Некоторые типы придаточных предложений
| Тип прида точного | Союз или союзное слово | Примеры |
| Дополнительное | Союзы:that, whether(if) (ли) | He asked me if I was free. |
| Дополнительное | Союзные слова: who, whom, whose, what, which, when, were, how, why | I don’t know what to do. I wonder whose book it is. Nobody knows why he is absent. |
| Определительное | Союзные слова: а) относительные местоимения: who, whom, whose,which,that(который) б) относительные наречия: when, were, why, how | The man who is speaking is Mr. Brown. I remember the day when we met. |
| Обстоятельственное | а) времени союзы:when(когда), while(пока, в то время как), as(когда, в то время как), till(until)(пока, до тех пор, пока), after(после того как), before(перед тем, как),since(с тех пор как), as soon as(как только)и др. б) места, причины союзы: where(где, куда), wherever(куда бы ни, где бы ни), because(потому что), since(так как, поскольку), now that(теперь когда; поскольку) и др. | When I come home I usually take a short rest. As soon as I get free, I’ll call you up. I’ve known him since we left school. I didn’t attend yesterday’s lecture because I was ill. Since everybody is here, we might begin our meeting. |
Для выполнения контрольной работы № 1 используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений:
образец выполнения к упражнению 2 :
was filling in a patient’s case history заполнял историю болезни пациента
admitted in February 1989 поступивший в феврале 1989
filling-Present participle(часть сказуемого в past continuous)
admitted-Past participle (определение)
Образец выполнения к упражнению 5:
I don’t think that the child has measles я не думаю,что у ребенка корь(дополнительное)
When a nurse uses a dirty syringe it may cause an infection когда медсестра использует грязный шприц ,возможно возникновение инфекции
образец выполнения к упражнению 6:
to pump- накачивать , выбрасывать
a pump-насос
ВАРИАНТ №1
1. Перепишите предложения ,переведите их на русский язык, подчеркните глаголы-сказуемые и определите их видовременную форму.
1. Cancer cells did not invade surrounding tissues.
2. It’s serious injury but he will be walking again in six weeks.
3. When the patient was admitted to the hospital , his desease wasn’t taking a normal course.
4. The laser considerably speeds the cure of ulcers.
5. What infectious diseases have you had?
6. Her temperature had returned to normal before the doctor came.
2. Перепишите и переведите предложения , подчеркните в них Present и Past Participle и определите их функции в предложениях.
1. The flu is an infectious , wide spreading disease affecting all ages.
2. The urinalyses made confirmed the diagnosis of nephritis and the doctor directed the patient to the hospital.
3. Wiping the walls you should use a disinfectant.
4. Having examined the patient the doctor gave him several recommendations.
5. The drug administered is very effective.
6. After my mother was operated for her thyroid gland she felt much better.
3. Перепишите предложения., подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Ann may have fallen ill . she didn’t come to the lectures yesterday.
2. The nurse will be able to give you a stomach wash out in ten minutes.
3. You should take the drug today.
4. Convulsions in this patient might be caused by brain tumor.
5. They ought have used a stronger solution.
6. They were to refer him to an oncologist.
4. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения и определите функцию герундия в каждом из них.
1. After washing a patient’s wound a nurse bandaged it.
2. The surgeon insisted on removing the tumor as soon as possible.
3. Her having been given first aid in time saved her life.
4. Our aim is curing the patient.
5. There is always the possibility of smallpox being brought in from the neighboring countries.
6. He began complaining of the pain in the throat upon swallowing.
5. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения .подчеркните придаточные предложения и определите их тип(дополнительные, определительные , обстоятельственные)
1. I don’t think that the child has measles.
2. This hormone and the calcium in the food we eat determine the height of a person.
3. The liver cells are destroyed by a virus which enters the body through polluted water.
4. Often the lymph nodes swell as they participate in the battle to destroy the bacteria.
5. I’ll discharge you as soon as you are better.
6. You must keep to a regular diet so that your bowels will act normally.
6. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов с помощью конверсии и переведите их на русский язык:
to cut, to act , to swab, to advice, to aid, to blow, to chill, to dust, to fatigue, to support, to report, to pack, to measure, to face, to damage.
7. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Pharmacy.
Pharmacy is the science which treats of medical substances. It deals not only with medicines and the art of compounding and dispensing them but with their combination , analysis and standardization.
The word “pharmacy”is also used to define the place where medicines are compounded , dispensed and sold. The title “pharmacist” is conferred upon a person who demonstrates that he is scientifically and professionally capable to engage in the practice of pharmacy. The compounding of medicines which requires the scientific combination of two or more ingredients and their dispensing demand special, knowledge , experience and high professional standards. To become a pharmacist one should achieve knowledge of different subjects such as physics, chemistry, botany, etc.
Physics is the science which deals with matter in general, especially its relation to energy.
It generally deals with constitution and properties of matter, mechanics, sound and light , heat, optics, electricity and magnetism.
Chemistry is the science which explains the composition of matter and the transformations which it undergoes. It has many divisions such as General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis, Physical Chemistry, Biochemistry and many other fields.
Botany is the science that deals with the structure , functions and classification of plants.
Pharmacognosy is the science , dealing with the history, source, cultivation, collection , preparation, distribution, composition, purity and preservation of drugs of vegetable and animal origin.
Pharmacology is the science of drugs
A Pharmacopoeia is a book containing a list of medicinal substances with formulas for their preparation.
The Pharmacopoeia describes also the proper method of packaging and storing the drug.
8. Дайте письменные ответы на следующие вопросы:
1. What does the science “pharmacy” deal with?
2. Who is the title “pharmacist” conferred upon?
3. What sciences should a pharmacist achieve knowledge of ?
4. What do all these science study ?
ВАРИАНТ №2.
1. Перепишите предложения , переведите их на русский язык, подчеркните глаголы-сказуемые и определите их видовременную форму
1. They will have given her premedication before the operation begins.
2. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
3. What drug are you taking?
4. What has brought you to the hospital?
5. He marked his skin and took the dissection.
6. By the end of the month the patient had developed severe anemia.
2. Перепишите и переведите предложения , подчеркните в них Past and present Participle и определите их функции в предложениях.
1. The powders prescribed relieved the pain caused by allergic asthma.
2. The case being discussed here proves an importance of early diagnostics of cancer.
3. Having been discharged from a hospital the patient continued to attend an out-patient department.
4. If these pills are taking regularly they are effective.
5. He will be writing case reports from 2 till 4 o’clock tomorrow.
6. Has bleeding stopped?
3. Перепишите предложения , подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент , переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He needn’t an urgent operation.
2. You’ll have to repeat the tomography of the brain.
3. The disease must have been caused by type B virus.
4. You must take care of your patients.
5. He may not leave the hospital now.
6. Can you have taken patient’s temperature every morning?
4. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, определите функцию герундия в каждом из них.
1. No doctor will ever risk diagnosing anemia without first doing tests.
2. On using this drug allergic reactions may be noted.
3. The doctor insisted on the child’s adenoids being removed as soon as possible.
4. Walking fast is good exercise.
5. Lister found a way of preventing pathogenic microbes from penetrating into the open wound.
6. He can be treated at home without being hospitalized.
5. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Подчеркните придаточные предложения и определите их тип( дополнительные, определительные, обстоятельственные).
1. Although milk is an excellent source of protein and calcium, millions of people cannot digest it.
2. The ward doctor suggested that the patient should be examined by a neurologist.
3. I wished you had not ignored a doctor advice.
4. The spread of infection to organ after organ can occur rapidly as the blood carries the infection through out the body .
5. You must treat it swiftly lest septic shock should result in death.
6. This blood flow is directed to the particular section of the brain where the information required is filed.
6. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов с помощью конверсии и переведите их на русский язык:
to air, to bath, to break, to cause, to cough, to dream, to faint, to rest, to swallow, to set, to pain, to note, to mean, to effect.
7. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Biochemistry.
The chemistry of life, or “biochemistry” as chemists call it, is an area in which the classic fields of chemistry and biology meet. It can be called molecular biology. Biochemistry is known to be the study of the structures and reactions of the thousands of compounds involved , in life process. It is considered to be the most complex area of chemistry.
Living things are supposed to represent the most efficient , sophisticated, compact chemical “factories”
ever known. How, for example, do cells of the body know when to divide and multiply into new cells having the same characteristics as the original cells? When the body is afflicted by disease or by a wound how does the body protect itself and repair the damage? We know these process to involve thousands of different chemical compounds.
When we compare the nervous system to man-made electronic computers the efficiency and complexity of the biological systems become even more impressive. Despite great advances in computer technology , the greatest computer ever built is almost insignificant being compared to a human brain weighing little more than a kilogram .A computer can perform mathematical operations million of times faster than a person , but think of some of the things the nervous system can do. For example, it can cause your arm to reach out and touch an object. The brain can translate signals from the retina of the eyes into three dimensional color images. It can translate a series of frequencies detected by the ear into thoughts whereas a computer can only perform operations being programmed by a person. As to the storage capacity the brain really wins out. The largest computers have storage capacity of about one million “words” but some experts believe the brain , to store up all the signals it receives.
The chemical process of our bodies involve enormous complex sequences of reactions details of these process being for from complete understanding. Nevertheless great progress has been made in our understanding of the process that occur in the body.
The first half of this century might be termed the Golden Age of Physics because so many discoveries in understanding the structure of molecules , atoms and nuclei were made. By the same virtue we may be in the midst of a Golden Age in Biochemistry. The next few years of research may bring much increased understanding of chemical process in cells.
8. Дайте письменные ответы на вопросы:
1. What science is the biochemistry?
2. What are living things supposed to represent?
3. What differences between the human brain and electronic computer?
Why is the first half of 20-th century termed as the Golden Age of Physics?
Контрольное задание №2
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание № 2,необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики:
Примечание:V2-вторая форма глагола; V3-Past participle