything around the house, spoil furniture and other owner’s possessing. Some of them may also aggravate health problems such as asthma or allergies. Furthermore, somepets can become very aggressive and if you corner them so, that they cannot escape, then they may attack you.
All things considered, it may be concluded that pets make our life more fulfilling and bring us much good than harm (305 words).
Pros and Cons of Gun Control in Crime Prevention
Gun control has been a controversial issue for years. A vast majority of citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Many innocent people feel they have the right to bear arms for protection, but to enforce gun control throughout the nation, means violating a person’s Constitutional rights.
One of the most serious drawbacks of guns is that they are evil to some, because of the violence that they create. It is a proven fact that handguns have been the murder weapon of choice. Guns are involved in half of all homicide cases. People believe that society has relied on weapons that create harm and criminals. Therefore, these weapons should be outlawed. However, law abiding citizens have the right to protect themselves against danger. Due to the ownership of guns, burglaries have reduced considerably. A gun is a tool, guns don't kill people.
People kill people. The matter depends on who is using the gun, and what situation it is involved in. Purchasing a handgun legally is a complex procedure. The consumer must go through a two month waiting period. These procedures guarantee the innocence and reliability gun owner. Furthermore, enforcing gun control is not going to have an effect on the crime rate, because it will not keep criminals from purchasing weapons. If guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns. If a person is willing to pay a price they will get what they want. Gun owners have to protect themselves from these criminals, and all gun owners must be informed of their second amendment right to keep and bear arms.
On the other hand, freedom to poses arms is a guaranteed citizen right. If the
constitutional rights of a citizen are violated, it can be a complex issue. This is why all citizens should be aware of all of their constitutional rights.
All things to be considered, we can come to a conclusion that to arm ourselves is not a correct decision – more guns lead to more violence in my view – but we do need to be more aware and have a systematic approach to crime prevention if we want to reduce the crime rate (376 words).
The Old and Young Should Live under The Same Roof.
As the family is the basic social unit in the world, most people expect to marry and have a family. But housing nowadays is difficult to obtain and young couples often live with their parents for some time. Living under the same roof has its advantages and disadvantages.
One of the main advantages of living together with parents is that in most cases parents attempt to help their children to overcome hardships, difficulties and complications of their lives. If the family is friendly, if the interrelations are warm, if children honour their parents and vice versa the atmosphere becomes hospitable and welcoming. Moreover, grandparents teach their grandchildren to see the world around them and to value everything they have. They usually want their grandchildren to become honest and kind men, devoted to the family traditions and to be loyal and faithful to their friends. One more advantage of living together is that housekeeping becomes easier and if women are going back to work after the birth of their children they don’t have to find someone to look after them during the day, especially when childcare is available, but women can’t afford it.
On the other hand, urban flats are very small and it’s common for a family of four or more to live in one room. This can cause misunderstanding between the family members, poor family relationships, teasing and constant interfering of parents with their children’s lives. Frequently parents become addicted to the experiment of putting their children under a lot of pressure and it leads to chronic depression and can even cause emotional crisis. Furthermore, if the family income is low and it suffers from lack of money, spending can get out of control and the debts will pile up. Unfortunately, not all the families are able to face up and cope with financial problems.
To sum up, it is true to say that we can only feel sorry for those people who have to live with their parents, but feel lonely and distressed in their own families and can’t be in good terms with their relatives. Not for nothing one of the ten Christian commandments says: “Honour your father and mother so that you can live long in the world” (382 words).
What Can You say in Favour of Advertising and What Are Its drawbacks?
A recent international study has shown some surprising and apparently contradictory results on the question of the priorities of advertising. While the survey showed that some virtues of advertising are universally prized, there can be also defined some disadvantages of it. But the humanity, however, enjoys the variety of goods which this highly creative industry brings to everyone.
One of the main arguments for advertising is that all the latest information on goods and services is available to you in your home, at any hour of the day or night because of Internet. It’s much faster and easier to surf the net in search of goods from all over the world than go shopping and here advertising can be very useful. Moreover, it’s much easier to find a job with the help of Internet and this can reduce the problem of unemployment, which is also a great advantage for a county’s economy.
On the other hand, there is advertising, that should be banned, for example, cigarette advertising, because in this case an unhealthy product is being promoted. Another disadvantage of cigarette advertising is the fact that it targets young people. It shows young, beautiful, successful people smoking and having fun. This is an image which is appealing to teenagers. In other words, they become attracted to this glamorous representation of smoking, which leads to them taking up the habit.
In conclusion, I believe, that advertising companies are only interested in making money, as their campaigns are unethical and aimed at teenagers. But it is not good to promote an unhealthy product, so in my opinion, such advertising as cigarette should be banned (286 words).
Modern Society Will Be Affected By the Growth of Telecommuting -
Workers Doing All or Part of Their Work from Home and Communicating With Their Office by Computer
Through the centuries people have continued to develop faster and more efficient ways of communicating. These various methods have developed to the level that we can communicate with people anywhere in the world at a touch of a button. However, the biggest effect of telecommuting will be in the area of individual freedom, responsibility, and time management.
The first point in favour of telecommuting is that work and workplaces will alter dramatically. Offices may become smaller, as fewer desks are needed. There will be greater need for high-bandwidth connections to link the office and the home, and even homes to other homes, as other employees and supervisors also begin working at home. Hours spent commuting, traffic jams, and fights for parking should diminish, as workers make fewer journeys or work staggered hours. The further advantage is that family life will also change. Workers, both husbands and wives, can arrange their work around family commitments such as taking children to school, cooking, enjoying leisure activities.
However, although the ideas of more time at home and less time traveling are attractive, there are some drawbacks to telecommuting. People may feel unable to escape their work, and may even work longer or more unsocial hours. The quality of work may suffer because of the reduced face-to-face interaction with other employees. There may be delays if other workers are not immediately available. Telecommuters may feel isolated or unmotivated, or insecure about decisions. A major change will be in the way people think about work as a place or an institution. Instead, they will focus on the task or product. Workers may feel less loyal to a company and more inclined to change jobs or work part-time or on contract.
For the above - mentioned reasons, therefore, I (firmly) believe that the effects are difficult to predict because they depend on the extent to which telecommuting becomes popular. However, telecommuting could be the start of a major societal shift, possibly as big as the Industrial Revolution which created our present ideas of work (367 words).
Is Chocolate a Healthy Food?
Nowadays we can hear a lot about the advantages and disadvantages about the chocolate. It is said that chocolate rises mood, rises efficiency of brain, prevents caries, is used in medical treatment. Perhaps, it is one of the most popular and delicious foods available today, because we eat it in sweets, cakes and desserts and even drink it.
The main advantage of chocolate supports a good health, because it is an instant energy booster. Chocolate is a good combo of nutrients, proteins as well as vitamins. No wonder this makes chocolate a must for ration packs in the army, for trampers/hikers, mountain climbers. Besides the nutritional constituents chocolates also contain Flavonals. Flavonals are antioxidants, also presented in apples, onions, peanuts, cranberries and red wine. In fact 50 mg bar of dark chocolate is equivalent to six apples, two glasses of wine and seven onions in its flavonoid content. Moreover, according to a study done at the University of Michigan in the United States, chocolate contains chemicals called opiods. Opiods are also found in opium, and they serve to dull pain and give a feeling of well – being to people who ingest them. According to the study, people who eat chocolate produce natural opiates in their brains that soothe their nerves and make them feel good. Another greatest advantage is that even sniffing a chocolate bars can boost up your immune system by raising the level of antibodies in the body. The addition of as little as 15 to 20 grams of dark chocolate in the daily diet has been shown to provide the necessary benefits. Furthermore another healthy component of this delicacy is theobromine. It helps you to cure cough without any side effect of drowsiness as in the case of ceodine. The best part of your favourite chocolate bar is its tryptophan content. Tryptophans, an essential amino acid, its consumption triggers the release of serotonin, a feel good neurotransmitter, in the brain that stimulates the central nervous system and makes you feel happy. The fat boosts other ‘feel good’ brain chemicals called endorphins and may have the same effect as marijuana.
The main disadvantage of chocolate is that it does contain high amounts of saturated fats and sugars that can cause health damage and obesity if you take it too much. However, when eaten in moderate quantities, chocolate truly can be a miracle food. Even better, it tastes wonderful. It’s hard to find anyone who doesn’t like some kind of chocolate, whether it’s white, dark, or milk, Hershey or Belgian. So the next time you have to give up something for Lent or take up a new diet, think twice before giving up chocolate. It not only tastes good, its health benefits give you a great excuse to keep on enjoying it.
Taking everything into account, I can conclude that about a benefit and harm of chocolate was said and written very much. For this time scientists again found confirmation to that that a chocolate is rendered by positive influence on the organism of man. From my point of view people who prefer a chocolate feel healthier and happier than other people. They do not suffer of loneliness, are less affected to depressions, feel better and more confident (545 words).
The Necessity of Vitamins Use In Everyday Meals.
Vitamins are substances necessary to maintain life. These substances are formed by plants or animals which must be supplied to the body in tiny quantities so that the vital processes can continue as they should. But there is a contradictory point of view if vitamins affect us good.
First of all, if a person consumes too much vitamins they can make lots of harm to our health. Secondly, some vitamins are produced illegally, what can influence people’s health in a bad way.
On the other hand, vitamin A helps prevent infection. It is found in milk, egg yolk, liver, cod liver oil, and in lettuce, carrots, and spinach. Vitamin B1 is necessary for the prevention of certain nervous diseases, and its absence causes a disease called “beriberi”. Vitamin B1 is found in milk, fresh fruits, whole grain cereals, and fresh vegetables. Vitamin B1 must be constantly replaced in the body. Furthermore, another important vitamin is vitamin C. Absence of this vitamin causes scurvy. The joints become stiff, teach become loose, and the bones become weak. Oranges, cabbage, and tomatoes are rich in Vitamin C. The body is unable to store Vitamin C so it must be replaced constantly. Besides this, vitamin D is important for infants in proper bone development and for teeth. This vitamin is found in great quantities in cod liver oil, liver, and egg yolk. Sunlight provides our body with vitamin D, too. If you eat a well – balanced diet, you are probably getting enough of the vitamins you need.
Taking these points into consideration, I would say that the role of vitamins is rather important and valuable if the person knows how to take them properly. The attention to right doze and the peculiarities or individuality of organism should be paid (304 words).
Are Dogs the Best Pets?
Dogs have been domesticated longer than any other animal and man has developed more than 200 breeds of dogs to serve him in different ways for different purposes. If you have decided to add a pet to your family, is dog the best choice? Some people claim that the dog is man’s best friend but of course keeping a dog as a pet has its advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, dogs make wonderful companions. They always show their happiness as soon as their owner walks through the door, by wagging their tail and jumping up and down excitedly. They like to play; they are extremely loyal to their owners that are why they are a good company for the elderly and for children. Moreover, trained dogs are useful to their owners. They are easy to train as watchdogs to guard your house and family, making you feels safe and secure. They can also be trained as guide – dogs for the blind. They can be taught all sorts of tricks – even to collect the morning newspaper. Today the Internateonal Rennel Club divides dogs into 6 main classes: sporting dogs, which hunt by scent in the air; hounds, which hunt by ground scent; terriers, which hunt by digging into the earth; working dogs; toy dogs, for companions; and non – sporting dogs, which have many uses. You can choose one according to your tastes and purposes.
On the other hand, dogs need a lot of attention. They need to be fed and brushed, and taken to their daily walk or regular visit to the vet. However, this is a small peace to pay in exchange for their friendship and loyalty.
All things to be considered, it is not an easy job to bring up a dog, having a dog as a pet can even be tiring sometimes. But I believe dogs are the best pets. Spending a little time with your dog every day will certainly win you a “best friend” for life (337 words).
Is Your Home a Safe Place for Your Children.
A recent international study has shown some surprising and apparently contradictory results on the question of the priorities parents around the world have when raising their children. One of these priorities is the safeness of the homes. Every year, thousands of children are injured in accidents in the home – accidents that could be prevented.
As children usually spend 5 years of their lives at home before they even go to school and this circumstance may cause serious danger. First of all, sometimes in a case of fire children are injured because of careless attitude of their parents. Children play with matches, what might start a fire and burn themselves. Only when the accident takes place, parents start to keep matches out of reach of children. Another problem is that not all parents keep cleaning products in a safe place. The children may drink them and poison themselves. If knives and other sharp objects are not put away after use, children may cut themselves. Secondly, when children play with pots and pans on the stove they can scald themselves. If the electrical sockets are not covered when they are not in use, the children can give themselves an electric shock. Thirdly, if safety gates at the top and bottom of the stairs are not fitted, the children may fall and hurt themselves. Lastly, if a fence around any ponds or pools in your garden is not put the children might fall in and drown.
One of the advantages of being home is that children learn from their parents and parents can watch their children raising. Furthermore, parents can record a video not only of funny or memorable events but also of everyday children’s lives, watch how they develop and become grown – ups.
Taking everything into consideration I can honestly say that it’s a great responsibility for parents to make their houses safety – proof. If parents try hard, do not leave their children alone and are always near the danger can be avoided (341 words).
Should Smoking be Banned Completely?
British doctors are demanding that smoking be banned in public places in Britain, following the example the example set by Ireland and many US cities. The argue that most public places are “somebody’s workplace’ and the employers have the duty to protect employees from harm. However, although I feel that smoking can be harmful, I do not think it should be banned completely.
