Practise the dialogue with your group-mate.
Introduce yourself and ask your group-mate the questions:
What’s your name?
Where are you from?
Структура предложений
Чтобы правильно выражать свои мысли по-английски, нужно в первую очередь запомнить, что английский язык – это не русский. Нельзя просто перевести слова и составить предложение. Нельзя задать вопрос, произнося повествовательное предложение с вопросительной интонацией. Нельзя запомнить, например, один вспомогательный глагол «do» или «be» и задавать все вопросы, применяя только его.
Во-первых, следует различать повествовательные и вопросительные предложения. Повествовательные могут быть утвердительными и отрицательными. Вопросы могут быть общими (требуют ответа «Да», «Нет») и специальными («Когда?», «Почему?»), альтернативными («… или … »), разделительными («…, не так ли?»), к подлежащему («Кто, что…?»).
Во-вторых, простое утвердительное предложение, как правило, начинается с подлежащего. В английском предложении оно обязательно. Дальше следует сказуемое. Оно может быть очень длинным (составным), а может состоять из одного слова.
Eg. You should have met me at the station.
My mother is a doctor.
I love you.
Далее могут следовать дополнение и обстоятельство. Как правило, если в русском предложении нет глагола, например, между подлежащим и прилагательным («Она умная»), подлежащим и существительным («Мой друг - студент»), подлежащим и причастием («Я удивлен»), то в этом случае в английском предложении ставится глагол-связка «to be».
She is clever.
My friend is a doctor.
I am surprised.
Study the pronouns.
| he – он she – она it – оно I – я we – мы you – ты, вы they – они | his – его her – её its – его my – мой our – наш your – твой, ваш their – их |
Study the forms of the verb “to be” in the Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense.
Утвердительная форма (Positive)
| I | am | I’m = I am | |
| He | is | from Spain | He’s = He is |
| She | She’s = She is | ||
| It | It’s = It is | ||
| We | are | We’re = We are | |
| You | You’re = You are | ||
| They | They’re = They are |
Отрицательная форма (Negative)
| I | am | I am not = I’m not | |
| He | is | from Spain | He is not = He isn’t |
| She | She is not = She isn’t | ||
| It | It is not = It isn’t | ||
| We | are | We are not = We aren’t | |
| You | You are not = You aren’t | ||
| They | They are not = They aren’t |
Общие вопросы и краткие ответы (Questions and short answers)
| Questions | Short answers | ||
| Am I Are you Is he Is she Is it Are we Are they | here? married? Russian? on holiday? Friday? friends? in New York? | Yes, you are. Yes, I am. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, they are. | No, you aren’t. No, I’m not. No, he isn’t. No, she isn’t. No, it isn’t. No, we aren’t. No, they aren’t. |
Специальные вопросы (Special questions)
| What | ‘s are | your job? your names? |
| Where | ‘s are | Alain from? your friends? |
| How old | ‘s are | Richard? you? |
| Who | ‘s are | your teacher? they? |
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.
Example: My name is Olga.
1. Where __ you from?
2. I __ from the USA.
3. They ___ doctors.
4. This ___ my teacher.
5. Her name ___ Maria.
6. ___ it hot today?
7. We ___ students.
8. My brother ___ single.
9. ___ they married?
10. Her surname __ Petrova.
Rewrite the sentences using short forms.
Example: She is on business. She’s on business.
1. He is a student.
2. I am Svetlana.
3. You are on holiday.
4. I am not married.
5. We are not from Madrid.
6. She is not at school.
7. They are from the USA.
Correct the sentences.
Example: Minsk is in Russia.
Minsk isn’t in Russia. It’s in Belarus.
1. You are from Spain.
2. We are in a Russian class.
3. Snow is hot.
4. You are at home.
5. Three and four is ten.
6. Your teacher is single.
7. You are forty years old.
Put the questions into the correct order.
Example: you/ a student/ are ? Are you a student?
1. you/ are/ twenty?
2. from/ is/ Belarus/ your teacher?
3. what/ your/ e-mail address/ ‘s?
4. old/ how/ is/ your mother?
5. where/ from/ Jennifer Lopez/ ‘s?
6. you/ single/ are?
Give short answers to the questions.
Example: Are you a student? Yes, I am.
1. Is your mother at work?
2. Is your father a doctor?
3. Is it cold today?
4. Is Belarus in Europe?
5. Are you married?
6. Are you single?
7. Are you from the USA?
Read about Carlos.
My name’s Carlos Sanchez. I’m a student. I’m 20. I live in a flat in Madrid in Spain. I’m not married.
Answer the questions about Carlos.
1. What is his name?
2. What is his surname?
3. How old is he?
4. Where is he from?
5. Is he married?
Write about you.
Pay attention to the way we speak about our age.
I’m 18. or I’m 18 years old.
She is 30. or She is 30 years old.
Study the numbers.
| one | twenty-one | ||
| two | twenty-two | ||
| three | twenty-three | ||
| four | twenty-four | ||
| five | twenty-five | ||
| six | twenty-six | ||
| seven | twenty-seven | ||
| eight | twenty-eight | ||
| nine | twenty-nine | ||
| ten | thirty | ||
| eleven | forty | ||
| twelve | fifty | ||
| thirteen | sixty | ||
| fourteen | seventy | ||
| fifteen | eighty | ||
| sixteen | ninety | ||
| seventeen | one hundred | ||
| eighteen | |||
| nineteen | |||
| twenty |
Количественные числительные от 13 до 19 образуются прибавлением 20 суффикса –teen к основе. Числительные, обозначающие десятки, прибавляют к основе суффикс –ty.