Environmental Protection
SECTION 1
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
| 1. Environment 2. environmental protection 3. to poison 4. poisonous substances 5. acid rains 6. fertilizer 7. pesticide 8. disaster 9. hazard 10. hazardous materials 11. industrial waste 12. nuclear waste 13. pollution 14. monitoring 15. indicators 16. disease 17. earthquake 18. flood 19. uninhabitable 20. deforestation 21. ozone depletion 22. global warming 23. greenhouse effect 24. emission 25. nuclear power plant | 1. окружающая среда 2. защита окружающей среды 3. отравлять 4. отравляющие вещества 5. кислотные дожди 6. удобрения 7. пестицид 8. катастрофа 9. опасность 10. опасные материалы 11. промышленные отходы 12. отходы ядерной промышленности 13. загрязнение 14. мониторинг, наблюдение 15. датчики 16. болезнь 17. землетрясение 18. наводнение 19. непригодный для жизни 20. обезлесение 21. истощение озонного слоя 22. глобальное потепление 23. парниковый эффект 24. выброс 25. атомная станция |
Ex.1 Translate the following sentences:
1. The poisoning of the Earth is a fast-going process of our time.
2. Earthquakes and floods have become more frequent events than they were in the past.
3. Global warming and greenhouse effect have led to numerous negative changers.
4. If the process of pollution isn’t stopped the Earth will become uninhabitable.
5. Ecologists deal with all kinds of pollution: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizes and pesticides.
6. Hazardous materials can be spread by air.
7. It is important to organize strict monitoring of the environment in the roundabout of all nuclear power plants.
8. Hazardous emissions cause air pollution.
9. Acid rains are the result of air pollution.
10. Industrial emissions cause greenhouse effect and global warming.
SECTION 2
Перевод клише, устойчивых словосочетаний и фразеологических единиц.
Перевод подобных лексических единиц – очень трудная задача. В силу своего семантического богатства, образности и яркости фразеология в языках играет очень важную роль. Она придает речи выразительность и оригинальность.
При переводе фразеологизмов надо передать их смысл и образность. И так как дословный перевод невозможен, надо подобрать в русском языке соответствующее выражение. При отсутствии идентичного образа необходимо прибегнуть к поиску приблизительного соответствия.
| 1. to know as a rule of thumb 2. a piece of cake 3. where the rubber meets the road 4. carrot-and-stick approach 5. to have a big mouth 6. baker’s dozen 7. beeline 8. bottom dollar 9. eye opener 10. a can of worms 11. to have a foot in the mouth 12. to face the music 13. to start from scratch 14. to go to pieces 15. good-for-nothing 16. hit-or-miss 17. in the long run 18. to miss the boat 19. to be on a roll 20. soul-searching | 1. знать как свои пять пальцев 2. легкое дело 3. суть проблемы 4. политика кнута и пряника 5. быть болтливым 6. чертова дюжина 7. кратчайший путь 8. последние деньги 9. полная неожиданность 10. клубок проблем 11. быть косноязычным 12. посмотреть правде в глаза 13. начать с нуля 14. потерять контроль над собой 15. никчемный человек 16. пан или пропал 17. в результате 18. поезд ушел (опоздал) 19. быть на подъеме 20. поиски смысла жизни |
Ex.1 Study the idioms above and translate the following sentences:
1. Every country must know as a rule of thumb that negotiations is a beeline to peace.
2. The President’s statement was an eye opener for everyone.
3. Whenever he delivers a speech everybody thinks that he has a foot in his mouth.
4. If the politicians consider this problem a piece of cake they will soon have to face the music.
5. The problem was discussed many times and in the long run the agreement was signed.
6. This candidate is evidently on a roll, but let’s wait a bit.
7. Soul-searching is a problem of all teen-agers.
8. It is not wise to use a hit-or-miss approach to this problem
9. The country is ready to spend its bottom dollar for military needs.
10. No one can go to pieces during talks, no matter how difficult it is.
SECTION 3
Translate the following articles
ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF MOSCOW
One of the most important modern problems is the environmental stability of large industrial centers. Radioactivity safety of megalopolis is one of the components of this problem. These problems put out a number of serious questions. How to ensure the radiation safety of large cities? How to create a reliable system of transportation and processing of radioactive wastes? How to ensure the conditions of long-term and safe storage of radioactive wastes?
The environment protection activities of "Radon" Scientific Industrial Firm give answers to the majority of these questions.
“Radon” ensures a well-developed radiation monitoring of large cities.
Since 1974 “Radon” carries out monitoring of Moscow. Full-scale operations to find out unregistered radioactive sources began in 1979. During 10 years more than 900 sources were found and liquidated in Moscow and in its suburbs. The works are carried out together with geological organizations under the control of sanitary bodies.
Nowadays Muscovites can see specialists in “Radon” uniform in the parks and junk-yards of Moscow.
The citizens of Moscow know: these people will protect them from radiation hazard.
AN OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL ENVIROMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA)
Turning to a brief history of the National Environmental Policy Act or NEPA, this legislation was passed in 1969 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon on January 1, 1970. This was the first major environmental law enacted in the 1970’s.
Generally speaking, NEPA establishes an environmental charter for the protection of the environment and provides a process for implementing its goal by setting requirements for the federal government. NEPA applies to all federal agencies. NEPA requires federal agencies to analyze a broad range of environmental issues and involve public in their discussion.
NEPA contains two titles: Title 1 explains the environmental policy for the nation and Title 2 creates the Council on Environmental Protection.
The Council on Environmental Protection is responsible for the implementation of the environmental policy.
According to this policy, federal agencies must take a careful look at the possible consequences of all proposed actions and consider direct and indirect environmental impacts in their decision-making process.
CANADIAN ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION POLICY
The Canadian Environmental Protection Act was signed in January 1995. It places a range of obligations on the governmental and non-governmental agencies relating to the conduct of environmental assessments. These obligations are clearly defined in the CEAA.
One of the underlying principles of the CEAA is that the public should be given an opportunity to participate in environmental assessments. To support this objective, a Public Registry was established
By the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency to provide public access to information upon which Environmental Assessments are based.
Many Governmental and non-governmental agencies have established electronic links with the Agency for the purpose of recording information in the Public Registry.
SECTION 4
Revision
Give Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:
1. hazardous materials
2. water pollution
3. deforestation process
4. acid rains
5. nuclear wastes
6. industrial emissions
7. disastrous consequences
8. ozone depletion
9. environmental impact
10. earthquakes
11. monitoring
12. non-governmental agency
13. to poison
14. greenhouse effect
15. global warming
SUPPLEMENT 1
| Country and capital Europe Iceland, Reykjavik Norway, Oslo Sweden, Stockholm Finland, Helsinki Denmark, Copenhagen Britain, London England, London Holland, Amsterdam Belgium, Brussels Luxembourg, Luxembourg Germany, Berlin Poland, Warsaw Portugal, Lisbon Spain, Madrid Andorra, Andorra France, Paris Monaco, Monaco (Principality of Monaco) Switzerland, Bern Austria, Vienna Czechia, Prague (The Czech Republic) Slovakia, Bratislava (The Slovak Republic) Hungary, Budapest R(o)umania, Bucharest Bulgaria, Sofia Greece, Athens Turkey, Ankara Albania, Tirana Italy, Rome Malta, Valetta Cyprus, Nicosia ASIA Afghanistan, Kabul Pakistan, Islamabad Mongolia, Ulan Bator China, Beijing India, Delhi Sri Lanka, Colombo Nepal, Katmandu Myanma, Yangown (formerly Burma, Rangoon) Laos, Vientiane Thailand, Bangkok Vietnam, Hanoi Kampuchea, PnomPenh Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Indonesia, Jakarta THE CARIBBEAN STATES Cuba, Habana Guatemala, Guatemala Honduras, Tegucigalpa El Salvador, San Salvador Nicaragua, Managua Costa Rica, San Jose Panama, Panama City SOUTH AMERICA Brazil, Brasilia Venezuela, Caracas Colombia, Bogota Ecuador, Quito Peru, Lima Bolivia, La Paz Paraguay, Asuncion Uruguay, Montevideo Argentina, Buenos Aires Chile, Santiago AFRICA Algeria, Algiers Angola, Luanda Botswana, Gaborone Morocco, Rabat Tunisia, Tunis Libya, Tripoli Egypt, Cairo Western Sahara, Dakhla Mauritania, Nouakchott Mali, Bamako Niger, Niamey Chad, N'djamena Sudan, Khart(o)um Ethiopia, Addis Ababa Eritrea, Asmara Somali, Mogadishu Kenya, Nairobi Uganda, Kampala Cameroon, Yaounde Nigeria, Lagos Senegal, Dakar, The Gambia, Banjul Guinea Bissau, Bissau Guinea, Conakry Sierra Leone, Freetown Liberia, Monrovia Cote d’Ivoire, Yamoussoukro (formerly Ivory Coast) Ghana, Accra Gabon, Libreville Togo, Lome The Congo, Brazzaville Rwanda, Kigali Burundi, Bujumbura Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam Zaire, Kinshasa Zambia, Lusaka Malawi, Lilongwe Mozambique, Maputo Zimbabwe, Harare Namibia, Windhoek South Africa, Pretoria Madagascar, Antananarivo Benin, Porto Novo THE MIDDLE EAST Syria, Damascus Jordan, Amman Lebanon, Beirut Israel, Tel Aviv Iraq, Baghdad Saudi Arabia, Riyadh Kuwait, Al Kuwait Iran, Teheran Oman, Muscat Yemen, Sana The United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi NORTH AMERICA The USA, Washington Canada, Ottawa Mexico, Mexico City | Icelandic Norwegian Swedish Finnish Danish British English Dutch Belgian Luxemburger German Polish Portuguese Spanish Andorran French Monegasque Swiss Austrian Czech Slovak Hungarian R(o)umanian Bulgarian Greek Turkish Albanian Italian Maltese Cypriot Afghan Pakistani Mongolian Chinese Indian Srilankan Nepalese Burmese Laotian Thai Vietnamese Kampuchean Malaysian Indonesian Cuban Guatemalan Honduran Salvadorian Nicaraguan Costarican Panamanian Brazilian Venezuelan Colombian Ecuadorian Peruvian Bolivian Paraguayan Uruguayan Argentinean Chilean Algerian Angolan Botswana Moroccan Tunisian Libyan Egyptian Western Saharan Mauritanian Malian Nigerian Chadian Sudanese Ethiopian Eritrean Somalian Kenyan Ugandan Cameroonian Nigerian Senegalese Gambian Guinea Bissauan Guinean Sierra Leonian Liberian Ghanaian Gabonese Togolese Congolese Rwandan Burundian Tanzanian Zairean Zambian Malawian Mozambican Zimbabwean Namibian South African Madagascan Beninese Syrian Jordanian Lebanese Israeli Iraqi Saudi Kuwaiti Iranian Omani Yemeni Arab American Canadian Mexican | The People The Icelanders The Norwegians The Swedes The Finns The Danes The British The English The Dutch The Belgians The Luxemburgers The Germans The Poles The Portuguese The Spanish The Andorrans The French The Monegasque The Swiss The Austrians The Czechs The Slovaks The Hungarians The R(o)umanians The Bulgarians The Greeks The Turks The Albanians The Italians The Maltese The Cypriots The Afghans The Pakistanis The Mongolians The Chinese The Indians The Srilankans The Nepalese The Burmese The Laotians The Thais The Vietnamese The Kampucheans The Malaysians The Indonesians The Cubans The Guatemalans The Hondurans The Salvadorians The Nicaraguans The Costaricans The Panamanians The Brazilians The Venezuelans The Colombians The Ecuadorians The Peruvians The Bolivians The Paraguayans The Uruguayans The Argentineans The Chileans The Algerians The Angolans The Tswans The Moroccans The Tunisians The Libyans The Egyptians The Western Saharans The Mauritanians The Malians The Nigeriens The Chadians The Sudanese The Ethiopians The Eritreans The Somalis The Kenyans The Ugandans The Cameroonians The Nigerians The Senegalese The Gambians The Guinea Bissauans The Guineans The Sierra Leonians The Liberians Ghanaians The Gabonese The Togolese The Congolese The Rwandans The Burundians The Tanzanians The Zaireans The Zambians The Malawians The Mozambicans The Zimbabweans The Namibians The South Africans The Madagascans The Beninese The Syrians The Jordanians The Lebanese The Israelis The Iraqis The Saudis The Kuwaitis The Iranians The Omani The Yemenis The Arabs The Americans The Canadians The Mexicans | A person An Icelander A Norwegian A Swede A Finn A Dane A Briton An Englishman (-woman) A Dutchman (-woman) A Belgian A Luxemburger A German A Pole A Portuguese A Spaniard An Andorran A Frenchman (-woman) A Monegasque A Swiss An Austrian A Czech A Slovak A Hungarian A R(o)umanian A Bulgarian A Greek A Turk An Albanian An Italian A Maltese A Cypriot An Afganistani A Pakistani A Mongolian A Chinese An Indian A Srilankan A Nepalese A Burmese A Laotian A Thai A Vietnamese A Kampuchean A Malaysian An Indonesian A Cuban A Guatemalan A Honduran A Salvadorian A Nicaraguan A Costarican A Panamanian A Brazilian A Venezuelan A Colombian An Ecuadorian A Peruvian A Bolivian A Paraguayan An Uruguayan An Argentinean A Chilean An Algerian An Angolan A Tswan A Moroccan A Tunisian A Libyan An Egyptian A Western Saharan A Mauritanian A Malian A Nigerien A Chadian A Sudanese An Ethiopian An Eritrean A Somali A Kenyan An Ugandan A Cameroonian A Nigerian A Senegalese A Gambian A Guinea Bissauan A Guinean A Sierra Leonian A Liberian A Ghanaian A Gabonese A Togolese A Congolese A Rwandan A Burundian A Tanzanian A Zairean A Zambian A Malawian A Mozambican A Zimbabwean A Namibian A South African A Madagascan A Beninese A Syrian A Jordanian A Lebanese An Israeli An Iraqi A Saudi A Kuwaiti An Iranian An Omani A Yemeni An Arab An American A Canadian A Mexican |
Note: Sometimes there is no English word for the name of the people or nationality, and then you should express the idea in the roundabout way:
A businessman from Hong Kong
A citizen of the Vatican
SUPPLEMENT 2