Firstly, smoking undoubtedly helps many people to relax, what can be considered as one of its main advantages.For some, it even improves concentration. Many people like to smoke before exams or when they are relaxing with friends. A further positive argument is that governments throughout the world make huge profits from levying taxes on cigarettes. This provides funds which are used for building schools, hospitals and other public facilities. Moreover, the tobacco industry also employs tens of thousands of people throughout the world, particularly in poorer countries like Zimbabwe or India. Without cigarettes, these people would have no jobs.
The arguments against smoking are the following: smoking has been shown to be dangerous to health. The British Medical Association strongly believes that a public ban on smoking will dramatically reduce levels of heart disease, lung cancer, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma, which are all related to passive smoking also. Because of the problem that non-smokers can suffer health problems if they spend long periods of time among people who do smoke, British doctors are urging a public ban on smoking because employees have the right to work in a healthy environment. Furthermore, smoking costs governments millions of pounds because of the large number of people who need treatment in hospitals for smoking related problems.
In general, I think the world would be a better place without cigarettes. However, the decision whether to smoke or not should be for each person individual to make. From my point of view, people should have the right to choose whether they smoke or not. People should not smoke in a room where there are non-smokers but surely they should be free to smoke elsewhere (349 words).
Governments Should Have a Responsibility to Spend Money on Art for Their Citizens, Because Art is a Basic Human Need.
Visual art is a vast subject, including all kinds of pictures and sculptures. Artists make art for many reasons. Hundreds of years ago – when many people couldn’t read - paintings were often designed to illustrate stories, especially bible stories. A lot of paintings were made to decorate churches. More recently, artists have begun to paint to express their own feelings or explore ideas, or just to create something beautiful. However, some people feel that governments should be spending money on housing, medical care, or defence, instead of on art. This essay will discusswhether governments should or should not spend money on the arts.
There are several reasons whygovernments should not finance artists. First of all, artists should have to follow the same rules as the rest of the market. If there is a demand for their music or sculpture, then they will be rich. Secondly, politicians generally do not have good taste. They will waste public money on popular art or on their own preferences. But the main reasonwhy governments should minimize spending on the art world is that there are more important areas like housing, roads, hospitals, and factories which need the money first.
However, it would be wrong to say that governments should not spend any money at all on art. Everybody needs some beauty in their life, but not everyone can afford a Picasso or a piece of music. Governments should provide money for museums or concert halls for everyone. Another point is thatart allows people to express themselves and this is good for society, culture and thought. Thirdly, artists can be good for the economy by producing music, films, and attracting tourists.
All things to be considered,governments should prioritize their spending carefully, but they should also allocate some of their budget for art. It is part of their duty to society and to future generations (335).
Medical Marijuana Should be Legal
Medical scientists and doctors in some countries have recently discovered that marijuana, an illegal drug is an effective medicine for severely ill patients who cannot get relief from their usual prescription drugs. In my opinion, marijuana should be legal for medical uses because it can improve the quality of life for some people with serious illnesses.
First of all marijuana can help cancer patients who must use chemotherapy or take anticancer drugs that cause serious side effects. It can also help AIDS patients to regain their appetite and therefore to gain weight. Moreover, it might effectively stop the spread of glaucoma, which can cause blindness, and it can relieve joint pain and relax muscles in certain other illnesses. Unfortunately, because marijuana is an illegal drug, it cannot be purchased even with a doctor’s prescription at a pharmacy.
On the other hand it could be a serious problem and cause lots of troubles if
people addicted to drugs will have a chance to get marijuana legally. That is why the government should take into the consideration all the pros and cons of the problem before legalizing the medical marijuana.
In brief, smoking marijuana is effective enough to help seriously ill people who live with constant pain. Therefore, marijuana for medical purposes should be legal (220 words)
The Problem of Police Corruption and Pros and Cons of Being a Policeman
Nowadays it is certainly believed that crime control is entirely the responsibility of the police force. But the level of crime increases dramatically not only because television and films make crime look exciting and romantic and even modern music glamorizes it, but it is also the corruption in the police force which makes things worse.
The main disadvantage of being a policeman is that police should be paid a better salary. They need enough income to run a house and finance a family without having to take a second job. A higher income would help to take away some of the money pressure for policemen. Local police officers make about $19,200 a year. The salary may vary from location to location. The further disadvantage is
the problem that more and more of the police become the criminals. Corruption affects us in many ways from driving to feeling safe. The public may not know the causes for the problem, but there is no reason for the corruption to continue. The law enforcement system may never be perfect, but improvements may promote public support and cooperation. The public, government officials and law enforcement departments must work together to combat the problems of corruption. What is more, miscommunication between the police and citizens cause many problems. Sociologists claim that racial and so