Danny Decides to Try His Luck

to go straight to; second hand gents' clothiers; first come, first served; full of customers; the owner; to have a busy time; to deal with the rush of customers; to give instructions (to); to attend to things personally; employees; to hurry to serve a customer; "What can I do for you, sir?"; with seeming indifference; not to attract attention to oneself; to ask for smth in tweed (worsted); would rather; to smb's taste; to be the smartest wear (for); to fit like a glove; to be full of admiration (for); to follow the owner's instructions

The Bargain Jacket

a lounge suit; to try on; to hang loosely; to fit smb badly; to pass one's hand stealthily over smth; to be on the safe side; to catch one's breath; to make an effort to hide one's excitement; to clear one's throat; to be unable to speak; to ask for the price; to pay up without bargaining; to hurry away; to hold the parcel close to oneself; cannot help feeling excited; black leather wallet; to count the money with shaking hands; to stammer; to be the making of smb; to imagine; a bright future; big business; to be in luck

Mr. Black's Way of Doing Business

to own; a second-hand shop; to deal (in); to make (much, little) money; to work out a plan; not to be particular (about); a bright idea; to get rid of old things; to fool the customers; to be no fool; to play a trick (on); to be highly pleased with oneself; to have a rush of customers; to deal (with); to write 1,000 dollar letters; to send one's son to 'lose' the letters; to sell out everything; to be satisfied with; to employ a new method in one's work

The Fatal Mistake

an employee; to work for smb; from morning till night; to be rushed off one's feet; to be afraid of losing one's job; to know the owner to be a hard man; to deal with; to be tired; hungry; to hear the cry "Ralph, be sharp!"; to be eager to please; to sell smth by mistake; to discover the awful truth; to be frightened; to be badly shaken; to be terribly up­set; to have to return the money to the owner; to pay a heavy price

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

The Infinitive (continued)

Complex Subject

I. with the verbs "to seem", "to appear"*

Ex. 21. Study the following chart, translate the sentences into Russian.

He	seems appears	to read a lot (His knowledge is/was surprising). to be reading something funny. (Look at him. He is smiling all the time. As he read he was smiling all the time). to have read the letter already (He looks/looked sad). to have been reading since morning (for a whole day, etc.). to be given information regularly. to have been toldthe news.
seemed appeared

Ex. 22. Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the infinitive, translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He seems ... books tor a whole hour (to choose). 2. He didn't an­swer at once. He seemed ... his Unoai. (j.o clear). 3. You always seem ... your things all around the place (to leave). 4. She looks sad. She appears ... the news (to learn). 5. She didn't seem ... at me but at somebody be­hind (to look). 6. She heard the remark, but she didn't appear ... (to hurt). 7. He appears ... the same suit the whole year (to wear). 8. She didn't seem ... in the problem (to interest). 9. He seems ... with his new job (to fail). 10. The letter doesn't seem ... him (to reach). 11. They seem ... this method for years (to use). 12. Why did he rush away so suddenly? He seems ... some business to attend to (to have).

Ex. 23. Paraphrase the following sentences using a complex subject according to the model

M o d e l: (a) It seems (appears) that she knows everything about it.

She seems (appears) to know everything about it.

(b) He apparently* did not know it.

He didn't seem (appear) to know it.

1. He was apparently enjoying the concert. 2. It seemed that he had lost interest in the subject. 3. Apparently he was particular about his food. 4. It seemed that the house hadn't been lived in for a long time. 5. It seemed that she had never tasted this fruit. 6. It appeared that they were hardly able to make both ends meet. 7. It doesn't seem that custom­ers are served here properly. 8. It seems that he has been collecting stamps since he was a boy. 9. He was silent for a moment. It seemed that he was searching his memory. 10. It appears that he is not fit for the job. 11. It seems that you have been working hard lately. 12. Appar­ently they didn't notice us. 13. It seemed that she had managed the job well enough. 14. It seemed that they were all talking at once. 15. It seemed that there was no risk in asking him the question. 16. It appeared that he had been approached on the subject. 17. It seemed that the job was risky.

Ex. 24. Translate the following sentences using a complex subject with the verbs "to seem" or "to appear".

1. Все, казалось, было в полном порядке. 2. Кажется, ее брат копит деньги на автомашину. 3. Похоже на то, что они использова­ли эти сведения. 4. Он долго молчал. По-видимому он был потрясен новостью. 5. Похоже на то, что этот факт уже был упомянут. 6. Она, кажется, очень привередлива в еде. 7. Его родители, по-видимому, живут здесь давно. 8. Кажется, она посещала все лекции. 9. У нее, по-видимому, хороший вкус. 10. Вероятно, преподаватель был не­удовлетворен ее ответом. 11. Мне кажется, что я где-то уже слышал это имя. 12. По-видимому, этот костюм был сделан на заказ. Он очень хорошо сидит на нем. 13. Я что-то не помню вас. 14. Кажется, она перемерила десять костюмов, и ни один, по-видимому, не годится ей. 15. Похоже на то, что он опять не сдал экзамен. 16. Казалось, в доме никого не было. 17. Врач не сразу ответил. Казалось, он подыскивал нужные слова.

Ex. 25. Answer the following questions according to the model.

M o d e l I. Does this coat fit you?

(a) It seems (appears) to. It seems (appears) to fit me very well.

(b) It doesn't seem (appear) to. It doesn't seem to fit me at all.

1. Does he remember her? 2. Was he satisfied with your report? 3. Have you heard of him before? 4. Was there any risk in giving him this job? 5. Is he easy to deal with? 6. Did I upset your plans? 7. Does she know⁷ how to deal with the situation? 8. Is he particular about what he wears? 9. He wasn't easy to deal with, was he?

M o d e l II. Why don't people want to work with him?

(to be hard to deal with)

He seems (appears) to be hard to deal with.

1. Why wasn't he listening attentively to what the speaker was say­ing? (not to be interested in the subject) 2. Why did she buy a blue dress? (to be her colour) 3. Why did he fail in history? (not to attend the lectures) 4. Why does she look so pale? (not to be well) 5. Why didn't he buy the picture? (not to be in his taste) 6. Why did they raise this question? (to be mentioned by somebody)

II. with the verb "to happen"*

Ex. 26. Paraphrase the following sentences using a complex subject with the verb "to happen".

Model: (a) It so happened that I was out when he called.

I happened to be out when he called.

(b) We were there by chance. We happened to be there.

1. It so happened that I took the wrong turning. 2. Do you, by any chance, know where I can find him? 3. It so happened that I had no money on me. 4. We were quite by chance picked up by a passing car. 5. It so happened that they missed the five о'clock train. 6. Do you, by any chance, know where such things are sold? 7. It so happened that they picked the wrong person for the job. 8. It so happened that the book dealt with a problem that interested me very much.

Ex. 27. Translate the following sentences using a complex subject with the verb "to happen".

1. Вы, случайно, не знаете причину его отсутствия? 2. Нам уже случалось иметь дело с такими людьми. 3. Мы случайно встретились с ним незадолго до его болезни. 4. Случилось так, что они останови­лись в той же гостинице. 5. Если вы случайно встретите его, скажите ему, что он мне очень нужен. 6. Случилось так, что мы попали под дождь и промокли до нитки. 7. Однажды нам довелось попасть в метро в часы пик. Мы с трудом выбрались.

III. with the verb "to turn out"*

Ex. 28. Complete the following sentences using a complex subject with the verb "to turn out" (make use of the list in tne right-hand column).

M o d e l: They picked him for the job but he ...

but he turned out to be quite unfit for it.

1. The parcel was wrapped in what I thought to be a newspaper, but when I opened it, it .... 2. They had been looking forward to the party but when it came, it ... . 3. The parents were against their marriage but the man .... 4. They employed him for the job and he ... . 5. At first nobody liked him but he ... . 6. She bought me the coat not being sure of the size, but it... . 7. I couldn't get him on the telephone, it ... . 8. I didn't expect much from the film but it .... 9. He had always been proud of the picture but it .... 10. We took what we thought the shortest way, but it ... .

to be exactly my size, to be the best clerk they had ever had, to be an ideal husband for their daughter, to be dull and un-interesting, to be out of order, to be the longer, to be a page from a magazine, to be worthless, to be a nice person, to be quite thrilling

I. Ex. 29. Translate the following sentences using a complex subject withthe verb "to turn out".

l. Bce думали, что он просто простудился, а болезнь оказалась серьезной. 2. Деревня, где мы решили провести отпуск, оказалась тихим и милым уголком. 3. Он поехал на юг, но климат оказался вред­ным для его здоровья. 4. Книга оказалась такой интересной, что я прочел ее в один день. 5. Гостиница, где мы остановились, оказалась очень комфортабельной. 6. Мои новые соседи оказались очень прият­ными людьми. 7. Язык книги оказался трудным, и он не смог прочи­тать ее. 8. Его подход к решению проблемы оказался более простым. 9. Его ответ оказался правильным.

IV. with the phrases "to be sure (certain)", to be (un)likely"*

Ex. 30. Paraphrase the following sentences using a complex subject with the phrase "to be sure/certain", "to be (un)likely".

M o d e l: (a) He surely (certainly) will go hunting.

He is sure to go hunting.

(b) It is not very likely that he will come in time.

He is not likely (is unlikely) to come in time.

1. It was not likely that he would take the risk. 2. Is it likely that t will rain today? 3. The firm has a new rush of orders. It is certain that the management will employ more people to do the work. 4. Surely a washing machine in the house will save a lot of time and effort. 5. It's likely that the mild climate of Estonia will do him a lot of good. 6. Surely he is easy to deal with. 7. It was unlikely that this wet weather would keep long. 8. It's certain that they have made use of this information. 9. Surely the teacher will be satisfied with your report. 10. It's most unlikely that you will find her in at this hour.

Ex. 31. Answer the following questions using a complex subject accord­ing to the model, make use of the suggestions in brackets. Give your reasons.

M o d e l: Do you think Peter will come in time? (to be sure to)

He is sure to. Peter is sure to come in time. Don't you know

Peter? He is so punctual.

1. Do you think the weather will change for the better? (to be unlikely) 2. Do you think she knows him well enough to turn to him for help? (not to seem; to happen) 3. Do you think the management will employ more people to do the work? (to be likely) 4. Do you think she is saving money for a vacation at the sea side? (to be certain) 5. Do you suppose she has seen the doctor already? (to seem) 6. Do you believe size 48 will fit him? (to be likely) 7. Do you think he is hard to deal with? (to appear) 8. Do you believe he will come to pick us up in his car? (to be likely)

Ex. 32. Translate the following sentences using a complex subject.

1. Если вы не поторопитесь, вы, наверняка, попадете в часы пик. 2. Вряд ли разумный человек пойдет на такой риск. 3. Он, наверня­ка, знает, как вести себя в подобных ситуациях. 4. Вероятно, старший инженер уйдет с этой работы. Он не находит ее достаточно интерес­ной. 5. Вряд ли вы ее застанете дома в это время. 6. Докладчик, на­верняка, использует эти факты в своем выступлении. 7. Наверняка, пальто будет ей впору. 8. Она придает большое значение одежде. Вряд ли она будет покупать готовые вещи. 9. Вы, непременно, най­дете там новых друзей.

V. with the verbs "to make, to tell, to order, to allow"*

Ex. 33. Paraphrase the following sentences using a complex subject according to the model.

M o d e l: Theymade him understand that his behaviour was not too nice.

He was made to understand that his behaviour was not too nice.

1. Theymade him fill up a form. 2. The teacherordered the children to leave the boy alone. 3. They neverallowed us to play noisy games. 4. Theytold us to follow the instructions carefully. 5. I never had a minute to myself. Mother alwaysmade me look after the younger broth­ers and sisters. 6. Theywill allow us to leave as soon as we finish our compositions. 7. Sheordered the children to go to bed. 8. The boatman told the young people to be very careful while crossing the lake.

Ex. 34. Translate the following sentences into English using a complex subject with the verbs "to make, to tell, to order, to allow".

1. Маленьким детям не разрешается смотреть телевизор после восьми часов. 2. Его нужно заставить заниматься музыкой более серьезно. 3. Нас попросили (нам велели) остаться до конца собрания. 4. Студентам не разрешается курить в классных аудиториях. 5. Им было приказано вернуться немедленно. 6. Ему разрешили просмот­реть все книги на полках, и он нашел то, что искал. 7. Ее заставили изменить свое решение.

VI. with the verbs "to know, to believe, to suppose, to expect, to say, to report"*

Ex. 35. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the way the complex subject is translated.

1. This small town is known to have once been the capital of the country. 2. The storm is reported to be moving South. 3. They are sup­posed to know these things. 4. She is known to be particular about her looks. 5. The new secretary is expected to save us a lot of trouble. 6. The lakes there are believed to be full of fish. 7. She is said to have once been a beautiful woman. 8. The first performance of Chekhov's "Sea­gull" («Чайка») is known to have been a failure. 9. It was believed to be a turning point in his career. 10. The delegation is reported to have arrived. 11. She is supposed to deal with such things. 12. He is said to be a great admirer of modern art. 13. The prices in Great Britain are reported to have risen again. 14. He is said to have once risked his life to save somebody. 15. He was not expected to take any risks.

MIXED BAG

Ex. 36. Translate the following sentences using a complex subject.

1. Мне не приходилось (не случалось) иметь дело с такими веща­ми. 2. Дети, кажется, получили большое удовольствие от путешествия. 3. Необходимо заставить всех молодых специалистов посещать эти лекции. 4. Вероятно, самолет прибудет с опозданием. 5. Казалось, он следил за каждым моим движением (шагом). 6. Детям не разре­шается играть на мостовой. 7. Проблема оказалась более трудной, чем мы думали. 8. Кажется, они не знают, как справиться с этой про­блемой. 9. Вряд ли он будет рисковать. 10. Его придется заставить объяснить свое странное поведение. 11. Случилось так, что мы рабо­тали под руководством одного и того же профессора. 12. По-видимо­му, этот преподаватель работает здесь давно. 13. Отец, казалось, не был удивлен нашим неожиданным приездом. 14. Давайте позвоним ему. Он, наверняка, знает ее точный адрес. 15. Вряд ли профессор будет удовлетворен результатами эксперимента. 16. Они, кажется, помирились. 17. Они, наверняка, примут участие в игре. 18. Дело, казалось, было забыто.

Ex. 37. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Infinitive.

A few months after Arthur Ainslie had lost his job he came home and found that his wife was giving tea to a round-faced man. They appeared (to have) a good time.

"Good Lord, it's Dicky Soames!" cried Arthur.

Dicky Soames was his wife's cousin who was known (to be) in love with Adela once. But Adela married Arthur and Dicky Soames went to Melbourne to join his — and Adela's — uncle. Arthur and Adela were quite happy, but Arthur still continued hating Dicky though there was no reason for it.

Twice in the past year the Ainslies had got letters from Dicky. And each time, though Arthur knew that the letters were (to hand) to Adela, he tore them to pieces and threw them into the fire without reading them. He did not want Adela (to disturb) by Dicky's letters, so he ex­plained it to himself at the time.

Arthur and Dicky shook hands.

"I hope you have had a nice chat," Arthur said.

Dicky laughed, "Well, it was I who've been talking all the time.

You see, I am here because I have some business (to discuss) with your

wife."

Adela looked at her husband. "Uncle Tom is dead," she explained, "and Dicky has come into money." Then she turned to her cousin: "Tell Arthur the rest."

Dicky for some reason or other seemed (to be uncomfortable). He cleared his throat several times before he said: "Uncle Tom left Adela 5,000."

"But that is marvellous!" Arthur said. "You don't know what that means to us. How kind of Uncle Tom (to think) of us."

Arthur was too delighted (to notice) that Dicky looked still more uncomfortable, but now he noticed it at last. "Why, what's the matter?" he asked.

"Well, you see," Dicky said, "when Uncle Tom got paralyzed he began to get funny. He was very angry with Adela that she had never answered the two letters I wrote to her for him. You know how particu­lar old people are about such things. He said he expected his letter (to answer), and changed his will, leaving Adela's part to hospitals. Shortly before his death I spoke to him again saying that the will needed (to rewrite), but he said he was too weak (to trouble) with such matters or (to tell) what to do and he did not want the will (to change)."

Dicky stopped and gave Arthur a look that made him (to feel) quite weak. "It's strange about those two letters. I've often wondered what happened to them."

Arthur's face was as white as paper. Adela faced Dicky: "They were sure (to lose) in the post," and she took her husband's ice-cold hand. At that moment Arthur realized that she knew everything.

(after "Lost in the Post" by Austin Philips)

For-Complexes

Ex. 38. Study the following chart, translate the sentences into Russian.

Subject	1. It is necessary for you to go through a special test if you want to work in this laboratory. 2. It's almost time for the party to start. 3. It's all very well for you to laugh but I was really frightened.
Predicative	1. The best thing is for you to move to the South. 2. The question is not for you to decide.
Object Attribute	1. I am waiting for you to say something on the subject. 2. There is no need for you to leave so early.
Adverbial modi­fier of purpose	1. He repeated it twice for everybody to under­stand him. 2. He opened the doors of the car for us to get in.
Adverbial modi­fier of result	1. The weather was too cold for the children to go out. 2. The article is easy enough for you to translate it without a dictionary.

Ex. 39. Practise the following according to the model, watch the change in meaning.

M o d e l: There was nothing to do there. (I)

There was nothingfor me to do there.

1. I think it will be dangerousto go to the Crimea in this old car. (we) 2. He has reached the age when it is necessaryto think of the fu­ture. (he) 3. The idea was not clear enoughto understand (the young people). 4. My advice isto keep away from colds, (you) 5. There was nothingto argue about (they). 6. It was a reasonable remarkto make.(she) 7. The best thing is to send them a telegram. (I) 8. It was an expens­ive presentto buy. (she) 9. There was no reasonto get worried. (I) 10. Here's an exampleto follow. (everybody)

Ex. 40. Paraphrase the following sentences using f or-complexes.

1. We remained at the station and waitedtill the storm passed.2. He stepped asideso that I might pass. 3. Here is a bookthat you will always keep on your writing-desk. 4. The best thingthat you can do is to employ a real specialist to do the job. 5. The climb was too dangerous. We could not risk our lives. 6. This is a matterthat you must attend topersonally. 7. The only thingthat he could do was to burn the old rub­bish. 8. There was too little time left.I couldn't think over the situation.I had to take steps. 9. That day there was no businessthat I had to at­tend to. 10. The streets were too busy.We couldn't drive fast. 11. We are sorry.You are leaving the seaside too soon. 12. A womanshould be always dressed in good taste. It's important. 13. The task is thatcus­tomers should be served well. 14. We stopped the busso that the tour­ists might get on. 15. He held the door opento let her come in. 16. I stood there waitingwhen the door would open.

Ex. 41. Translate the following sentences using for-complexes.

1. Задача слишком сложна, чтобы вам справиться с ней одному. 2. У него очень хорошая память. Ему достаточно только раз упомя­нуть слово, и он запомнит его на всю жизнь. 3. Он попросил, чтобы ему выслали книги почтой. 4. Им необходимо отдохнуть, чтобы быть в хорошей форме на соревнованиях. 5. Тебе хорошо говорить, что я справлюсь с этой работой, а я не очень в этом уверен. 6. Поездка слишком интересная, чтобы нам ее упускать. 7. Они ждали, когда им подадут обед. 8. Для них было обычным делом подвозить людей, идущих на ярмарку. 9. Тебе нет необходимости работать так много и рисковать здоровьем.

Ex. 42. Test Translation.

1. В нашей стране гарантируется полная занятость, у нас нет безработицы. 2. Вы читали книгу Джона Рида “Десять дней, которые потрясли мир”? Если нет, то советую прочитать ее. Она вам обяза­тельно понравится. 3. Не спешите прочитать эту книгу. Ее надо читать очень внимательно. Из нее можно почерпнуть много полезного. 4. Этим летом на озере Байкал ожидается большой наплыв туристов. 5. Мы заметили, что вдали горел костер и поспешили туда, к людям, согреться. 6. Он, кажется, сделал все возможное, чтобы спасти поло­жение. 7. Задание было довольно трудным, и мы не ожидали, что он так быстро справится с ним. 8. Советую вам обратиться к секретарю. Он скажет, кто именно занимается этими вопросами. 9. Вы не будете возражать, если я задержу этот журнал еще на два-три дня? Я нашел в нем массу полезных сведений. 10. К сожалению нам не удалось побывать на выставке его работ. Она закрылась за два дня до нашего приезда. 11, Казалось, он был чем-то расстроен. Вероятно, результаты опыта оказались неудовлетворительными. 12. Трудно сказать, поче­му он безразлично отнесся к нашему приглашению. 13. Разве ты не видишь, что костюм не твоего размера? Он тебе совсем не годится, слишком велик. 14. Экономьте свое время! Пользуйтесь услугами магазинов самообслуживания.

SPEECH EXERCISES

Ex. 43. Retell in narrative form.

CARRIE IS LOOKING FOR WORK

An office boy approached Carrie: "Who is it you'd like to see?" he asked.

"I want to see the manager," she said.

"Sit down," and he pointed to a chair against the wall. After a short time a gentleman cane in from the street.

"Mr. McManus," called the office boy, "this young woman wants to see you."

The short gentleman turned towards Carrie: "How do you do."

"How do you do."

"What can I do for you. Miss?" he asked.

"I want to know if I can get a position."

"As what?"

"As nothing in particular."

"Are you a stenographer or a typist?"

"No, sir."

"Well, we haven't anything here,"he said. "We employ only exper­ienced help."*

Carrie began to step backward toward the door when something in her face attracted him.

"Have you tried the big department stores?"

She said she had not.

"Well, try the department stores. They often need clerks."

"Thank you. Good bye," said Carrie and went away.

(after "Sister Carrie" by Th. Dreiser)

Ex. 44. Answer the following questions. Sum up your answers.

Making a Fire is Art

1. Why isn't it allowed to burn camp fires in town? 2. Where is it safe to make a fire? 3. What wood is best for a fire? What wood burns better: dry or green wood? 4. How many matches do you strike to make a fire? Do you happen to know how many matches a regular tourist is expected to use? 5. How do you put out a fire? Do you throw sand or water on it? 6. Why is it dangerous to leave a burning fire in the forest? 7. What are the dangers of cooking on a campfire? 8. What dinner tas­tes better: the one cooked on a campfire or the one cooked at home on a gas or electric stove?