Модальный глагол may / might

Модальный глагол may / mightупотребляется для выражения:

1.разрешения, переводится на русский язык словами могу, можно (ли), могу ли

You maytake my book. Вы можете взять мою книгу.

MayI come in? Можно войти?

2.предположения, переводится на русский язык словами может быть, возможно

It maysnow today. Сегодня, возможно, пойдёт снег.

She maycome to Moscow Она, может быть (возможно),

in the summer. приедет в Москву летом.

Утверждение	Вопрос	Отрицание
I maygo.	MayI go?	I may notgo.
He (she, it) maygo.	Mayhe (she, it) go?	He (she, it) may notgo.
We maygo.	Maywe go?	We may notgo.
You may go.	Mayyou go?	You may notgo.
They maygo.	Maythey go?	They may notgo.

Модальный глагол mightупотребляется для выражения прошедшего времени:

They mightcome. Они могли прийти.

Модальный глагол must

Модальный глагол mustимеет следующие значения:

1.должен, надо, нужно

We must help them. Мы должны помочь им.

He must go to the University. Он должен (ему нужно)

идти в университет.

Youmustphone me. Вы должны позвонить мне.

2) должно быть, вероятно

Shemustknow English well. Она, должно быть, знает

английский хорошо.

They mustbe at home. Они, вероятно, дома.

Утверждение	Вопрос	Отрицание
I mustwork.	MustI work?	I must notwork.
He (she, it) mustwork.	Musthe (she, it) work?	He (she, it) must notwork.
We mustwork.	Mustwe work?	We must notwork.
Youmust work.	Mustyou work?	You must not work.
They mustwork.	Mustthey work?	They must notwork.

Модальный глагол need

Модальный глагол needупотребляется для выражения необходимости совершить действие со значением нужно, надо (только в форме Present Simple в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях):

You need notcome today. Вам не нужно приходить сегодня.

Need she come so early? Нужно ли ей приходить так рано?

Глагол needупотребляется также как смысловой глагол со значением нуждаться (в чём-нибудь) (в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени):

Do they need our help? Им нужна наша помощь?

You neededa rest. Вы нуждались в отдыхе.

They’ll needa flat. Им будет нужна квартира.

Exercise 1.

Fill in the missing modal verbs:

1. You … do out today. It’s too cold. 2.… I take your fountain-pen? – Do, please. 3. We … not carry the bookcase upstairs. It is too heavy. 4. When … you come to see us? – I … come only tomorrow. 5. Shall I write a litter to him? - No, you …, it is not necessary. 6. Mary … finish the work at once. 7.… you cut something without a knife? 8. Peter … return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 9. Why … not you understand it? It is so easy. 10.… we do the exercise at once? 11.… you pronounce this sound?

Exercise 2.

Fill in the missing modal verbs:

1. My sister can read English but she … not read German. 2. Who … recite this poem? 3.… I smoke here? – I am afraid not. 4.… I pay for these books at once? – No, you needn`t. You … pay for them in a day or two. 5. The lesson is over. We … go home now. 6.… I take your dictionary? – Do, please. 7. Must we translate this article in class? – No, you …, you’ll do it at home. 8. You … find our dean upstairs. 9.… I see your father’s study? 10Want king of furniture … you see in the sitting-room? 11. You … take a cold shower every morning. 12.… I come to see you tomorrow at ten o’clock? 13.… you do this translation in the morning? 14. I … be at the Institute at eight. 15. It is dark. You … draw the curtains.

Exercise 3.

Choose the proper word from brackets:

1. (Can, may) you play the piano? 2. (Can, may) Benny watch TV before going to bed? 3. I think I (can, may) do the work myself. 4. (Can, may) your friend speak English? 5. (Can, may) I have another cup of tea? 6. You (Can, may) stay a little longer if you like. 7. I (cannot, may not) hear you. Speak louder, please. 8. You (Can, may) take the book home. 9. (Can, may) I leave my bag with you? 10. I (cannot, may not) believe that.

Exercise 4.

Fill in the blanks with can or may in the correct form:

1. … I visit you one of these days? 2. … you lift this box? 3. When the fog lifted we … see where we were. 4. She asked me if she … use my dictionary. 5. The telephone is out of order. I … not hear anything. 6. … you help me a little? 7. … I read the letter? 8. You … think whatever you like. 9. I … not walk so quickly. I have a weak heart. 10. You … take the textbook. I don’t need it any longer.

Exercise5.

Fill in the blanks with must not or need not:

1. You … ring the bell, I have a key. 2. “You … play with matches,” said Mother. 3. I … go to the shops today. There is plenty of food in the house. 4. You … strike a match; the room is full of gas. 5. We … drive fast; we have plenty of time. 6. You … drive fast; there is a speed limit here. 7. You … turn on the light; I can see quite well. 8. You … ask a woman her age. It’s not polite.

Exercise 6.

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets. Change the modal verb can (could) with the expression to be able to where it is possible.

1. I can give you my book for a couple of days (after I have read it). 2. He can ski (for ten years). 3. We knew that she could swim (since a child). 4. You cannot take part in this serious sport competition (until you have mastered good skills). 5. I could not solve the problem (before he explained it to me). 6. They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 7. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics). 8. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last examination). 9. We can pass to the next exercise (when we have done this one).

