Vii. Understanding the main points

A. Ask the questions to which the italicized are the answers:

1. The United States has a capitalist mixed economy, which is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity.

2. About 40% of personal vehicles are vans, SUVs, or light trucks.

3. In 2010, about 230 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home.

4. Children are required in most states to attend school from the age of six or seven (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn eighteen.

5. Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.

B. Complete the sentences:

a) The world's primary reserve currency is …

b) Relatively few American people use rail to travel because …

c) English is the de facto national language, but …

d) Through restrictions on federal grants …, regulated by the United States Department of Education.

e) … appeared firstly in America and then became the most famous sport activities all over the world.

VIII. VOCABULARY FOCUS

A. Translate the following words and phrases into English:

1. «смешанная экономика»;

2. лидер в производстве…;

3. на душу населения;

4. личное транспортное средство;

5. перевозка товаров по железной дороге;

6. использование велосипедов;

7. на федеральном уровне;

8. население возрастом пять лет и старше;

9. до тех пор пока им не исполнится 18;

10. согласно, в соответствии с;

11. по некоторым критериям;

12. в частности, Национальная ассоциация автогонок на серийных автомобилях.

B. Make up your own sentences, using the words and phrases above (Unit 1, VII. A).

IX. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

A. COMPOUND NOUNS Complete these sentences with suitable compound nouns, then see if you can find them in the box.

science fiction (науч. фантастика); filmstar; sunglasses (солнеч. очки); traffic jam (пробка); alarm clock (будильник); first aid box (аптечка).

1.I'm late because there was a terrible 1._____ in the centre of town.

2.Humphrey Bogart was a famous 2. _____ in the forties and fifties.

3.My 3. _____ didn't ring this morning and I didn't wake up until 9.30.

4.When I'm driving I always wear 4. _____ if it's very bright and sunny.

5.In some countries you have to have a 5. _____ in your car for minor injuries and illnesses.

6.My brother loves 6. _____, but I prefer true stories about the present or the past.

B. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES The letters of the word in brackets are mixed. Guess the word and complete the compound adjectives in these sentences.

1. We stayed at a five-_____hotel. (trsa)

2. There is a shop in London which sells things for left-_____ people. (anhdde)

3. The airport is about ten miles south-_____of the city centre. (aets)

4. It was a very badly-_____article: I noticed several punctuation mistakes and lots of spelling mistakes. (enwtrit)

5. It's a twenty-_____walk to the house, but it takes much less than that in the car. (inmteu)

6. In this market she sells second-_____ things. (dhna)

7. Have you ever met a well-_____ actor or politician? (wonkn)

C.Everyday expressions.In a game with a ball practice asking questions (student A) and answering them (student B). Then exchange the roles.

- To the table, please. – Come along, please. This way. – Here is your seat. – Make yourself comfortable. – Make (feel) yourself at home. Help yourself to… – Let me help to some more salad.

- Can I help you? – Can I offer you…? – Taste this dish. – Rather tasty. – It is delicious. – I’d like to have (some broth, salad, etc.) – (I have ordered coffee.) Is that OK with you? – (I’ll have chicken and vegetables.) What about you? – I like… more/better than… – Mmm…That sounds nice.

- Why don’t we order more lobster? – Would you care to have some more whisky? – Let’s have… – If I were you, I’d try grilled cheese and bacon. – Shall we have drinks first? – What would you prefer for the first course? – What would you like for cold dishes (for dessert)? – If it is up to me, I’d have…

- To set the table, to be thirsty, to be hungry, to have a snack, main course, another helping.

D.Translate the following dialogue from Russian into English using Everyday expressions above.

(Посетитель) Добрый вечер. Я заказывал столик на сегодня. Мистер Стоун.

(Официант) Добрый вечер, сэр. Проходите сюда, пожалуйста.

(П.) Я очень голоден и хочу пить. Давайте закажем напитки сначала. Сок «Рич», пожалуйста.

(О.) Что Вы желаете на первое?

(П.) Предпочитаю щи (cabbage soup).

(О.) На вашем месте, я бы обязательно попробовал нашу новую уху (fish soup).

(П.) Хорошо.

(О.) Что Вы хотите из холодных блюд?

(П.) Я бы хотел острый (spicy) салат из креветок (shrimp) с беконом.

(О.) Могу я предложить Вам что-то на десерт?

(П.) Вчера я пробовал мороженое с бананом. Довольно вкусно. Но я предпочитаю яблоки вместо бананов.

(О.) Как насчет яблочного пирога?

(П.) Ммм.. звучит великолепно.

X. COMMUNICATION SKILLS

A.Develop the following situation.

Student A: You are a waiter / waitress at the King’s Restaurant. You start. Begin like this: “Are you ready to order? ………………………… Take the customer’s order for: a main course; a salad / a sandwich; a dessert; a drink. Give any information the customer asks for.	Student B: You are at the King’s restaurant. You are ready to order. Use the menu bellow. Your partner starts: …………………………… First order your main course. Ask information about the dishes. ……………………………. Go on to order the rest of your meal.
THE KING’S RESTAURANT
Salads Chicken Salad 5.45 Shrimp Salad 6.12 Vegetable Salad 3.45 French Fries 0.90	Sandwiches Grilled Cheese 2.55 Bacon & Avocado 5.00 Chicken with tomato 5.15
For the Hearty Eater Chicken Pie 5.00 Pasta 4.33 Beef stew 5.40	Beverages Milk 0.90 Coffee 0.70 Tea 0.60 Lemonade 0.70
Desserts Cheese Cake 2.65 Lemon Pie 1.70 Ice-cream 1.00 Apple Pie 1.45

B. Try out your cooking skills!

Do you know how to make a pancake!

Add the quantities in the box to the ingredients.

Ingredients:

1. a little lemon juice 2. _____ of flour 3. _____ egg 4. _____ of milk 5. _____ of oil 6. _____ sugar

a) a little b) a small amount c) 125g d) a teaspoonful of e) 300 ml f) one

Complete the instructions and put them in the right order.

Method:

1. Mix the flour with the milk. . _____ a little of the mixture into the pan. . Put it on a warm plate and _____it with lemon juice and sugar. . Then _____the egg.	a) mix – смешай b) add – добавь c) pour – налей d) heat – подогрей e) serve – подай
. _____the oil in a frying pan. . When the pancake's cooked on one side, flip it over (быстро перевернуть блин, подкинув его).

C. Match the following American Holidays with their dates. If necessary use the information from the Internet and other sources.

Date	Official Name
1. January 1	a) Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.
2. Third Monday in January	b) Father's Day
3. January 20 following a Presidential election	c) Women's Equality Day d) Columbus Day
4. Third Monday in February	e) Flag Day
5. Last Monday in May	f) Labor Day
6. July 4	g) Veterans Day
7. First Monday in September	h) Thanksgiving Day
8. Second Monday in October	i) April Fools' Day
9. November 11	j) Easter
10. Fourth Thursday in November	k) International Women's Day
11. December 25	l) Constitution/Citizenship Day
12. February 2	m) Inauguration Day
13. February 14	n) Halloween
14. March 8	o) Memorial Day
15. March 17	p) Groundhog Day
16. April 1	q) New Year's Day
17. Sunday following the Paschal Full Moon, date varies from March 22 to April 25	r) Christmas s) May Day t) Independence Day
18. May 1	u) Washington's Birthday/Presidents' Day
19. Second Sunday in May	v) Mother's Day
20. June 14	w) Saint Patrick's Day
21. Third Sunday in June	x) Valentine's Day
22. August 26
23. September 17
24. October 31

D.Look at American Presidents (Life Portraits). Describe each of them, using the following model:

«Millard Fillmore was the thirteenth president, he succeeded (сменил, следовал за) Zachary Taylor».

George Washington	John Adams	Thomas Jefferson	James Madison	James Monroe	John Quincy Adams	Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren	William Henry Harrison	John Tyler	James K. Polk	Zachary Taylor	Millard Fillmore	Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan	Abraham Lincoln	Andrew Johnson	Ulysses S. Grant	Rutherford B. Hayes	James A. Garfield	Chester A. Arthur
Grover Cleveland	Benjamin Harrison	William McKinley	Theodore Roosevelt	William Howard Taft	Woodrow Wilson	Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge	Herbert Hoover	Franklin D. Roosevelt	Harry S. Truman	Dwight D. Eisenhower	John F. Kennedy	Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard M. Nixon	Gerald R. Ford	Jimmy Carter	Ronald Reagan	George Bush	Bill Clinton	George W. Bush
Barack Obama

E. Retell the texts from Ex. III and VI (READING):

1. as you are the US President;

2. as you are the US housewife;

3. as you are the US student;

4. as you are the US economist;

5. as you are the famous US sportsman Timothy (Tim) Theodore Duncan.

