Why are housing costs rising in northern California?

A. Because of a small supply of rental apartments.

B. Because of growing demand for rental apartments by technology workers.

C. Because of a small supply of rental apartments and growing demand for them

by technology workers.

D. Because of inflation.

Why are the workers in many high-tech companies in San Francisco Bay Area willing to pay more for housing?

A. Because there is a very good climate in the area.

B. Because the workers don’t want to move to another area.

C. Because the workers don’t want to lose their jobs.

D. Because the area is home to many high-tech companies.

Where are some investors buying up buildings and then turning them into

High-priced apartments ?

A. In New York.

B. In San Jose.

C. In San Francisco.

D. Across the bay in Oakland.

What puts a high demand for hotels, apartments, single-family homes and office space in San Francisco?

A. San Franciscois a popular stop for both U.S. and overseas travelers.

B. San Franciscois a very crowded city.

C. There are a lot of technology industries inSan Francisco.

D. Some people would like to live only in San Francisco.

What are the top of most expensive U.S. cities for renters after San Francisco

And New York?

A. Houston and Austin.

B. Mesa and Buffalo.

C. Boston and Washington, D.C.

D. Kent and Richmond.

IX. Complete the sentences (1-5) with the most suitable preposition (a-e):

1. The charity is funded largely ….. endowments.

a) by b) in c) at d) over e) on

2. Fund managers must obtain the best possible deal ….. their clients.

a) in b) for c) at d) by e) among

3. The gold standard is no longer used ….. global markets.

a) on b) by c) in d) with e) at

4. This new office equipment will mean a change ….. routine.

a) for b) at c) by d) of e) over

5. The market is saturated ….. used cars.

a) of b) by c) on d) between e) with

X. Сomplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals:

1. A good ___________ can change your life.EDUCATE

2. She worked day and night and at the end of the week was close to ___________ .EXHAUST

3. If the business owes money, the _____________ themselves are not liable for the debts. OWN

4. The land was bought as ______________ . SPECULATE

5. If our self-tender is successful, it will reduce the chances of a hostile bid and increase our ____________ per share. EARN

Вариант 2

I. Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the first paragraph.

Microfinance

1. Microfinance is a source of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking access to banking and related services. The two main mechanisms for the delivery of financial services to such clients are: relationship-based banking for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses; group-based models, where several entrepreneurs come together to apply for loans and some other services. In some regions, for example Southern Africa, microfinance is used to describe the supply of financial services to low-income employees, which is closer to the retail finance model prevalent in mainstream banking. Microfinance is a movement whose object is a world in which as many poor and near-poor households have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers.

2. Many of those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor people to escape poverty. For others, microfinance is a way to promote economic development, employment and growth through the support of micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses. Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit services to poor clients. Microcredit is very flexible. For example, a group of people might want to be independent by setting up a small organic farm, a craft workshop or a local radio project. Under normal circumstances, such groups would find it difficult to persuade a bank to finance such projects. However, microcredit enables poor farmers, producers or entrepreneurs to buy seed, equipment or set up a mini-business. In this way, microfinance supports small entrepreneurs, providing possibilities for them to become self-sufficient and escape poverty.

3. In developing economies and particularly in rural areas, many activities that would be classified in the developed world as financial are not monetized: that is, money is not used to carry them out. Common substitutes for cash vary from country to country but typically include livestock, grains, jewelry and precious metals.

II. Decide whether the following statements are a) true, b) false or c) information is not available in the text:

1) Muhammad Yunus was the pioneer of microcredit from the 1970s.

2) Microfinance is not a way to promote economic development, employment and growth.

3) Common substitutes for cash include livestock, grains, jewelry and precious metals.

III. Match the words (1-10) with their definitions (a-j):

1. entrepreneur 2. supply 3. lack 4. retail finance 5. employment 6. monetize 7. promote 8. fund transfer 9. loan 10. credit

a) an amount or quantity of something that is available to use b) offering of credit facilities or stage payments to suitable creditworthy customers c) to support or encourage somethingto change something into money, or to express something in terms of money or a currency: d) someone who uses money to start businesses and make business deals e) a situation in which you do not have any, or enough, of something that you need or want f) work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or company a room or building where things are made or repaired using machines and/or tools:a room or building where things are made or repaired using machines and/or tools: g) to earn money from something, especially something on the Internet, such as a website or piece of software h) to move money from one account or bank to another i) an amount of money that a person, business, or country borrows, especially from a bank j) an arrangement to receive goods from a shop or money from a bank and pay for it later

IV. Complete the sentences (1- 10) with the words (a-l). There are two extra words:

a. meet

b. gilts

c. franchised

d. flexitime

e. loan

f. overdrawn

g. bankruptcy

h. interest

i. adviser

j. own

k. restrict

l. purchase

1. The company agreed to provide finance for the ………… of the property.

2. The bank is acting as financial ………… in the deal.

3. The Federal Reserve Board plans to cut ………… rates.

4. The aim is to …………. the target projected for the current financial year.

5. The safest fixed-interest securities are …………… .

6. Staff are allowed to work …………… .

7. The company has ………….. over 50% of its fast food outlets.

8. I’ll have to get a bank …………… to buy a new car.

9. The firm I work for is facing …………………. .

10. We need to bank that cheque today to avoid being ………………… .

V. Match (1-10) with (a-j) to make up sentences:

1. All businesses need 2. Companies’ internal finance methods are rarely 3. Microfinance has expanded considerably from the original idea of 4. A normal bank usually gives someone a loan or credit only when 5. Microfinance institutions have developed a real sense 6. Sources of finance can be divided 7. Short-term finance refers to 8. Long-term capital needs to be repaid 9. The company needs a supply of 10. We have the house deeds as surety

a) day-to-day requirements. b) funds in order to succeed. c) Muhammad Yunus, who was the pioneer of microcredit. d) sufficient. e) of social responsibility. f) there is security. g) into short, medium and long-term borrowing. h) that the loan will be repaid. i) highly trained, hard-working people. j) over a number of years.