Exercise 7.

Insert the modal verb may (might) or the expression to be allowed to. Use to be allowed to only where may (might) can’t be used.

1.… I bring my sister to the party? 2. He asked if he … bring his sister to the party. 3. After they had finished their homework, the children …watch TV.4. He … join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 5. Becky’s mother said that everybody … take part in the picnic. 6. He … go home if he likes. 7. As soon as the boy … leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 8. The doctor says I am much better. I … get up for a few hours every day.

Exercise 8.

Insert the modal verbs may or can.

1. I … finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more. 2. … we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon? 3. What time is it? – It … be about six o’clock, but I am not sure. 4. Only a person who knows the language very well … answer such a question. 5. … I come in? 6. Let me look at your exercises. I … be able to help you. 7. I … not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I … stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am going to learn to swim. 8. Libraries are quite free, and any one who likes … get books there. 9. I … come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 10. Take your raincoat with you: it … rain today. 11. Do you think you … do that?

Exercise 9.

Insert the modal verbs may or can.

1. You … come in when you have taken off your boots. 2. Be careful: you … spill the milk if you carry it like that. 3. Most children … slide on the ice very well. 4. I don’t think I … be here by eleven o’clock tomorrow, but I … be. 5. … you see anything in this inky darkness? 6. You … go when you have finished your compositions. 7. What shall we do if the train is late? It … be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we’ve had. 8. When … you come and see me? – Let me see: I … not come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday I’ll find time. Yes, you … expect me on Sunday about three o’clock. Will that be all right?

Exercise 10.

Insert the modal verbs may (might) or can (could).

1. I use your pen? 2. … I find a pen on that table? 3. You … read this book: you know the language well enough. 4. You … take this book: I don’t need it. 5. … I help you? 6. … I ask you to help me? 7. … you help me? 8. I … not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 9. Something was wrong with the car: he … not start it. 10. A fool … ask more questions than a wise man … answer. 11. She asked me if she … use my telephone. 12. The school was silent: nothing … be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting … be endless, you know. 14. … you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They … think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he … find in the rich university library.

Exercise 11.

Insert the modal verbs can, may or must.

1. What … we see on this map? 2. … you speak Spanish? – No, unfortunately I …. 3. At what time … you come to school? 4. … I come in? 5. You … not smoke here. 6. … take your book? – I am afraid not: I need it. 7. He … not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I … go. 9. They … not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You … read this text: it is easy enough.

Exercise 12. Insert the modal verbs may.

1. Может быть, мы поедем на Волгу. 2. Может быть, она придёт завтра. 3. Может быть, я куплю эту книгу в Москве. 4. Возможно, она пришлёт нам телеграмму. 5. Возможно, они забудут принести газету. 6. Возможно, мой брат забыл позвонить вам. 7. Возможно, она уже купила билеты. 8. Может быть, он уже сделал уроки. 9. Может быть, моя сестра уже поговорила с ними. 10. Возможно, они уехали за границу. 11. Может быть, бабушка спит. 12. Может быть, дети играют у реки. 13. Возможно, они сейчас как-раз обсуждают этот вопрос. 14. Возможно, они сейчас как-раз обедают. 15. Может быть, он сейчас лежит на траве и смотрит на облака.

Exercise 13. Insert the modal verbs may or might.

1. … I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me if she … (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it … (not to stop) raining by the morning. 4. Don’t scold her: the task … (to be) too difficult for her: that’s why she made rather many mistakes. 5. If they don’t miss the train, they …(to arrive) in time. 6. Why isn’t he here yet? What has happened? Oh, he … (to miss) the train. 7. He … (to do) very hard work. That’s why he looks so tired now.

Exercise 14. Insert the modal verbs must.

1. Должно быть, он знает несколько иностранных языков. 2. Должно быть, он сейчас работает над этой проблемой. 3. Наверное, они сейчас наслаждаются прекрасной погодой. 4. Наверное, она пытается найти старые письма. 5. Вероятно, они сейчас любуются красотой южной природы. 6. Вероятно, он уже вернулся с юга. 7. Наверное, она потеряла мой адрес. 8. Должно быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, он всё рассказал на суде. 10. Должно быть, она всё приготовила заранее.

Exercise 15. Insert the modal verbs must.

1. You have been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry. 2. Where are the children? – They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they are having a very good time. 3. He has probably worked very hard to finish his book. 4.She is a very experienced doctor. I am sure that she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 5. Look: Helen’s windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 6. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they arc at the stadium watching the football match. 7. Probably they have changed the school programme. My granddaughter knows a great deal more than I did when I was her age. 8. It is probably a very difficult rule. 9. I am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place. 10. You have probably read books of this author before. 11. I feel sure they are preparing a surprise for us. 12. These old legends were probably composed about a thousand years ago. 13. It is probably nine o’clock by now. 14. He is very old, I think he is nearly eighty. 15. It is probably time to go now. 16. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 17. I am almost sure they have this book in the library.

WEEK 12.

Text 12. “The Economy of the USA”

Grammar: