To leave, to go, to see, to live, to fly, to die

1. I didn’t read the text in class because I … my book at home.

2. The children didn’t want to go to the cinema because they ... already ... the film.

3. Kate wasn’t at home last week because she ... to visit her uncle.

4. Linda never knew her father because he ... before she was born.

5. I was excited when the plane took off because I... never ... before.

6. My grandfather was always afraid of animals because he ... never ... in the country.

Exercise 117.Complete the sentences using Past Perfect.

1. I watched a new film after…

2. I went for a walk after…

3. I fell asleep after…

4. I began to read a book after…

5. I helped my mother about the house after…

6. I administered the drug after…

7. I started the experiment after…

Exercise118. Put the verbs in the brackets in the appropriate tense.

1. The patient (to be) under medical care before the surgeon (to begin) the operation.

2. They (to isolate) some strains of this virus before they (to start) a new set of experiments.

3. My experiments (to fail) because I (choose) the wrong method.

4. The patient (to sleep) well before the nurse (to come).

5. We (to accumulate) certain experience before we (to decide) to perform this operation.

6. I (to publish) seven articles by the end of last year.

7. The assistant (to disinfect) the instruments before the operation began.

8. We (to perform) numerous experiments before we published new data on the main functions of leucocytes.

Exercise 119.Translate from Russian into English.

1. Ветеринар пришел к 5 часам. 2. Студенты осмотрели больное животное до того, как пришел врач. 3. Помощник приготовил инструменты до того, как началась операция. 4. Мы опубликовали статью после того, как провели эксперимент. 5. К концу месяца мы закончили наше исследование. 6. Я пошел гулять с собакой после того, как накормил ее. 7. Студенты изучали биологию до того, как начали изучать биохимию. 8. Мы перевели статью к четвергу. 9. Мы обнаружили определенные изменения в тканях после того, как провели исследование.

Сравните Past Perfect, Past Continuous и Past Simple:

Past Perfect	Past Continuous	Past Simple
Действие в прошлом, которое произошло ранее другого прошлого действия.	Длительное действие в прошлом, которое может прерываться другим действием в прошлом.	Действия в прошлом, которые следуют одно за другим.
They had eaten dinner when their friends came.	They were eating dinner when their friends came.	They ate dinner and went for a walk.

Exercise 120.Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Continuous.

1. They … (walk) in the park when the storm broke.

2. Andy was glad to hear that he … (pass) the exam.

3. The doctor … (examine) our dog yesterday.

4. The doctor … (examine) our dog when it started barking.

5. The doctor … (examine) our dog and administered the drug.

6. We … (clean) the instruments before the operation began.

7. I … (make) a report when somebody came into the class.

8. He felt terrible because he … (have) a heart attack.

9. I knew that the patient … (suffer) from pneumonia.

10. He understood that microorganisms … (enter) the animal’s body through the digestive tract.

Exercise 121.Translate the sentences paying attention to the tense of the predicate.

1. The patient had restored his health by the end of September.

2. The patient had had a flu before they took him to the clinic.

3. He had undergone medical therapy before the operation.

4. The doctor had observed an unusual case of mitral valve disease (аномалия митрального клапана) before he reported on it at the conference.

5. I had read the book by the end of semester.

6. The students had finished their practice by October.

7. Two pigs had shown some symptoms of indigestion by the end of the week.

8. The assistant had given water to the sick animal before the vet came to the farm.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

will have + Past Participle

Утвердительная форма I will have seen (I’ll have seen) We’ll have seen You’ll have seen They’ll have seen He’ll have seen	Отрицательная форма I won’t have seen We won’t have seen You won’t have seen They won’t have seen He won’t have seen
Вопросительная форма
Will I have seen?	Will we have seen?
Will you have seen?
Will he (she) have seen?	Will they have seen?

Future Perfect Tenseупотребляется:

для обозначения действия, завершенного к определенному моменту в будущем (с предлогом by)	By this time next week they will have left the town.
для выражения будущего действия, которое завершится раньше, чем другое действие в будущем	I hope you will have recovered before I return from my leave.

Exercise 122.Put the verbs in the brackets in the Future Perfect Tense.

1. Phone me after 8 o’clock. We (finish) dinner by then.

2. Tim is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like this, he (spend) all his money before the end of his holiday.

3. By next month I (be) in Moscow for exactly one year.

4. By the end of the trip, she (travel) more than 3,000 miles.

5. I hope I (buy) my own flat by the time I’m thirty-five.

6. When you come on Friday she (type) your article.

Exercise 123.Complete the sentences using Future Perfect of the verbs in the box.

to be, to leave, to make, to cook, to finish, to translate, to learn, to have

1. Helen … this pretty doll by her daughter’s birthday.

2. Steven … his lesson by tomorrow.

3. I … student for 7 years by next September.