Building engineering as a discipline
Building engineering is an interdisciplinary engineering discipline, better known in the US as architectural engineering, that offers a general engineering approach to the planning, design, construction, operation, renovation, and maintenance of buildings, as well as with their impacts on the surrounding environment. The discipline requires pertinent knowledge integrated from traditional well-established disciplines: Civil engineering for building structures and foundation; Mechanical engineering for Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning system (HVAC), and for mechanical service systems; Physics for building science, lighting and acoustics, Electrical engineering for power distribution, control, and electrical systems; Chemistry and biology for indoor air quality; Architecture for form, function, building codes and specifications; Economics for project management.
Building engineering students are ideally trained in all phases of the life cycle of a building, and learn to appreciate buildings as an advanced technological system requiring close integration of many sub-systems and their individual components. Technical problems and appropriate solutions are studied to improve the performance of the building in areas such as: Energy efficiency, passive solar engineering, lighting and acoustics; Construction management; HVAC and control systems; Indoor air quality; Advanced building materials; building envelope; Earthquake resistance, wind effects on buildings, computer-aided design.
The building engineering graduate may work as a consulting engineer, design engineer, project manager, construction manager, cost engineer, facility manager, conservation-utility director, HVAC engineer, operation manager, process engineer, or in research and development, among other career possibilities. Energy Efficiency is also an application area which draws from the building science and building environment areas. It includes analysis, design, and control of energy-efficient or low-energy buildings, HVAC systems, solar energy utilization andintelligent buildings.
I. Answer the questions
1. What disciplines wasBuilding engineering integrated from?
2. What phase of the life cycle of a buildingare building engineering students trained?
3. Where may the building engineering graduate work?
II. Decide if the following sentences are True or False.
1.Building engineering is an engineering discipline, better known in the US as architectural engineering.
2. The discipline requires knowledge integrated from traditional well-established disciplines: Civil engineering, HVAC, Physics, Electrical engineering, Chemistry and biology, Architecture, Economics.
3. Technical problems and appropriate solutions are studied to improve the performance of the building in onlyenergy efficiency.
4. The building engineering graduate may work as a consulting engineer, design engineer, project manager, construction manager, cost engineer, facility manager etc.
5. Energy Efficiency is an application area which draws from the building science.
III. Translate the textfrom English into Russian language
IV. Translate the following words:
Interdisciplinary, planning, design, construction, operation, renovation, maintenance of buildings,surrounding environment, foundation,heating, ventilation, air-conditioning system, advanced technological system, indoor air quality, advanced building materials, building envelope, earthquake resistance.
Вариант 5
Задание 1. Прочитайте предложения. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в PresentPerfect или PastSimple. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. Where (to be) you last night?
2. You (to near) from Ben recently?
3. Your mother (to phone) a few minutes ago.
4. When we were on holiday, the weather (to be) awful.
5. The sun (not to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute.
Задание 2. Прочитайте предложения. Выберите правильный модальный глагол. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. And remember, you must / have to come and see the baby as soon as you can.
2. They will never be able to / can appreciate your kindness.
3. He may / might come tonight, but I’m not sure.
4. The car broke down and I should / had to get a taxi.
5. It will be allowed / can’t to start building of the complex in 6 months.
Задание 3. Прочитайте предложения. Вставьте much, many, little, few, alittle или afew. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. If you have … spare time, look through this book.
2. You will find … stories there which are rather interesting.
3. There are … things here which I cannot understand.
4. Shall I bring … more chalk?
5. I have … money, so we can go to the cinema.
Задание 4. Прочитайте предложения. Замените прямую речь косвенной. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me.
2. Mike said to her: “I shall do it today if I have time.”
3. “Why do architects use a play of contrasts here?” – the teacher asked the students.
4. “Did the owner demand a maximum functional layout of minimum space?” – the architect wondered.
5. “It will allow visual extending of the long room” – the designer said.
Задание 5. Прочитайте предложения. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в соответствующей форме. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. If you (to put) on your glasses, you (to see) better.
2. What we (to do) if they (to be) late?
3. You (to be) very angry if we (not to come)?
4. He (to be) very displeased if I (not to ring up) him?
5. If I (to live) in the south, I (to bathe) every day
Задание 6. Прочитайте текст по специальности и выполните задания к нему.
Modern Building Materials
Concrete is perhaps the most widely spread building material used nowadays. Concrete is an artificial stone, made by thoroughly mixing such natural ingredients or aggregates as cement, sand and gravel or broken stone together with sufficient water to produce a mixture of the proper consistency. It has many valuable properties. It sets under water, can be poured into moulds so as to get almost any desirable form, and together with steel in reinforced concrete it has very high strength, and also resist fire. Prestressed concrete is most widely used at present while prefabricated blocks are employed on vast scale for skeleton structures.
Aggregate for concrete
By the simple definition from the dictionary “aggregates are the materials, such as sand and small stones, that are mixed with cement to form concrete”.
Aggregates have three principle functions in the concrete: they provide a relatively cheap filler for the concreting material, or binder, they provide a mass of particles which are suitable for resisting the action of applied loads, of abrasion, of percolation of moisture through the mass, and of climate factors, they reduce volume changes resulting from the action of the setting and hardening of the concrete mass.
All aggregates, both natural and artificial, which have sufficient strength and resistance to weathering, and which do not contain harmful impurities may be used for making concrete.
As aggregates such natural materials as sand, pebbles, broken stone, broken brick, gravel, slag, cinder, pumice and others can be used.
Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete is not a new material. Its successful use has been developed rapidly during the last two decades, chiefly because steel of a more suitable character has been produced. Concrete is strong in compression but weak when used for tensile stresses.
I. Answer the questions
1. What is concrete made by?
2. What valuable properties does concrete have?
3. What are a mass of particles suitable for?