Translate the following article from English into Russian.
Newer gene transfer techniques are electro- and chemical poration, microinjection, and bioballistics.
Microinjection
Other methods do not rely on biological vectors like plasmids and viruses. One of these is called microinjection and involves simply injecting genetic material containing the new gene into the recipient cell. Where the cell is large enough, as many plant and animal cells are, the injection can be done with a fine-tipped glass needle. Somehow the injected genes find the host cell genes and incorporate themselves among them.
Electro- and Chemical Poration
Other methods for direct gene transfer involve creating pores or holes in the cell membrane to allow entry of the new genes. This can be done by bathing cells in solutions of special chemicals—so-called chemical poration—or subjecting cells to a weak electric current—so-called electroporation.
| Over to you |
Discuss in pairs or small groups the answers to following questions
- What is horizontal gene transfer, and why is it dangerous?
- What are the possible applications of recombinant- DNA techniques?
Prepare a presentation on the topic
·Experiments in Cloning. Are Humans Next
THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GM FOOD
| Vocabulary |
1. Match the words with their definitions:
| 10) consumption (n.) | a) fit to be eaten | |
| 11) improve (v.) | b) easily to be afflicted by | |
| 12) fertilizer (n.) | c) an indication of imminent harm, danger, or pain | |
| 13) tolerate (v.) | d) a group of organisms within a species or variety, distinguished by one or more minor characteristics | |
| 14) edible (adj.) | e) sufficient to be easily seen, measured, or noticed | |
| 15) threat (n.) | f) expenditure on goods and services for final personal use | |
| 16) susceptible (adj.) | g) to be able to bear; put up with | |
| 17) strain (n.) | h) to make or become better in quality; | |
| 18) appreciable (adj.) | i) any substance, such as manure or a mixture of nitrates, added to soil or water to increase its productivity |
| Listening |
You are going to listen to the interview with an owner of a restaurant in San Francisco. Before you listen, in groups discuss your answers to the following questions. When you have finished, talk together, compare your answers and try to persuade each other to see your point of view.
- In buying fruits and vegetables, which is more important: taste, texture, color, nutritional value, price, or shelf life? Why?
- Have you ever eaten food that was genetically engineered? What did it look like? What did it taste like?
2. Listen to the interview. Find the answers to the following question:
- Is Joyce Goldstein more in favor of or more against genetically engineered food?
3. Read the statements for Part 1. Then listen to Part 1 and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write T or F next to each statement.
Part 1
- Genetically designed tomatoes are now available in the supermarket.
- Genetically engineered sheese can now be purchased.
- World hunger may be halped with genetically engineered food.
- Last week 1000 chefs decided not to serve genetically engineered food.
- Special labeling is required for genetically engineered food.
- Goldstein owns a restaurant in San Francisco.
Repeat the same procedure for Part 2-4
Part 2
Goldstein believes…
- The genetically engineered tomato is being produced for flavor.
- The use of fish genes in tomatoes is a good idea.
- These foods should ne thoroughly tested and labeled before they are sold.
Part 3
According to Goldstein…
- “progress” os our enemy.
- The methods of the old days were better than those today.
- Genetically bred roses are very beautiful and smell good.
- Restaurants shouldn’t serve genetically engineered food until it is tested.
- We should about corporate profit.
- People who don’t understand her boycott wouldn’t be welcome to eat in her restaurant
- The Food and Drug Administration does a good job of regulating these foods.
Part 4
According to Goldstein…
- Pesticide residue in foods is a problem.
- Genetic manipulation of foods to reduce their dependence on pesticides is a good thing.
- The crossing of trout with tomatoes is a good thing.
- Genetic experimentation should work on improving the taste of foods.
- What is good for agribusiness is generally good for consumer.
- Consumers are given the information they need in purchasing food.
| Before you read |
1. You are going to read an article about genetically modified foods. Discuss with your partner the following questions.