Unit vi. The passive (пассивный залог)

LESSON I

TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Simple	Present	Past	Future
Affirmative	I am asked He She is asked It We You are asked They	I was asked He She was asked It We You were asked They	I He She It will asked We You They
Interrogative	Am I asked? he Is she asked ? It we Are You asked? they	I Washeasked? She it we Wereyou asked? They	I He She Willitbe asked? we you they
Negative	I am not asked He She is not asked It We You are not asked They	I He She was not asked It We You were not asked They	I He She It will not be asked We You They

The room is cleanedevery day – Комнату убирают каждый день

I am invitedto the parties on Saturdays–Меня приглашают на вечеринки по субботам.

This room was paintedlast month - Эту комнату покрасили в прошлом месяце.

When wasthe telephone invented? – Когда изобрели телефон?

The parcel will be deliverednext week. – Посылку доставят на следующей неделе.

He wasn’t invitedto the party yesterday. – Вчера его не пригласили на вечеринку.

Exercise I. Read the text and translate it paying attention to passive voice.

The Great Wall of Chine is one of the largest structures in the world. The oldest parts of the wall were built in the 4^th century by the Chinese. Different parts of the wall were connectedby the Emperor Shin Huang-ti. During the 15^th and the 16^th centuries the wall was rebuilt.Today it is visitedby thousands of people.

Exercise II. Put the verbs in brackets into passive voice.

1. Two men…… (see) running out of the bank yesterday morning.

2. The flowers …..(water) every day.

3. His car …… (wash) yesterday.

4. The new cinema …..(build) two years ago.

5. The car … (repair) next week.

6. A speech …. (give) by the President tomorrow.

7. The parcel …… (not to send) to Mary yesterday.

8. The walls ….. (paint) light green next week.

9. My car … (check) by a mechanic once a week.

10. Bread … (make) from wheat.

Exercise III. Read the text.

GREAT BRITAIN

Great Britain is situated to the north-west of Europe on the British Isles. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom (UK). Great Britain is separated from the Continent by the English Channel and is connected with many countries by sea.

The climate of Britain is mild and warm because of the warm Gulf Stream. Most of the mountains are in the north, in Scotland, but they are not very high. Scotland is also famous for its beautiful lakes. The rivers in Great Britain are not long but many of them are deep. The longest rivers are the Clyde and the Thames.

London, the capital of the country, is situated on the Thames. The most important industrial cities are Manchester, Leeds, Bristol, Edinburg, Birmingham and others. Cambridge and Oxford are famous university cities.

The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy. The official head of the state is the king or the queen. But the power of the monarch is limited by Parliament which is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Members of the House of Lords are appointed, and members of the House of Commons are elected by people. Parliament makes laws. The head of the Government is the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the party in power. At present there are four main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative, the Labour, the Liberal and the Social-Democratic Party.

The official language of Great Britain is English. It is now spoken in many countries of the world: the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India and others.

Exercise IV. Find in the text sentences with passive voice, translate them.

Exercise V. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.

Great Britain is situated …. the north-west ….Europe … the British Isles. 2. Great Britain is separated … the Continent … the English Channel. 3. Most of the mountains are … the north, … Scotland. 4. Scotland is also famous ….its beautiful lakes. 5. The power … the monarch is limited … Parliament. 6. ….present there are four main political parties … Great Britain.

HOME EXERCISES

Exercise I. Read and translate the text

THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT

From the centre of Westminster Bridge, one can see a splendid view of the Houses of Parliament which spread magnificently on the north bank of the Thames. This structure is a remarkable example of Gothic architecture. The Clock Tower, which contains the hour- bell called “Big Ben”, is known the world over. The bell is named after Sir Benjamin Hall, the first Commissioner of Works when the Houses of Parliament were rebuilt (in 1850).

Royal Palaces and houses were built along the banks of the Thames in medieval days,because the water was a busy way into and out of London. The Houses of Parliament, called officially the Palace of Westminster, were formerly a palace for kings and queens. When the king was in residence at Westminster his court was likewise in residence. There not only Royal councils of bishops, nobles and ministers assembled, but also that every special form of Council later known as the Parliament. The palace was used both as a royal residence and also as a parliament house until the sixteenth century. In the course of the sixteenth century when the royal family moved to the new palace within half a mile of Westminster – Whitehall Palace, the Westminster Palace was occupied by the Parliament and became its permanent home. So the site of Westminster has been involved with the government of England for 500 years.

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of just over 1 000 members of the different grades of nobility – dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons. In the House of Commons there are 635 members. The name of the “Commons”, by which it is called, does not signify the “common people”, but the local “communities” in different parts of the country. They are elected by secret ballot by men and women aged 18 and over. Every Parliament is limited to duration of five years. The life of Parliament is divided into Sessions. Each of these may last a year and usually begins early in November.

LESSON II.

By + agent

St. Paul’ Cathedral was built by Christopher Wren.

The child was stung by a bee.

With + instrument/material/ingredient

The pie was cut with a knife.

The house will be decorated with balloons.

The sauce was made with mushrooms and onions.

Exercise I. Fill in the gaps with byor with

The film was directed … famous producer.
This sweater was knitted ….. my sister.
The bicycle was stolen …. two thieves.
The window was broken …. a stone.
The cup is filled … tea.
The cat was saved ….a boy.
«The nicest Garden Competition» was won …..Jim Smith.
These mittens were made ….my grandmother.
The cake was cut ….a knife.
The room will be decorated …. balloons.
The letter will be sent …. his aunt.

Exercise II. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

My mother always cooks dinner.
Joe won a little prize for the worst garden in the town.
Bob will invite Mary to the party.
He wrote the letter with a pencil.
We filled the glass bowl with fruit.
They dig the hole with a spade.
Pushkin wrote this poem when he was at the age of 12.

Exercise III. Read the text and fill in the gaps.

NOT FOR JAZZ

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made … Germany …1681. Our clavichord is kept … the living – room. It belongs to our family. The instrument was bought … my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged … one of our guests. She tried to play jazz …it. She struck the keys too hard and two .. the strings were broken .My father was shocked.. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It was repaired … a friend of mine.

Exercise IV. Fill in the gaps with in, of, from, by.

It was made …Germany.
The tea-pot is made …silver.
Glass is made … sand and lime.
This cake was made … my sister.
Is your watch made …gold?
These knives were made … Sheffield.
This cake was made … sugar, flour, butter and eggs.
This delicious apple pie is made …his grandmother.

HOME EXERCISES

Exercise I. Read and translate the text

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

Westminster Abbey is a national shrine where the kings and queens are crowned and famous people are buried. Founded by Edward the Confessor in 1050, the Abbey was a monastery for a long time. The present building dates largely from time of Henry III who began to rebuild the church, a task which lasted nearly 300 years. The West towers were added in the eighteenth century. Since William I almost every English monarch has been crowned in this great church, which contains the tombs and memorials of many of British’s most eminent citizens. One of the greatest treasures of the Abbey is the oaken Coronation Chair made in 1300.

Near the West Door of the Abbey the Unknown Warrior lies in a simple grave commemorating the men who died in the First World War.

The Abbey is also known for its Poet’s Corner. Graves and memorials to many English poets and writers are clustered round about.

LESSON III