Nominative Absolute Participle Construction

(Самостоятельный причастный оборот)

Самостоятельный причастный оборот – это такой оборот, в котором причастие имеет свое собственное подлежащее, выраженное существительным в общем падеже или местоимением в именительном падеже.В конструкции может использоваться как причастие I, так и причастие II.

Самостоятельный причастный оборот может стоять в начале или в конце предложения. Если независимый причастный оборот стоит в начале предложения, он переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением времени, причины, условия с союзами когда, так как, если, поскольку. Независимый причастный оборот в конце предложения обычно переводится самостоятельным предложением (иногда со словами при этом, причем и при помощи союзов а, и, но).

Иногда предлог "with" вводит самостоятельный причастный оборот, что не влияет на перевод. В предложении независимый причастный оборот выделяется запятой и выполняет функцию обстоятельства.

Самостоятельные причастные обороты широко употребляются в литературных произведениях и в научной литературе, но редки в обычной речи.

The classroom being occupied, they had to wait a little.	Поскольку аудитория была занята, им пришлось немного подождать.
The article having been translated, the student showed it to the teacher.	Когда статья была переведена, студент показал её преподавателю.
Two of them headed toward the director's office, the other three staying in the hall.	Двое из них направились к кабинету директора, атрое других остались в коридоре.
Sydney is the largest city in Australia, with Melbourne being the second largest.	Сидней – самый большой город в Австралии, аМельбурн – второй по величине.
She listened to his story quietly, with her eyes closed.	Она слушала его рассказ спокойно, при этом её глаза были закрыты.

Ex. 1. Read the following sentences, in which the Absolute Participle Construction is used at the beginning of the sentence. Translate them into Russian.

1. The dictionaries being brought, we were given texts for translating. 2. All the preparations completed, we could start the experiment. 3. The first part of the work having been finished, the results were published in a journal. 4. The report being well written, it was read with pleasure. 5. Most of the work having been done, we decided to have a rest. 6 The article being difficult, I couldn’t translate it without your help. 7. The advantages of the new machine being obvious, we decided to make use of it.

Ex. 2. Read the following sentences in which the Absolute Participle Construction is used at the end of the sentence. Translate them into Russian.

1. They finished the experiment, the result being quite satisfactory. 2. My friend was asked many questions, some of them being very difficult. 3. The teacher gave me two abstracts yesterday, both containing interesting facts. 4. The professor spoke about the latest achievements in the national economy, his lecture being illustrated with diagrams. 5. The plan was discussed in details, many scientists taking part in this discussion. 6. Many results used before remain true for our case, the proofs being similar. 7. We may use two different methods, the first being a more general one.

Ex. 3. Read the following sentences, translate them paying attention to the place of the Absolute Participle Construction.

1. The examinations being over, most of the students left the city. 2. Cybernetics is a well known branch of science, it being still developed in the 21^st century. 3. Most of the students of our group go in for sports, many of them being fond of gymnastics. 4. With the value of X being given, the velocity of a body can easily be computed. 5. The sides of the triangle having the same measure, the angles opposite these sides have the same degree measure. 6. The area of a circle is given by the formula Nominative Absolute Participle Construction - student2.ru representing the radius. 7. Every measurement can be named in many different ways, the most convenient name being chosen in every case. 8. With the distance having been defined, you can expect to find the speed.