It then goes to the border of the fourth lumbar vertebra until here it finishes dividing into the left and right iliac arteries.

LESSON 15

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

I. Запомните произношение следующих слов: membraneous ['membrənəs] перепончатый anus ['einəs] задний проход pharynx ['ffriŋks] глотка esophagus [i'sɒfəgəs] пищевод pancreas ['pfŋkriəs]поджелудочная железа gland [glfnd] железа salivary ['sflivəri] слюнный duodenum [,dju:ə'di:nəm]двенадцатиперстная кишка jejunum [ei'eu:nəm] тощая кишка ileum ['iliəm] подвздошная кишка(илеум) caecum ['si:kəm] слепая кишка colon ['kəυlən] ободочная кишка, толстая кишка rectum ['rektəm] прямая кишка

II. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания: alimentary [,fli'mentəri] a пищеварительный mouth [maυθ] n рот stomach ['stAmək] n желудок intestine [in'testin] n кишечник, кишка; small intestineтонкий

кишечник; large intestine толстый кишечник gallbladder ['gɔ:l,blfdə] n жёлчный пузырь important [im'p;tənt] а важный, значительный tongue [tAŋ] n язык; coated tongue обложенный язык palate ['pflit] n нёбо; soft palate мягкое нёбо; hard palate твердое нёбо also [';lsəυ] adv тоже, также food [fu:d]n пища, питание; пищевые продукты through [θru:] prp через, сквозь, по portion ['рɔ:ʃn] n часть;отдел; доля, порция measure ['me3ə] n мера; v измерять tube [tju:b] n труба; трубка; тюбик

III. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

The lower portion of the stomach, let me see your tongue, the intestines are in the abdominal cavity, to measure the length of the bone, the tongue was coated.

IV. Переведите следующие предложения:

The soft palate is a continuation of the soft tissues covering the hard palate. 2. The small intestine composed of three main portions is a thin-walled muscular tube. 3. The weight of the largest of the salivary glands is 28 g. 4. The liver consists of small lobules (дольки) connected together by connective tissue, different vessels and nerves. 5. The duodenum is called so because its length measures about the length of twelve fingers. 6. The liver consisting of lobes is covered with a fibrous coat.

V. Укажите предложения, в которых one, that употребляются как заменители имен существительных. Переведите эти предложения:

One of the lungs has three lobes, the other one only two. 2. The brain of the man is heavier than that of any lower animal. 3. That portion of the alimentary tract which forms the large intestine consists, of caecum, colon and rectum. 4. The valve that separates the atrium and the ventricle of the right chamber is called the tricuspid valve.

VI. 1. Прочтите текст Е. 2. Выпишите из текста названия органов.

3. Дайте последовательно названия всех частей пищеварительного тракта. 4. Составьте вопросы к тексту по следующей модели:

What comes above (below) the stomach?

Text E. The Alimentary Tract

The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8½ m (metres) in length. It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.

The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is the organ of taste (вкуса). The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity.

From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.

The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. It measures about 21-25 cm (centimetres) in length, 8-9 cm in its greatest diameter. It has a capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 1 (litres).

The small intestine is a thin-walled muscular tube about 6.5 m long. It is located in the middle portion of the abdominal cavity. The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

The large intestine is about 1.5 m long. It is divided into caecum, colon and rectum.

The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm.

The gallbladder is a hollow sac (мешок) lying on the lower surface of the liver.

The pancreas is a long thin gland lying behind the stomach.

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

VII. Translate these sentences and define the part of speech of the words in bold type:

The left atrium and ventricle connected by the mitral valve form the left chamber of the heart. 2. The operation made on the diseased joints restored the health of the patient. 3. The main inner organs included in the thoracic cavity are the heart and lungs. 4. The blood carried through the veins from the trunk, head and extremities to the right atrium is called venous.

VIII. Say what organ is spoken about:

This organ is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm in the right side of the abdomen. Its upper surface is convex. This organ consists of small lobules connected together by connective tissue, different vessels and nerves.

This organ is pyriform (грушевидный) in shape. It is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. The liver is above this organ, and the colon is below it. The pancreas is behind this organ.

IX. Combine the adjectives with the proper nouns given below. Translate your word combinations: