Предположение должно быть

It must be cold outside, (должно быть)

Упр. 471. Переведите на русский язык.

You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9. I must help my mother today.

Упр. 472. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим анг­лийским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о сво­их обязанностях. 5 Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 8. Вы, дол­жно быть, очень голодны. 9. Должно быть, очень трудно решать такие задачи. 10. Я должен се­годня повидать моего друга.

ТО HAVE TO

Эквивалент глагола MUST

have to go there.

(надо) had to go there.

(пришлось) shall have to go there, (придется)

I don't have to go there.

(не надо) I didn't have to go there.

(не пришлось) I shan't have to go there, (не придется)

Do you have to go there? (надо?)

Did you have to go there? (пришлось?)

Will you have to go there? (придется?)

Упр. 473. Переведите на русский язык.

1. I had to do a lot of homework yesterday 2. She had to stay at home because she did not feel well. 3. Pete had to stay at home because it was very cold. 4. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it at home. 5. They had to call the doctor because the grandmother was ill. 6. Why did you have to stay at home yes­terday? — Because my parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister. 7. I have not written the composition. I shall have to write it on Sunday. 8. We did not have to buy biscuits because granny had baked a delicious pie. 9. Will you have to get up early tomorrow?

Упр. 474. Перепишите следующие предложе­ния в прошедшем времени.

1 It is already twenty minutes past eight. You must go or you will be late for the first lesson. 2. I am very tired. I feel I must go to bed at once, or I shall fall asleep where I am sitting. 3. We can't wait for them any longer, we must ring them up and find out what has happened. 4. I am think­ing hard, trying to find a solution of the prob­lem. There must be a way out. 5. It is quite clear to everyboby in the family that he must start get­ting ready for his examination instead of wasting time. 6. It is impossible to do anything in such a short time. I must ask the chief to put off my report. 7. I don't mean that you must do every­thing they tell you.

Упр. 475. Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды: в прошедшем и в буду, щем времени. Заменяйте модальные глаголы must и сап эквивалентами, где необходимо.

1. You must listen to the tape-recording of this text several times. 2. You must take your exami­nation in English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. We can't meet them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine the child. 6. He must work systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more time out in the open air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this work. 10. He can't join the party because he is busy.

Упр. 476. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must или его эк­вивалент to have to.

Я должна пойти в магазин сегодня, сварить обед сделать уроки пойти в школу написать письмо брату

Мне придется пойти в магазин завтра, сварить обед сделать уроки пойти в школу написать письмо брату

Мне пришлось пойти в магазин вчера сварить обед сделать уроки пойти в школу написать письмо брату

Упр. i77. Переведите на английский язык сле­дующие вопросы и ответьте на них.

1. Что вы должны сделать сегодня?

2. Что вам придется сделать завтра?

Что вам пришлось сделать вчера?

Упр. 478. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may или сап.

1. Он сейчас должен быть в своем кабинете. Вы можете поговорить с ним. 2. Можно войти? —- Пожалуйста. 3. Вы должны прочитать этот текст. 4. Может ли он выполнить это задание? 5. Можно мне взять вашу книгу? 6. На уроке английского языка вы должны говорить только по-английски. 7. Мы должны сегодня сдать тет­ради? 8. Можно мне задать вам вопрос? — По­жалуйста. 9. Я не могу пойти о вами в кино, так как я очень занят. 10. Можно здесь курить? — Пожалуйста.

Упр. 479. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can, may или must.

1. What ... we see on this map? 2. ... you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately I... 3. At what time ... you come to school? 4. ... I come in? 5. You ... not smoke here. 6. ... take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it. 7. He ... not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I ... go. 9. They ... not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You ... read this text: it is easy enough. 1л

TO HAVE TO — ТО BE TO

Необходимость

ТО HAVE TO — вынужденная необходимость

ТО BE TO¹ — необходимость по договоренности, плану или приказу

I have to go there. — должен (вынужден)

I am to go there. — должен, предстоит, (договорились, или такое расписание)

I had to go there — пришлось

I was to go there — предстояло

Упр. 480. Переведите на русский язык.

I was to wait for her at the railway station.

We were to go to the cinema that afternoon.

They were to start on Monday. 4. He was to telephone the moment she was out of danger.

Roses were to be planted round the pond.

There was to be a discussion later on. 7. We were to get there before the others. 8. He was to tell her where to find us. 9. She was to graduate that year. 10. She was to wear that dress at the graduation party. 11. He is to come here at five o'clock. 12. The train was to leave at five-fifteen.

¹ TO BE может употребляться как модальный тлагол товд>кс в двух временах: Present Simple и Past Simple.

Упр. 481. Перефразируйте следующие пред­ложения, употребляя модальный глагол to be to.

E.g. 1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight. The lecture is to begin at eight. 2) I expect her to come and help. She is to come and help. 3) It was planned that we should wait for them at the door. We were to wait for them at the door. 4) It was arranged that he should meet her at the station. He was to meet her at the station. 5) Who will take care of the children? Who is to take care of the children? 1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early? 2 It was arranged that the youngest chil­dren would play on the beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. Where am I supposed to be taken? 6. This is Dora. It is arranged that she will share the room with you. 7 And who will do the cooking? 8. It is expected that two more apart­ment houses will be built here. 9. It was arranged that the cup final would be played that afternoon. 10. Who will meet you at the station?