Признаки границ именного словосочетания
| Признаки начала именного словосочетания | Признаки конца именного словосочетания |
| артикль, предлог: a basic fibre-optic system | артикль, предлог: The mobile application the designer is to install … The rapid current growth during this process is … |
| местоимение (притяжательное, указательное, неопределённое, отрицательное): thesecellular radiophones | личное местоимение (в общем падеже): The computer network we consider … |
| числительное: threecommon features | – |
| – | глагол в личной форме: Computer models are …/work … |
| союз: We know that computer models are… | союз: Computer-controlled machines that … |
| неличные формы глагола: To define information access time it is necessary … | неличные формы глагола: Personal computers involving … |
Примечание. Союзы and или or обычно не прерывают словосочетание: communications and data link – линия связи и передачи данных.
I. Give the Russian equivalents of the following noun phrases:
a) fabrication process; application area; technology supplier; telecommunication line; image transmission; computer design; signal processing; security support; transmission channel; design software; design activity; information carrier; amplitude modulation; light signals; process control equipment;
b) data system – data exchange system; technology transfer – technology transfer agreement; telecommunication service – telecommunication service request; computer systems – computer systems design; control system – microprocessor control system; access time – information access time; computer-aided design – computer-aided design tools.
II. Define the boundaries of the noun phrases in the following sentences.
1. An analog transmitter sends the electronic signals as modulated radio waves. 2. You can determine your IP address and then use a special database to get the location of your city. 3. Wide area wireless data services provide wireless data to high-mobility users over a very large coverage area. 4. Computer animation has been used to visualize large quantities of data in the study of interactions in complex systems, such as fluid dynamics, particle collisions and the development of severe storms. 5. The transceiver inside a cellular phone is a much more complex device than a conventional phone. 6. The most important fields of research in this area are information processing, pattern recognition, game-playing computers and applied fields such as medical diagnosis. 7. Products for enhanced communication services such as data, electronic mail, high resolution digital video or even full multimedia communication entered the market.
III. Give Russian equivalents of the following sentences.
1. Bluetooth radios provide short-range connections between wireless devices along with rudimentary networking capabilities. 2. Wireless communication is the fastest growing segment of communications industry. 3. The evolutionary development of such systems is focused towards larger capacity, better quality, more bandwidth, wider coverage, lower power consumption and more services. 4. Cellular phones provide two-way voice and data communication with regional, national or international coverage. 5. The explosive growth of wireless systems coupled with the proliferation of laptop and palmtop computers indicate a bright future for wireless networks. 6. These systems provide high speed data access to the Internet, the WWW, and high speed data networks for both homes and businesses.
IV.Explain the way of the word formation of the following nouns. Give their Russian equivalents:
а) transmitter, receiver, transceiver, transducer, carrier, researcher, hacker;
b) measurement, development, improvement, agreement, requirement, equipment;
c) connection, protection, evaluation, modulation, communication, fluctuation;
d) compatibility, accessibility, reliability, credibility, memorability, availability.
V.Arrange in pairs the words with similar meaning.
Include, travel, convert, employ, deliver, consist, code, use, infinite, encrypt, transform, limitless, crucial, sent, propagate, critical.
VI.In the text of task VII find the word derived from the verb to convert. Name the other derivatives of this verb.
VII. Look through the text and answer the following question: What does a communications system include?
Communication: Basic Concepts
1. We use a variety of communications systems to relay information: once a signal has left a transmitter, the impulses travel, or propagate, in a cable, optical fiber, or space. After this information coded in an electronic or electrical signal is received, it can be decoded or converted back into its original form. A communications system consists of an information source, a transmitter, a receiver, a destination, and of course a channel to deliver the information.
2. Information in the form of sound or visual images is processed into electrical signals by a transducer. A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another form of energy. A microphone, converts your voice – sound or acoustical energy – into electrical energy, or in more familiar terms, an electrical signal. A speaker, also a transducer, can convert signal back into your voice. Transducers are the core of our communications system.
3. Many communications devices, such as telephones, video cameras, and microphones, are analog devices that create and process analog information. Analog signals can have a theoretically infinite number of states. An analog signal can be represented as a series of sine waves. The term originated because the modulation of the carrier wave is «analogous» to the fluctuations of the human voice or other sound that is being transmitted. A digital signal, in contrast, is a noncontinuous stream of on/off pulses; to exchange information, a digital system uses binary language, i.e. two numbers, 1 and 0, arranged in different codes.
4. Digital and analog signals, and ultimately equipment and systems, are generally not mutually compatible, hence, the use of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion processes. They help us to use a mixed bag of analog and digital equipment in the overall communications system. This capability is crucial.