Практикум по лексикологии современного английского языка

Раздел I. Этимология

Упражнение 1. Установите, к какой группе (общеиндоевропейской или общегерманской) относятся следующие исконно английские лексические единицы. Докажите это подбором соответствий в родственных языках.

Father, head, sun, home, fish, dead, to work, to hear, sad, book, busy, full, forget, free, little.

Упражнение 2. Определите, каким способом заимствованы следующие слова и словосочетания.

One-sided, self-criticism, swan-song, wonder child, the Knight of the Rueful Countenance, the fifth column, war to the knife, dream, camouflage, measure, blue blood, one’s second half, chain-smoker, world-famous.

Упражнение 3. Классифицируйте лексику по степени ассимиляции.

A là carte, millionaire, elite, intrigue, reservoir, hypocrisy, paragraph, triumph, syntax, score, bag, box, bog, hidalgo, schnaps, bona fide, curriculum vitae, pro rata, per capita, nice, pen, port.

Упражнение 4. Укажите, в какой период были заимствованы следующие латинские слова.

Wall, cheese, intelligent, candle, major, moderate, priest, school, street, cherry, music, nun, kitchen, plum, pear, pepper, datum, cup, status, permanent, method.

Упражнение 5. Установите этимологию следующих заимствованных слов.

Crowd, butter, plant, club, call, happen, skill, ugly, power, suit, peace, artel, waltz, pound, junta, yacht, tomato, money, mafia, casino, giraffe, brave.

Упражнение 6. Подберите этимологические дублеты к указанным словам, определите этимологию и семантические различия.

To rear, whole, to blame, secure, quiet, through, rout, to capture, fanatic, courtesy, to relax, plate, memory, senior, shadow.

Упражнение 7. Определите этимологическую структуру следующих слов-гибридов.

Brown-skinned, bachelorhood, egg-head, unrememberable, adventurer, ill-advised, tea break, loveable, lifestyle, motorcycle.

Упражнение 8. Определите этимологию следующих интернациональных слов.

Robot, status, virus, figure, terror, style, nostalgia, policy, problem, prize, shock, golf, lunch, jazz, kimono, brandy, jungle, taboo, sofa, hamburger.

Раздел II. Словообразование

Упражнение 1. Определите тип морфологической структуры слова.

Sheepishly, red-carpeted, machine-gunner, shame-facedly, unscrupulousness, green-eyed, empty-hearted, lord, chairperson, thankful, cat-like, dress-conscious, football-mad, high-priced, car, day-dreamer, dare-devil, dash, grain, out-of-towner.

Упражнение 2. Установите первоначальную морфологическую структуру слова.

Forehead,barn, daisy, elbow, breakfast, window, neighbour, England, sheriff, Friday.

Упражнение 3. Выделите аффиксы в следующих словах и дайте их полные характеристики.

(His way) homeward, malnutrition, neo-classical, apolitical, hypersensitive, misogynist (hates women), kitchenette, darkish, examinee, failure, coincidence, removal, usage, satisfaction, youngster.

Упражнение 4. Классифицируйте следующие сложные слова по степени мотивированности.

Cake-eater, cradle-snatching, gate-crasher, horseshoe-shaped, death-bed, learner-driver, greenhouse, a wet blanket, wristwatch, life-tired, handbag, bedlamp, a killjoy, a chatterbox, thick-skinned, eye-catching, sky-blue, man-eater, wall-flower, busy-body, golden boy, a tomboy, motor-mouth, lady-killer, starry-eyed.

Упражнение 5. Классифицируйте следующие сложные слова согласно существующим классификациям.

Lily-of-the-valley, nightclub, green-and-white, a kitchen-bathroom, a brainwave, townspeople, music-room, waste-basket, bitter-sweet, happy-sad, four-door, free-spending, bad-tempered, hand-operated, strange-sounding.

Упражнение 6. В следующих примерах одно из выделенных слов было образовано по конверсии, определите направление производности и тип семантических отношений в данных конверсионных парах.

1. a) An aggressive man battled his way to Stout’s side.

b) He was killed in battle.

2. a) He is a tidy person.

b) What are you doing here? – I’m tidying your room.

3. a) Ten minutes later I was speeding along in the direction of Cape Town. b) The train pulled out of the station and began to pick up speed.

4. a) It’s very dry. We must water the garden.

b) The prisoner was given only bread and water.

5. a) Lizzie is a good cook.

6. b) She cooks meals for the family.

7. a) You’ve got a funny nose.

b) He began to nose about. He pulled out drawer after drawer, pottering round like an old bloodhound.

8. a) The desk clerk handed me the key.

b) He took my hand.

9. Use small nails and nail the picture on the wall.

10. a) The man has a dog.

b) ‘I have begun to feel absolutely haunted. This woman dogs me.’

11. a) The next night I took him along to supper with me.

b) I was present at a rather cheery little supper.

12. a) A small hairy object sprang from a basket and stood yapping in the middle of the room.

b) There are advantages about rooming with Julia.

13. a) Mr Biffen rang up on the telephone while you were in your bath.

b) Corky is out telephoning.

14. a) The wolf was suspicious and afraid.

b) He wolfed his meal down.

15. a) The baby is sleeping.

b) Don’t baby him.