Exercise 10. Analyze the sentences underlined in Text A. Find Infinitives and define their function

Exercise 11. Translate the text without a dictionary:

Text B

BULLDOZER MODIFICATIONS

Bulldozers have been further modified over time to evolve into new machines which are capable of working in ways that the original bulldozer can’t. One example is that loader tractors were created by removing the blade and substituting a large volume bucket and hydraulic arms which can raise and lower the bucket, thus making it useful for scooping up earth and loading it into trucks.

Other modifications to the original bulldozer include making it smaller to let it operate in small work areas where movement is limited, such as in mining. A very small bulldozer is sometimes called a calfdozer.

Nevertheless, the original earthmoving bulldozers are still irreplaceable as their tasks are concentrated in deforestation, earthmoving, ground levelling, and road carving. The heavy bulldozers are mainly employed to level the terrain to make it fit to construct on. The construction, however, is mainly done by small bulldozers and loader tractors.

Notes:

evolve – развивать

substitute – заменять

scoop – копать

calf – детёныш

Exercise 12. Translate the text with a dictionary in written form:

Text C

CONTINUOUS TRACK

Continuous track, also called tank tread or caterpillar track, is a system of vehicle propulsion in which a continuous band of treads is driven by two or more wheels. This band is typically made of modular steel plates, or rubber reinforced with steel wires. The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an equivalent vehicle, enabling a continuous tracked vehicle to traverse soft ground with less likelihood of becoming stuck due to sinking. The prominent treads of the metal plates are both hard-wearing and damage resistant, especially in comparison to rubber tyres. The aggressive treads of the tracks provide good traction in soft surfaces but can damage paved surfaces. Special tracks that incorporate rubber pads can be installed for use on paved surfaces to prevent the damage that can be caused by all-metal tracks.

Modern tracks are built from modular chain links which together compose a closed chain. The links are jointed by a hinge, which allows the track to be flexible and wrap around a set of wheels to make an endless loop.

Agricultural and construction vehicles opt for a track with shoes that attach to the chain with bolts and do not form part of the chain's structure. This allows track shoes to break without compromising the ability of the vehicle to move and decreases productivity but increases the overall weight of the track and vehicle. Extra weight is an advantage when optimizing for traction and power over speed and mobility.

The vehicle's weight is transferred to the bottom length of track by a number of road wheels, or sets of wheels called bogies. Road wheels are typically mounted on some form of suspension to cushion the ride over rough ground.

Transfer of power to the track is accomplished by a drive wheel, or drive sprocket, driven by the motor and engaging with holes in the track links or with pegs on them to drive the track. A non-powered wheel, an idler, is placed at the opposite end of the track, primarily to tension the track, since loose track could be easily thrown (slipped) off the wheels. To prevent throwing, the inner surface of the track links usually has vertical guide horns engaging grooves, or gaps between the doubled road and idler or sprocket wheels.

Continuous tracks can be traced back as far as 1770 and today are commonly used on a variety of vehicles including bulldozers, excavators, tanks, and tractors, but can be found on any vehicle used in an application that can benefit from the added traction, low ground pressure and durability inherent in continuous track propulsion systems.

Notes:

opt for – выбирать

bogie – ходовая часть

Unit 8

Grammar:

Revision.

Exercise 1. Translate Text A with a dictionary and make its grammar analysis:

Text A

TRACTOR

1. A tractor (from Latin “trahere” – pull; a conflicting history of the name is that steam tractors were originally referred to as traction engines, eventually becoming a contraction of 'traction' and 'motor') is a device intended for drawing, towing or pulling something which cannot propel itself and, often, powering it, too.

2. Most commonly the word is used to describe a vehicle intended for such a task on some other vehicle or object.

3. In Britain and India the word "tractor" usually means "farm tractor", and the use of the word "tractor" to mean other types of vehicles is familiar to the vehicle trade but unfamiliar to much of the general public.

4. In Canada and the US the word is also used to refer to a road tractor.

5. The durability and engine power of tractors made them very suitable for engineering tasks.

6. Tractors can be fitted with engineering tools such as a dozer blade, a bucket, a hoe, a ripper, and so on.

7. The most common attachments for the front of a tractor are a dozer blade or a bucket.

8. When attached with engineering tools the tractor is called an engineering vehicle.

9. A bulldozer is a tracked-type tractor attached with a blade in the front and a rope-winch behind.

10. Bulldozers are very powerful tractors and have excellent ground-hold, as their main tasks are to push or drag things.

11. Bulldozers have been further modified over time to evolve into new machines which are capable of working in ways that the original bulldozer cannot.

12. One example is that loader tractors were created by removing the blade and substituting a large volume bucket and hydraulic arms which can raise and lower the bucket, thus making it useful for scooping up earth, rock and similar loose material to load it into trucks.

13. A front-loader or a loader is a tractor with an engineering tool which consists of two hydraulic powered arms on either side of the front engine compartment and a tilting implement.

14. This is usually a wide open box called a bucket but other common attachments are a pallet fork and a bale grappler.

15. Other modifications to the original bulldozer include making the machine smaller to let it operate in small work areas where movement is limited.

16. There are also tiny wheeled loaders, officially called Skid-steer loaders but nicknamed ’’Bobcat” after the original manufacturer, which are particularly suited for small excavation projects in confined areas.

1. Subjects and predicates; ing- forms; modal verb; function of “that”; ed- forms.

2. Superlative degree; infinitive; participle 2.

3. Meaning of “-s”; infinitive; noun group.

4. Infinitive.

5. Noun group.

6. Modal verb.

7. Superlative degree.

8. Participle 2.

9. Participle 2.

10. Subjects and predicates; infinitive; adjectives with suffixes.

11. Main and subordinate clauses and their predicates; infinitive; function of “that”; adjectives with suffixes.

12. Main and subordinate clauses; gerund; participle 1; infinitive.

13. Attributive clause; noun group.

14. Predicate; participle 2; noun group.

15. Passive predicate; gerund; infinitive; comparative degree; nouns with suffixes.

16. Translation of “there are”; participle 2; nouns with suffixes.

Translate and remember the following words:

Propel, durability, fit, hoe, rope, winch, volume, scoop, compartment, tilt, pallet, fork, grappler, skid- steer, manufacturer, ripper, lower, raise.

Exercise 2. Translate Text B with a dictionary and make its grammar analysis:

Text B

ROAD ROLLER

1. A Road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor or just a roller) is an engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations.

2. In many parts of the world, road rollers are still known colloquially as steam rollers, regardless of their method of propulsion.

3. This typically only applies to the largest examples (used for road-making).

4. Road rollers work by using the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being rolled, the smooth finish of the rollers ensuring an even result.

5. Rollers are also used in landfill compaction.

6. Such compactors typically have knobby (“sheep’s-pad”) wheels and do not attempt to achieve a smooth surface, merely a squashed one.

7. The roller can be a simple drum with a handle that can be operated by one man, and weighs 100 pounds, all the way up to a massive ride-on road roller weighing 44,000 lb or 20 tons and costing more than $150,000 US dollars.

8. A landfill unit can weigh 54 tons.

9. On some machines, the drums may be filled with water on site to achieve the desired vehicle weight.

10. When not filled, the lighter machine is easier and cheaper to transport between worksites.

11. Additional compaction may be achieved by vibrating the roller drums.

12. Water lubrication may be provided to the drum surface to avoid hot asphalt (for example) sticking to the drum.

13. Hydraulic transmission permits greater design flexibility (early examples were direct mechanical drive) and reduces the number of moving parts exposed to the dust and mud associated with construction sites.

14. Human-propelled rollers may only have a single roller drum.

15. Self-propelled rollers may have two drums, mounted one in front of the other (format known as 'duplex'), or three rolls, or just one, with the back rollers replaced with treaded pneumatic tyres for increased traction.

1. Participle 2; infinitive; noun group.

2. Noun group; meaning of “-less”.

3. Superlative degree; gerund.

4. Subject and predicate; gerund; participle 1; absolute participle construction.

5. Noun group.

6. Infinitive; function of “one”.

7. Modal verb; function of “one”; participle 1.

8. Noun group.

9. Modal verb; infinitive; participle 2; noun group.

10. Participle 2; comparative degree; infinitive.

11. Noun group; gerund.

12. Noun group; infinitive; ing- form.

13. Subjects and predicates; words with suffixes; noun group; meaning of “-s”; comparative degree; participle 1; participle2.

14. Modal verb.

15. Participle 2.

Translate and remember the following words:

Roller, compact, concrete, foundation, propulsion, drum, short ton, fill, lubrication, provide, flexibility, reduce, member, expose, tread.

Exercise 3. Translate Text C without a dictionary:

Text C

EPA TRACTOR

During World War 2 there was a shortage of tractors in Sweden and this led to the invention of a new type of tractor called the EPA tractor (EPA was a chain of discount stores and it was often used to signify something of lacking in quality). An EPA tractor was simply an automobile, truck or lorry, with the passenger space cut off behind the front seats, equipped with two gearboxes in a row. When done to an older car with a ladder frame, the result was not dissimilar to a tractor and could be used as one.

After the war it remained popular, now not as a farm vehicle, but as a way for young people without a driver's license to own something similar to a car. Since it was legally seen as a tractor it could be driven from 16 years of age and only required a tractor license.

Later no new EPA tractors were allowed to be made, but the remaining were still legal, something that led to inflated prices and many protests from people that preferred EPA tractors to ordinary cars.

In March 31, 1975 a similar type of vehicle was introduced, the A tractor [from arbetstraktor (work tractor)]. The main difference is that A tractor has

a top speed of 30 km/h. This is usually done by fitting two gearboxes in a row and not using one of them. Volvo Duett was for a long time the primary choice for conversion to an EPA or A tractor, but, since supplies have dried up, other cars have been used, in most cases a Volvo.

Notes:

discount stores – дисконтные магазины

signify – означать

legal – законный

Exercise 4. Translate Text D without a dictionary:

Text D

A CRAWLER TRACTOR

A crawler tractor is a construction vehicle that moves on tracks instead of wheels.

The principal design advantages of tracked over wheeled vehicles are that they are in contact with a larger surface area than would generally be the case with a wheeled vehicle. The tracks spread the vehicle’s weight over a larger surface area, enabling the tractor to exert a lower force per unit area on the ground. This allows the tractor to safely traverse over moister, low friction, and uneven ground like rich soil, ice and snow, or mud. The principal disadvantage is that tracks are a more complex mechanism than a wheel, and relatively prone to failure modes such as snapped or derailed tracks.

A variety of attachments can be added to the crawler tractor thereby maximizing its usability. When a dozer blade is attached to the front of the crawler tractor it is commonly known as a "bulldozer". With a loader attachment, it becomes a crawler loader.

There are two main types of crawler tracks: “Christie suspension” uses oversized road wheels, laying the tracking on top of the wheels creating a banana-like appearance as the tracks droop after running over the driving wheel and idler. “Vickers suspension” uses smaller return rollers holding the track straight from the idler to the driving wheel, making the tracks look like a sideways D-shape.

Some specialist operations use vehicles equipped with very wide tracks called Low Ground Pressure(LGP) machines, such as for peat harvesting or bog work.

Other versions are fitted with attachments such as scraper boxes, or side mounted jibs and large counter weights to lift long lengths of pipe lines for installation, usually working in groups.

СЛОВАРНЫЙ МИНИМУМ

I СЕМЕСТРА

A

acceleration force [qk"selq'reIS(q)n fO:s] сила ускорения

accomplish [q'kOmplIS] v. выполнять, осуществлять

achieve [q'tSJv] v.достигать, получать, обеспечивать

activate['xktI"veIt] v.приводить в действие

actual['xktSVql] adj. фактический, действительный

actuate ['xktSV"eIt] v. приводить в действие

advanced[qd'vRnst] adj.передовой, развитый

advantage [qd'vRntIG] n. преимущество

affect[q'fekt] v. действовать (на что-л.)

align[q'laIn] v. выравнивать, регулировать

alignment [q'laInmqnt] n. выравнивание

allow [q'laV] n.делать возможным, обеспечивать

alloy ['xlOI] n. сплав

alter ['Lltq(r)] v. (из)менять(ся)

appliance [q'plaIqns] n.приспособление, устройство, оборудование

application ["xplI'keIS(q)] n. применение, приложение (силы); область применения

apply [q'plaI] v. применять, прикладывать

arm [Rm] n. рукоятка, стрела

arrangement [q'reInGmqnt] n. механизм, устройство, конструкция

assembly [q'semblI] n. агрегат, сборка

assist [q'sIst] v. содействовать, облегчать, помогать

attach [q'txtS] v. крепить

attachment [q'txtSmqnt] n. дополнительное навесное оборудование

auxiliary [Lg'zIljqrI] adj. вспомогательный

axle ['xks(q)l] n. ось

B

backhoe ['bxkhqV] n. экскаватор, обратная лопата

bale [beIl] n. брикет, прессованная кипа

ball joint шаровое соединение

bear [beq(r)] v. выдерживать

bearing ['beqrIN] n.подшипник

belt [belt] n.ремень

blade [bleId] n.лезвие, нож

bobcat ['bPbkxt] компактная строительно-погрузочная техника

body ['bPdI] n.корпус

boiler ['bOIlq(r)] n.котёл

break [breIk] v.ломать, разрушать

breaker ['breIkq(r)] n.брейкер, дробильщик

bucket ['bAkIt] n.ковш

bulldozer ['bVldqVzq] n.бульдозер, трактор или тягач с отвалом

bushing ['bVSIN] n.втулка, вкладыш

C

camshaft['kxm"SRft] n. распределительный вал

carry['kxrI] v. переносить, перевозить

carry overloads выдерживать перегрузки

caterpillar['kxtq"pIlq(r)] n. гусеница, гусеничный ход

chain [tSeIn] n. цепь

circular['sWkjVlq(r)] adj. круглый, круговой

classify['klxsIfaI] v. сортировать, группировать

claw[klL] n. гвоздодер, клещи; зубец; лапа

clutch [klAtS] n. сцепление

compact [kqm'pxkt] v. прессовать, трамбовать

compartment [kqm'pRtmqnt] n. отделение, отсек, кабина

complete [kqm'plJt] v. завершать; adj. полный, законченный

component [kqm'pqVnqnt] n. деталь, компонент

compress [kqm'pres] v. сдавливать

compression [kqm'preS(q)n] n. сжатие

compression stroke – ход сжатия

comprise [kqm'praIz] v. включать, содержать

concrete ['kPnkrJt] n. бетон

condition [kqn'dIS(q)n] n. условие, состояние

confine [kqn'faIn] v. ограничивать

conjunction [kqn'GANkS(q)n] n. соединение, связь

conservation of energy закон сохранения энергии

construction[kqn'strAkS(q)n]n. строительство

construction project строительный объект

consumption [kqn'sAmpS(q)n] n. расход, потребление

control [kqn'trqVl] v. управлять, регулировать

controls n. рычаги управления, пульт управления

convert [kqn'vWt] v. превращать

coupler ['kAplq(r)] n. сцепное, соединительное устройство

crankshaft['krxNk"SRft] n. коленчатый вал

crawler ['krLlq(r)] n. гусеничный ход, гусеница

crawler track гусеничный ход, гусеница

cross section поперечное сечение

curvature['kWvqtSq(r)] n. изгиб, кривизна

curve [kWv] n. кривая

cycle ['saIk(q)l] n. цикл, период, такт

D

debris ['debrJ] n. обрезки, мусор

decrease [dI'krJs] v. снижать, уменьшать

deliver [dI'lIvq(r)] v. вырабатывать, доставлять

demand [dI'mRnd] v. требовать, спрашивать

deposit [dI'pPzIt] v. класть

design [dI'zaIn] v. проектировать, конструировать; n.проект, конструкция

develop [dI'velqp] v. развивать, разрабатывать

device [dI'vaIs] n. устройство, прибор

dig [dIg] v. копать

direction [daI'rekS(q)n, dI-] n. направление

distribute [dI'strIbjHt] v. распределять

dozer [dqVzq(r)] n. бульдозер

drag [drxg] v. тянуть, тащить

draw [drL] v. волочить, тянуть

drive [draIv] n. привод, передача

driven gear ведомая шестерня

driver ведущий механизм

driving gear ведущая шестерня

dump truck самосвал

dumpcar ['dAmp"kR(r)] опрокидывающаяся тележка или вагонетка, думпкар

E

efficiency [I'fISqnsI] n. эффективность, производительность, кпд

elasticity [Ilxs'tIsItI] n. упругость, гибкость

employ [Im'plOI] v. употреблять, применять, использовать

empty ['emptI] v. опорожнять, высыпать

equip [I'kwIp] v. оснащать, оборудовать

equipment [I'kwIpmqnt] n. оборудование

excavate ['ekskq"veIt] v. выкапывать

exceed [Ik'sJd] v. превышать

exert [Ig'zWt] v. прилагать

exhaust stroke ход выпуска

expand [Ik'spxnd] v. расширять(ся), растягивать(ся), выдвигаться

external [Ik'stWn(q)l] adj. внешний, сторонний

F

fine grading ["faIn 'grqIdIN] планировка (грунта), профилирование (покрытия)

fit [fIt] v. устанавливать, соответствовать, оснащать, монтировать, подходить

fix [fIks] v. устанавливать

flat [flxt] adj. плоский

flat car безбортовой грузовик-платформа

flywheel ['flaIwJl] маховое колесо

follower ['fPlqVq]n.ведомый механизм

force [fLs] n. сила

foundation [faun'deISqn] n. основание, фундамент

frame [freIm] n. рама

friction ['frIkS(q)n] n. трение

fuel ['fjHql] n. топливо

function ['fANkS(q)n] v. действовать, работать

functional operation работа

G

gantry crane['gxntrI "krein] портальный или эстакадный кран, козловой кран

gear [gIq(r)] n. шестерня, передаточный механизм, привод

gear ratio ['reISIqV] передаточное число, коэффициент передачи

generator ['Genq"reItq(r)] n. генератор

glue [glH] n. клей; v. склеивать

grade [greId] v. выравнивать, профилировать(дорогу)

grappler ['grxplq] n. грейфер, грузозахватное приспособление

gravel ['grxv(q)l] n. гравий

groove[grHv] n. желобок, паз

H

handle ['hxnd(q)l] v. обращаться, грузить, транспортировать

heat [hJt] n. теплота

hoe [hqV] n. ковш экскаватора

housing ['haVzIN] n. корпус

hydraulic[haI'drLlIk] adj. гидравлический, водяной

I

ideal [aI'dJql] adj. теоретический

implement ['ImplImqnt]n. оборудование, устройство; ['ImplI"ment] v.выполнять, осуществлять

improve [Im'prHv] v. улучшать

in combination["kPmbI'neIS(q)n] вместе, во взаимодействии

in conjunction with [kqn'GANkS(q)n] во взаимосвязи с, совместно с

in the process при этом

incline [In'klaIn] v. наклонять(ся)

include [In'klHd] v. включать

incorporate [In'kLpq"reIt] v. включать в состав, объединять

increase [In'krJs] v. повышать(ся), возрастать

indexing ['IndeksIN] пошаговое перемещение

innovation["Inq'veIS(q)n] новаторские разработки

input force ["Input 'fLs] входное усилие, усилие на рычаг

input gear [gIq(r)] ведущая, первичная шестерня

install [In'stLl] v. устанавливать

intake stroke ход впуска

interface ['Intq"feIs] n. поверхность контакта

internal combustion engine двигатель внутреннего сгорания

item ['aItqm] n. предмет, деталь

J

jib crane ['GIb "kreIn] кран- укосина

join [GOIn] v. соединять

joint [GOInt] n. место соединения, соединение

L

length [leNT] n. длина, отрезок

lever['lJvq(r)] n. рычаг

linear motion ['lInIq(r) "mqVS(q)n] поступательное (прямолинейное) движение

link [lINk] n. звено, связь, соединение; v. соединять

load [lqVd] n. груз; v.грузить

loader ['lqVdq(r)] n. погрузчик, погрузочное приспособление, транспортер

loop [lHp] n. петля

loose [lHs] adj. рыхлый, сыпучий, неупакованный

loss [lPs] n. потеря

lubricate ['lHbrI"keIt] v. смазывать, увлажнять

M

machine [mq'SJn] n. механизм, машина

machine tool механический станок

machinery [mq'SJnqrI] n. машинное оборудование

maintain [meIn'teIn] v. поддерживать, сохранять

manufacture ["mxnju'fxktSq(r)] v. производить

match [mxtS] v. подходить, соответствовать

material [mq'tIqrIql] n. груз, сырье, товар

means [mJnz] n. средство

mechanics [mi'kxnIks] n. принцип действия

mechanism ['mekq"niz(q)m] n. механизм, техника

mesh [meS] n. зацепление, v.зацеплять

mobile machinery ["mqVbaIl mq'SJnqrI] транспортное машинное оборудование, транспортные средства

modify ['mPdI"faI] v. преобразовывать

monorail telpher ["mPnq(V)reIl 'telfq] монорельсовый тельфер

motion ['mqVS(q)n] n. движение

mount [maVnt] v. монтировать, устанавливать

move [mHv] v. двигать(ся), перемещать; n.шаг

movement ['mHvmqnt] n. движение

mover ['mHvq(r)] n. движущая сила, двигатель

N

normal force нормальная сила, осевая сила

O

operate ['Ppq"reIt] v. функционировать

operating cost стоимость эксплуатации

operating member исполнительный орган (механизма), управляющий элемент

operation ["Ppq'reIS(q)n] n. действие, цикл, работа

oscillation ["PsI'leIS(q)n] n. качание, колебание

output gear [gIq(r)] выходная, вторичная шестерня

overhead crane ["qVvq"hed 'kreIn] мостовой кран

P

pallet ['pxlIt] n.паллет, грузовой поддон

pave [peIv] v. мостить

paving ['peIvIN] мощение, асфальтовые работы

perform [pq'fLm] v.выполнять, совершать

performance [pq'fLmqns] n.производительность, параметры; работа

permit [pq'mIt] v.допускать, давать возможность

pile [paIl] n.куча, груда

pinion ['pInjqn] n.шестерня, меньшее зубчатоеколесо пары

plane [pleIn] n.плоскость

plate [pleIt] n. плита

pneumatic [njH'mxtIk] adj. пневматический, воздушный

point [pOInt] n. точка

polyurethane ["pPlI'jVqrq"Tein] n. пластик на основе полиуретана

positive drive ["pPzItiv'draIv] принудительная передача, жестский привод

power ['paVq(r)] v. приводить в действие, подавать питание; n.сила, мощность

power installation ["Instq'leIS(q)n] силовая установка

power machinery [mq'SJnqrI] машинное оборудование

power shovel ['SAv(q)l] экскаватор

power stroke [strqVk] рабочий ход

power tool [tHl] механический инструмент

power transmission [trxnz'mIS(q)n] механическая передача

precision machine [pri'sIZ(q)n] прецизионный (точный) механизм

predominant [prI'dPmInqnt] adj. преобладающий

pressure ['preSq(r)] n. давление

prevent [prI'vent] v. предотвращать, препятствовать

prime [praIm] adj. исходный, главный, основной

principal ['prInsIp(q)l] adj. основной, главный

produce [prq'djHs] v. вырабатывать, производить

product ['prPdAkt] n. результат, произведение (результат умножения)

propel [prq'pel] n. двигать вперед, приводить в движение

propulsion [prq'pAlS(q)n] n. движение, работа двигателя

provide [prq'vaId] v. обеспечивать, предусматривать

pull [pul] v. тянуть, тащить

pulley ['pulI] n. шкив

pulley face боковая сторона шкива

push [puS] v. толкать

Q

quarry ['kwPrI] n. карьер

R

rail [reIl] n. рельс

rate [reIt] n. норма, скорость

ratio ['reISIqV] n. отношение

reach [rJtS] v. достигать

realize ['rIqlaIz] v. выполнять, осуществлять

rear [rIq(r)] n.задняя сторона

reduce [rI'djHs] v. уменьшать

relative to ['relqtIv] по отношении к, относительно

removable [rI'mHvqb(q)l] adj. съемный, сменный

repair [rI'peq(r)] n. ремонт

replace [rI'pleIs] v. заменять

require [rI'kwaIq(r)] v. требовать

requirement [rI'kwaIqmqnt] n. требование, условие

resistance [rI'zIst(q)ns] n. сопротивление

restrict [rI'strIkt] v. ограничивать

retract [rI'trxkt] v. сжиматься, сокращаться

reverse [rI'vWs] n. задний или обратный ход

revolution ["revq'lHS(q)n] n. круговое вращение, полный оборот

rigid ['rIdZId] adj. жестский, недеформируемый

ripper ['rIpq(r)] n. рыхлитель, риппер

ripper shank [SxNk] стойка рыхлителя

roll [rqVl] v. катить(ся)

roller ['rqVlq(r)] n. каток

roller compactor [kqm'pxktq(r)] роликовый пресс

rope winch [rqVp'wIntS] канатная лебедка

rotate [rqV'teIt] вращаться

rotational speed число оборотов

rough [rAf] adj. неровный, пересеченный (о местности)

rubble ['rAb(q)l] n. каменный лом, щебень

run [rAn] v. работать, двигаться

running gear ["rAnIN'gIq(r)] ходовая часть

S

saving ['seIvIN] n. экономия

scoop [skHp] n. ковш

scoop(up) v. черпать, подбирать

scraper ['skreIpq(r)] n. скрепер (машина, предназначенная для послойной резки грунтов)

screw [skrH] n. винт

seat [sJt] n. сидение

secondary ['sekqndqrI] adj. вспомогательный, служебный

segment ['segmqnt] n. отрезок, часть; v. делить на части

selection [sI'lekS(q)n] n. выбор

self- dumping ["self'dAmpIN] самоопрокидывающийся

self- propelled ["selfprq'peld] самоходный

series ['sIqrJz] n. ряд, последовательное соединение

service ['sWvIs] n. служба, обслуживание; v. обслуживать

shaft [SRft] n. вал, ось

shape [SeIp] n. форма

shove [SAv] v. толкать, сдвигать

shovel ['SAv(q)l] n. лопата

side [saId] n. сторона

single force ["sINg(q)l'fLs] одиночное усилие, единичная силa

sink [sINk] v. оседать, погружаться

site [saIt] n. участок

size [saIz] n. размер

skid steer ["skId'stIq(r)] вилочный погрузчик, ковшовый погрузчик

slide [slaId] v. скользить;

n. скольжение

sliding distance ["slaIdIN'dIst(q)ns] путь трения

sliding interface ['Intq"feIs] граница полосы скольжения

slip [slIp] v. скользить; n.скольжение

slip off v. соскальзывать

smooth [smHD] adj. плавный, ровный, гладкий

solution [sq'lHS(q)n] n. выход, решение

solve [sPlv] v. решать, устранять (проблему)

source [sLs] n. источник

specific weight [spI"sIfIk'weIt] удельный вес

speed [spJd] скорость

speed ratio передаточное отношение

squash [skwPS] v. разминать, расплющивать

staple ['steIp(q)l] n. скоба; v.скреплять скобой

stationary ['steISqnerI] adj. малоподвижный, стационарный

steam engine ["stJm'endZIn] паровой двигатель

straight [streIt] adj. прямой; adv.прямо

stroke [strqVk] n. ход поршня

subdivide ['sAbdI'vaId] v. подразделять(ся)

substitute ['sabstI"tjHt] v. заменять, использовать вместо

suit [sjHt] v. удовлетворять требованиям, подходить, годиться

supply [sq'plaI] v. поставлять

support [sq'pLt] v. поддерживать

suspension [sq'spenS(q)n] n. подвеска

sustain [sq'steIn] v. выдерживать (нагрузку)

swivel ['swIv(q)l] v. вращаться, поворачиваться

T

tend to [tend] v. иметь тенденцию к

tension ['tenS(q)n] n. напряжение, натяжение

tilt [tIlt] v. наклонять, опрокидывать

timing ['taImIN] тактирование, распределение временных интервалов

timing belt ремень привода газораспределительного механизма

tool [tHl] n. инструмент

toothed [tHTt] зубчатый

torque [tLk] n. крутящий момент, скручивающее усилие

torque divider [dI'vaIdq(r)] раздаточная коробка, распределитель крутящего момента

touch [tAtS] v. соприкасаться

tow [tqV] v. тянуть, буксировать

tower crane ['taVq(r)"kreIn] башенный кран

track [trxk] n. гусеница (трактора)

trackless adj. ['trxklqs] безрельсовый

traction ['trxkS(q)n] n. тяга

traction engine трактор-тягач, тяговый двигатель

transfer [trxns'fW(r)] v. превращать, преобразовывать

transform [trxns'fLm] v. преобразовывать, трансформировать, превращать

transmission [trxnz'mIS(q)n] n. передача; трансмиссия, коробка передач

transmit [trxnz'mIt] v. передавать

travel ['trxv(q)l] v. двигаться, перемещаться; n. движение

tread [tred] n. протектор, гусеничная цепь

truck [trAk] n. грузовик

tungsten ['tANst(q)n] n. вольфрам

turn [tWn] v. поворачивать(ся), вращать(ся)

twist [twIst] v. крутить, скручивать

tyre ['taIq(r)] n. шина

V

v-belt ["vJ'belt] клиновой ремень

variable ['veqrIqb(q)l] adj. трансформируемый

vehicle ['vJIk(q)l] n. транспортное средство

versatility ["vWsq'tIlItI] n. многосторонность, универсальность

W

walking gear ["wLkIN'gIq(r)] шагающее ходовое оборудование

wear [weq(r)] n. износ, v. изнашиваться

wedge [wedZ] n. клин; v. вклиниваться, врезаться

wedging action заклинивание

weight [weIt] n. вес

weigh [weI] v. весить

weld [weld] v. сваривать, припаивать

wheel [wJl] n. колесо

Content

Unit 1 3

Grammar: Parts of Speech; The Structure of the Sentence; There+ be; Noun group.

Text A Machine 3

Text B Lever 8

Text C The Wheel And Axle 9

Unit 2 10

Grammar: Tenses, Active and Passive.

Text A Machine Parts 10

Text B Pulley 16

Text C Plain Bearing 16

Unit 3 18

Grammar: Modal Verbs; Degrees of comparison; Functions of “one” and “that”

Text A Belts 18

Text B Rack and Pinion 23

Text C Torque 23

Unit 4 25

Grammar: Complex Sentences; Sequence of Tenses.

Text A Power Installations of Construction Machinery 25

Text B Clutch 31

Text C Roller Chains 32

Unit 5 33

Grammar: Participle; Absolute Participle Construction

Text A Running Gear 33

Text B Engine Lubrication System 38

Text C A Power Shovel 39

Unit 6 41

Grammar: Gerund

Text A Backhoe Loader 41

Text B Wheel Tractor-Scraper 45

Text C Grader 45

Unit 7 48

Grammar: Infinitive; Infinitive Construction (Complex Object, Complex Subject)

Text A Bulldozer 48

Text B Bulldozer Modifications 53

Text C Continuous Track 53

Unit 8 55

Grammar: Revision

Text A Tractor 55

Text B Road Roller 57

Text C EPA Tractor 59

Text D A Crawler Tractor 60

Словарный минимум I семестр 61

Учебное задание

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Учебно-методическое пособие № 149

Составители: Данилова Людмила Рафкатовна

ПавловаТатьяна Николаевна

Компьютерная верстка И.А. Яблоковой