XII. WORD LIST

abundant

amendment

approval

approximately

archipelago

bordered by

by far

commander-in-chief

commute

composed of

conquistador

contiguous

corn

currency

de facto

deciduous

denomination

disease

dissolution

diverse

establishment

explorer

forebear

headquarters

hemisphere

homeschooled

House of Representatives

hurricanes

independence

indigenous

influence

judicial

legislative

life expectancy

mainland

mammal

nuclear weapon

obese

overweight

own

permanent

rail

ranking

ratification

rebellious

regard as

restrictions

salt

Senate

shrimp

soccer

soybeans

spectator

spicy

sulfur

to appoint

to comprise

to confirm

to defeat

to descend

to describe

to eclipse

to emerge

to enforce

to enroll

to estimate

to evolve

to flow into

to host

to identify

to inhabit

to issue

to overturn

to rank

to require

to secede

to veto

tornado

tributary

truck

vehicle

warfare

well-developed

P. S. Don’t forget to learn Everyday Expressions by heart! See Ex. IX. C.

UNIT 2. Canada

I. WARM UP

You are going to visit Canada. Before you plan your visit, you should find out if you need a visa to enter Canada. Complete the following application form. Share information with your partner.

PERSONAL DETAILS

1. Full name (family name and given name – as shown on your passport or travel document) ______

2. Have you ever used any other name (e. g. Nickname, maiden name, alias, etc.)? _____

3. Sex _____ 4. Date of birth (YYYY/MM/DD) _____

5. Place of birth (City/Town)_____ 6. Citizenship _____

7. Current country of residence: _____

8. Country where applying: (Same as current country of residence □ )_____

9. Your current marital status □ No □ Yes If you are married, provide the date on which you were married (YYYY-MM-DD) _____ Provide the name of your current Spouse (Family name, Given Name) _____

LANGUAGE(S)

1. Native language _____ 2. If your language not English or French, which language do you use most _____

PASSPORT

1. Passport number_____ 3. Country of issue_____

4. Issue date _____ 5. Expiry date_____

CONTACT INFORMATION

3. Current mailing address _____ 2. Telephon no. _____ 3. E-mail address _____

EDUCATION

1. Have you had any post secondary education (including university, college or apprenticeship training)? □ No □ Yes

2. If you answered “yes”, give full details of your highest level of post secondary education (from YYYY-MM to YYYY-MM, field, level, School/Facility name, City/Town, Country) _____

EMPLOYMENT

1. Give details of your employment for the past 10 years) (from YYYY-MM to YYYY-MM, Occupation, Company, City/Town, Country) _____

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Within the past two years, have you or a family member ever had tuberculosis of lungs or been in close contact with a person with tuberculosis? □ No □ Yes

Do you have any physical or mental disorder that would require social and/or health services, other than medication, during a stay in Canada? □ No □ Yes

2. Have you ever remained beyond the validity of your status, attended school without authorization or worked without authorization in Canada? □ No □ Yes

Have you ever been refused any kind of visa, admission, or been ordered to leave Canada or any other country? □ No □ Yes

3. Have you ever committed, been arrested for, or been charged with or convicted of any criminal offence in any country? □ No □ Yes

SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT _____ DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)_____

II. BEFORE YOU READ

A. Practice your pronunciation:

province ['prɔvɪn(t)s]

boreal ['bɔːrɪəl]

Horseshoe ['hɔːsʃuː]

Ontario [ɔn'tɛərɪəu]

Columbia [kə'lʌmbɪə]

Lawrence Iroquoian ['lɔr(ə)n(t)s 'irəˌkwoiən]

Jacques Cartier ['ʒʌk 'kətje]

aboriginal [ˌæbə'rɪʤ(ə)n(ə)l]

sovereign ['sɔv(ə)rɪn]

Ukrainian [juː'kreɪnɪən]

Catholic ['kæθ(ə)lɪk]

Lutherans ['luːθ(ə)r(ə)n]

mandatory ['mændət(ə)rɪ]

Montreal [ˌmɔntrɪ'ɔːl]

Edmonton ['edməntən]

Winnipeg ['wɪnɪpeg]

B. Complete the following sentences with the correct word or phrase (a, b or c).

1. Ottawa, the capital of Canada _____on the bank of the Ottawa River.
a) is situated	b) lies	c) flows
2. Montreal is a huge _____ with dozens of berth, towering cranes and steel-and-concrete bridges.
a) island	b) lake	c) port
3. Although Toronto has not such a favourable position, it is the gateway to south-western Ontario, the wealthiest and most _____ populated part of Canada.
a) deeply	b) densely	c) hardly
4. Canada is an independent, self-governing federal state, member of British _____of Nations.
a) Parliament	b) Commonwealth	c) Union
5. Canada is made up of ten _____, such as Ontario, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, etc. and two territories – the Yukon and the North-West Territories.
a) provinces	b) states	c) regions
6. Samuel Champlain and his countrymen formed a _____at mouth of the St. John River.
a) Commonwealth	b) Canada	c) colony

III. READING

Read the text and make sure you know the translation of the highlighted words and phrases.

Canada

1. Canada (i/ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border.

2. Canada has the longest coastline in the world, with a total length of 202,080 kilometres (125,570 mi). Canada consists of eight distinct forest regions, including extensive boreal forest on the Canadian Shield. Canada has around 31,700 large lakes, more than any other country, containing much of the world's fresh water. The Horseshoe Falls in Niagara Falls, Ontario, is one of the world's most voluminous waterfalls. Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes.

3. The 2011 Canadian census counted a total population of 33,476,688. Canada's population density, at 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.5 /sq mi), is among the lowest in the world. Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to region. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country. In noncoastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. Coastal British Columbia has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter.

4. The name Canada comes from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Cartier later used the word Canada to refer to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona); by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this region as Canada.

5. Canada's national symbols are influenced by natural, historical, and Aboriginal sources. The use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates to the early 18th century. The maple leaf is depicted on Canada's current and previous flags, on the penny, and on the Arms of Canada. Other prominent symbols include the beaver, Canada Goose, Common Loon, the Crown, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and more recently, the totem pole and Inuksuk.

6. The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal people. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America to Britain in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy, culminating in the Canada Act 1982.

7. "Peace, order and good government" (POGG) is the introductory phrase of section 91 of the CONSTITUTION ACT, 1867, generally stating the scope of the legislative jurisdiction of Parliament. Canada is a federal state governed as a parliamentary democracy and has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchy, the monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II, who also serves as head of state of 15 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's ten provinces and resides predominantly in the United Kingdom. As such, the Queen's representative, the Governor General of Canada (presently David Lloyd Johnston), carries out most of the federal royal duties in Canada. Five parties had representatives elected to the federal parliament in the 2011 elections: the Conservative Party of Canada (governing party), the New Democratic Party (the Official Opposition), the Liberal Party of Canada, the Bloc Québécois, and the Green Party of Canada. The list of historical parties with elected representation is substantial.

8. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level. Canada's two official languages are Canadian English and Canadian French.

9. As of 2011, it has a population of approximately 33.4 million. According to the 2006 census, the country's largest self-reported ethnic origin is Canadian (accounting for 32% of the population), followed by English (21%), French (15.8%), Scottish (15.1%), Irish (13.9%), German (10.2%), Italian (4.6%), Chinese (4.3%), First Nations (4.0%), Ukrainian (3.9%), and Dutch (3.3%).

10. According to the 2001 census, 77.1 percent of Canadians identify as Christian; of this, Catholics make up the largest group, accounting for 43.6 percent of the population. The largest Protestant denomination is the United Church of Canada (accounting for 9.5% of Canadians), followed by Anglicans (6.8%), Baptists (2.4%), Lutherans (2%), and other Christian denominations (4.4%). About 16.5 percent declare no religious affiliation, and the remaining 6.3 percent are affiliated with non-Christian religions, the largest of which are Islam (2.0%) and Judaism (1.1%).

11. Canada's economy is one of the world's largest and is reliant upon its natural resources and trade, particularly with the United States, with which it also has a long and complex relationship. It is a member of the NATO, WTO, Commonwealth of Nations, Francophonie, United Nations and others.

12. Atlantic Canada possesses vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and province Alberta also hosts large oil and gas resources. The immense Athabasca oil sands give Canada the world's second-largest proven oil reserves, after Saudi Arabia. Canada is additionally one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most important global producers of wheat, canola, and other grains. Canada is a major producer of zinc and uranium, and is a leading exporter of many other minerals, such as gold, nickel, aluminum, and lead. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustainable because of nearby mines or sources of timber. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries.

13. Canadian provinces and territories are responsible for education. The mandatory school age ranges between 5–7 to 16–18 years, contributing to an adult literacy rate of 99 percent. In 2002, 43 percent of Canadians aged 25 to 64 possessed a post-secondary education; for those aged 25 to 34, the rate of post-secondary education reached 51 percent. The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates that Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, sciences, and reading.

14. Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. Seven of Canada's eight largest metropolitan areas – Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg – have franchises in the National Hockey League (NHL). Other popular spectator sports in Canada include curling and football; the latter is played professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Golf, baseball, skiing, soccer, cricket, volleyball, rugby league and basketball are widely played at youth and amateur levels, but professional leagues and franchises are not widespread. Canada has hosted several high-profile international sporting events, including the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, the 1994 Basketball World Championship and the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Canada was the host nation for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia.