Практическая работа № 7

Components of the automobile

1. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:

1. body 2. car wheels 3. power train 4. power plant 5. springs 6. steering system 7. clutch 8. final drive 9. engine crankshaft 10. push down the pedal 11. brakes are applied 12. frame with axles 13. fuel system 14. lubricating system 15. accessories

a) тормоза срабатывают b) силовая передача c) главная передача d) коленчатый вал двигателя e) нажимать педаль f) силовая установка g) колёса автомобиля h) рама с осями i) топливная система j) рулевая система k) сцепление l) вспомогательные устройства m) система смазки n) кузов o) рессоры

Answer:1-____,2-____,3-____,4-____,5-____,6-____, 7-____,8-____,9-____,

10-____,11-____,12-_____,13-_____,14_____,15______

2. Translate international words:

Automobile, chassis, speedometer, electric, system, cylinder, cardan, control, hydraulic, pedal, accessories, differential.

3. Learn the picture and remember the main parts of the car:

rearview mirror- ____, speedometer- ____, odometer- ____, indicator- ____, horn- ____, ignition- ____, headrest- ____, gas pedal- ____, break- ____, CD player- ____, air vent- ____, dashboard- ____, heater- ____, seat belt- ____, driver`s seat- ____, passenger seat- ____, gear stick- ____, handbrake- ____, accelerator- ____, fuel gauge- ____, fan- ____,bonnet- ____, carburetor- ____, radiator- ____, coil- ____, header tank- ____, dipstick- ____, fan- ____, windscreen wiper motor- ____, air filter- ____, battery- ____, oil filter- ____, fuel pump- ____, starter motor- ____, engine- ____, fan belt- ____, alternator - ____.

4. Read and translate the text:

Basically, the automobile consists of three parts: the power plant or the engine, the chassis and the body. To these may be added the accessories: the heater, lights, radio, speedometer and other devices.

The power plant, or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system.

The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive.

The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.

Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. The brake pedal operates them. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops.

5. Answer the questions:

1) What are the main basic parts of the automobile?

2) What does the chassis consists of?

3) What units does the power train contain?

4) What is the function of the clutch?

5) Why are brakes needed?

6. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases:

1. The mechanism used for stopping the car is… 2. The mechanism used for changing the speeds is … . 3. the mechanism used for connecting (or disconnecting) the engine from the gearbox is … . 4. the unit carrying the power from the engine to the car wheels is … . 5. the instrument measuring the speed of the car is … . Answer:1-____,2-____,3-____,4-____,5-____.

a. clutch b. gearbox c. brakes d. power train e. speedometer

Практическая работа № 8.

The Engine

1. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:

1. internal combustion engine 2. combustion chamber 3. stroke 4. piston 5. top dead center 6. bottom dead center 7. four-stroke cycle engine 8. two-cycle engine 9. crankshaft 10. intact stroke 11. valve opening 12. fuel system 13. power stroke 14. exhaust

a. поршень b. верхняя мёртвая точка c. четырёхтактный двигатель d. коленчатый вал e. отверстие клапана f. двигатель внутреннего сгорания g.нижняя мертвая точка h. топливная система i. такт впрыска( топлива) j. двухтактный двигатель k. камера сгорания l. ход, такт( поршня) m. выхлоп n. рабочий ход

Answer:1-____,2-____,3-____,4-____,5-____,6-____, 7-____,8-____,9-____,

10-____,11-____,12-___,13-____,14-_____

2. Translate international words:cylinder, automobile, limit, center, cycle, compression, gas.

3. Read and translate the text:

The engine is the source of power that makes the car move. It is usually called an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers.

Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders. The operating cycle of the four-strokeengine that takes place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four strokes. The upper limit of the piston movement is called the top dead center. The lower limit of piston movement is called the bottom dead center. A stroke is the piston movement from the top dead center to the bottom dead center or from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of its motion. Where the entire cycle of the events in the cylinder requires four strokes (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called four-stroke cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.

Two-cycles engines have also been made, and in such engines the entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes or one revolution of the crankshaft. On the intake stroke the intake valve is opened. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered into the cylinder through the inlet valve. On the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed so that the mixture can be compressed. On the power stroke both valves (inlet and exhaust) are closed in order to rise pressure during the mixture combustion. On the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the residual gas.