Правила чтения буквосочетаний гласных (гласных с согласными)
| Буква | Буквосочетания | Звук | Примеры |
| A a | a + ir | [εə] | air, hair, chair, pair, fair |
| ay, ai | [eı] | play, pay, say, day, today, aim, rain, paint, main, nail | |
| a + n a + f a + s+ согласная a + th a + l | [a:] | plant, branch, can't after, craft grass, class, fast, task path, rather, father half, palm | |
| a + ll a + lk w + ar | [ɔ:] | all, ball, tall, call, small chalk, talk, walk war, warm, award, warn, reward | |
| w(h) + a | [wɔ] | was, what, want, wash, watch | |
| aw | [ɔ:] | law, saw, draw, strawberry | |
| a + nge | [eı] | change, strange, 'exchange | |
| au (gh) | [ɔ:] | author, autumn, daughter | |
| E e | ee, ea | [i:] | see, meet, tree, green, street, feel, sea, meat, tea, team, peace |
| ea + d, th, lth но: | [e] [i:] | head, dead, bread, death, health read, lead, reader, leader | |
| ea + r + согл. | [ə:] | earn, earth, early, learn | |
| ear, eer | [ıə] | hear, near, ear, clear, dear, fear | |
| ew | [ju:] | new, knew, newspaper, few | |
| ei | [i:] | ceiling, receive, deceive, seize | |
| er (в суффиксе) | [ə] | worker, driver, painter | |
| ey (под ударением) но: | [eı] | they, grey, obey key [ki:] | |
| ey (в неударном слоге) | [ı] | money, hockey, trolley | |
| I i | ie (перед согласной) | [i:] | field, piece, niece, brief, chief |
| ie (в конце слова) | [aı] | lie, tie, die | |
| igh | [aı] | night, fight, high, sigh, sight, flight | |
| i + nd но: I + ld | [aı] [ı] [aı] | kind, find, mind, blind wind, window mild, child, (но: children) | |
| O o | oo + n, l | [u:] | moon, soon, too, spoon, cool, fool |
| oo + k | [u] | look, book, took, cook | |
| ou но: | [au] [u] | house, round, out, about should, could | |
| ough + t | [ɔ:] | bought, thought, fought, brought | |
| oa | [əυ] | coat, boat, soap, road, toast | |
| ow (в середине слова) | [aυ] | town, brown, down, power, powder | |
| ow (в конце слова) но: | [əυ] [au] | window, slow, row, snow, grow now, how | |
| oy oi | [ɔı] | boy, toy, noise, voice, soil choice, coin, boil | |
| o + ld | [əυ] | old, cold, sold, hold, told, bold | |
| our | [ɔ:] | four, court, course, your, fourth | |
| our, ower | [aυə] | our, hour, shower, flower, tower, power | |
| o + m + n + v +th но: | [Λ] [u:] | some, come, among, money son, won, wonderful, front glove, love, lovely mother, brother, other prove, move, movement, improvement | |
| ous | [ə] | famous, dangerous, various | |
| or | [ə] | doctor, tractor, conductor | |
| U u | ue | [ju:] | due, sue, hue |
| после r, l | [u:] | true, blue | |
| ure – в открытом слоге после –s но: | [υə] [υ] | sure, surely sugar | |
| u – в закрытом слоге после f, p, b | [υ] | full, push, bush, bull | |
| в открытом слоге после r, j | [u:] | rule, June, jubilee, rumour | |
| Y y | перед гласной в начале слова | [j] | yes, yet, year, yesterday |
| в безударном положении на конце слова | [ı] | city, money, holiday, lady, lazy, fifty, seventy |
Не следует испытывать отчаяние при виде подобных таблиц. Мы приводим их для того, чтобы Вы могли внимательно изучить звукобуквенные соответствия и использовать их для тренировки чтения. Настоящая уверенность к Вам придет тогда, когда Вы будете употреблять эти слова в своей речи.
Pronunciation exercises
Read the words. Compare their pronunciation and spelling.
| ear | – | air | girl | – | goal | took | – | tour | were | – | war | – | was |
| beer | – | bear | burn | – | bone | put | – | poor | work | – | warm | – | want |
| here | – | hear | turn | – | tone | shook | – | sure | worst | – | water | – | watch |
Match the words and the vowel symbols.
Eg. 1-f
1. Meet a. [a:]
2. Let b. [æ]
3. Bit c. [e]
4. Law d. [ə]
5. Back e. [ı]
6. Cut f. [i:]
7. Third g. [b]
8. Mood h. [3:]
9. Clock i. [ɔ:]
10. Good g. [u:]
11. Arch k. [υ]
12. About l. [Λ]
Match the words and the vowel symbols.
Eg. 1-c
1. May a. [əυ]
2. Buy b. [aı]
3. Poor c. [eı]
4. No d. [ıə]
5. Toy e. [aυ]
6. Dare f. [υə]
7. Mouse g. [eə]
8. Dear h. [ɔı]
Write out the pairs with the same vowel sound.
Eg. Car – farm
1. Blue – you
2. One – phone
3. Arm – are
4. Five – eye
5. Red – head
6. Book – door
7. Eight – they
8. Watch – bad
9. Chair – their
10. Box – dog
11. Your – our
12. Where – here
Find the word which doesn’t contain the same sound.
Eg. root, school, good, cool – good.
1. Life, mine, live, ride, pie
2. Read, big, street, jeans, meat
3. Phone, bowl, house, boat, home
4. Hair, wear, here, air, pear
5. Bar, charm, war, rather, far
6. Box, yellow, phone, post, home
Правила чтения согласных
| Буква и буквосочетание | Звук | Примечание | Примеры |
| B b bt | [b] [t] | в конце слова | bus, but, about, better, butter, by, book, bed, bag, bad debt, doubt |
| С с | [s] [k] [∫] | перед e, i, y в остальных случаях перед безударной гласной | face, city, cinema, cycle, since, ice, space, centre cap, cat, cut, cry, copy, capital, come, close, clock ocean, social, special, musician, ancient, racial |
| cc | [ks] [k] | перед e, i, y в остальных случаях | accept, success, accent, accident occur, according, accomplish, accumulate, occupy, occasion |
| ch tch | [t∫] | chess, rich, cheese, chop, much, match, kitchen, watch, catch | |
| ch | [k] [∫] | в словах греческого происхождения в словах французского происхождения | school, architect, chemistry, character, archeology, technical machine, machinery, machinist |
| ck | [k] | black, sick, back, pack, neck, check | |
| D d dg | [d] [-] [ʤ] | перед согласными | date, made, end, decide, old grandmother, handsome, handkerchief bridge, knowledge, judge, sledge |
| F f ften | [f] [fn] | five, if, finish, face, family often, soften | |
| G g | [ʤ] [g] | перед e, i, y в остальных случаях | page, change, gymnasium, stage но: [g] - get, give, begin go, green, grey, grow |
| gh | [-] [f] | после au, ou в словах: | weight, eight, bought, brought, fought, daughter laugh, enough, cough |
| gn | [n] | в начале и в конце слова | foreign, sign |
| H h | [h] [-] | he, his, here, have, home, hundred, husband hour, honour, honest, exhibition | |
| K k kn | [k] [n] | в начале слова | kill, keep, king, kitchen, kiss know, knee, knife, knock |
| L l alm, alf, alk | [l] [-] | lake, late, light, listen, leg talk, calm, half, chalk | |
| M m mb mn | [m] [m] | в конце слова | miss, meal, seem, team climb, bomb, comb autumn, column |
| N n ng nk | [n] [ŋ] [ŋk] | в конце слова | never, number, nobody, next, notice sing, song, interesting, thing drink, bank, ink, tank, thank |
| P p ph | [p] [f] | в словах греческого происхождения | pen, pencil, pupil, publish, top phone, physics, philosophy, philologist, symphony, phase |
| Qu | [kw] [k] | в словах французского происхождения | queen, question, quick, quite, queue unique, technique |
| Rr | [r] | red, ready, rain, sorry, mirror, trip | |
| S s ss ssion sion sure sh sc sten stle | [s] [z] [s] [∫] [∫(ə)n] [ʒn] [ʒə] [∫] [s] [sn] [sl] | в начале слова но: [∫] после глухих согласных после звонких согласных и гласных перед безудар- ным слогом в конце слова перед е, i, у | see, sea, son, sun, stand, stop sugar, sure maps, cats, books, hats, caps pens, bags, days, girls, boys these, cheese, please, nose, rose class, pass, success, kiss, miss Russian session, discussion, comission, opression decision, conclusion, revision, invasion, confusion, television pleasure, treasure, leisure, measure she, ship, fish, shop, short science, scientist, scene, scenery listen, fasten whistle, wrestling |
| T t th tion ture | [t] [θ] [ð] [∫(ə)n] [t∫ə] | ten, twenty, table, sit, teeth thing, thank, three, tooth this, those, with, without, weather demonstration, revolution, dictation, translation, attention picture, future, lecture, culture, nature, feature, furniture | |
| V v | [v] | live, leave, voice, move, vase | |
| W w wh wh+o wr | [w] [w] [h] [r] | win, want, water, wind, twins when, where, why, what, which, white, whisper, while who, whom, whose, whole wrong, write, writer, wrestling | |
| X x | [ks] [gz] | в конце слова и перед согласными перед ударной гласной | box, fox, six, taxi, text, excuse, exercise examination, example, exist, exact |
| Z z | [z] | lazy, zone, zero, zoo, zoology |
Pronunciation exercises
1. Read the words with the letter h. Decide which of them contain the sound [h].
| hotel | hour | home |
| who | why | happy |
| honest | hospital | half |
| which | when | honour |
2. Read the words with the letter c. Write out the words with the sound [k].
| cat | cut | since |
| city | centre | clock |
| face | cake | come |
| cube | space | cinema |
| ocean | special | occur |
3. Put the words into 2 columns according to the pronunciation of the letters th.
Clothes, month, they, other, health, three, leather, north, father, thank, tooth, weather, with.
| θ | |
| ð |
Can you add more words?
4. Read the words with the letter s. What sounds can you hear?
Miss, safe, easy, ship, measure, mechanic, profession, cheese, sun, session, listen, sugar, sea, please, days, television, sure, books, science.
5. Read the words and decide which of them contain the sound [w].
| warm | own | heavy | watch | write |
| two | view | when | violence | white |
| how | world | borrow | question | who |
6. Read the words with the letter g and decide which of them contain the sound [g].
| gentle | girl | give | green | grace |
| guest | begin | change | sign | go |
| ago | page | gate | guide | enough |
7. Read the words below and decide which of them contain the sound [ŋ].
| winter | drink | young | thing |
| sink | thanks | children | expensive |
| English | window | modern | thin |
| pond | uncle | win | darling |
8. Read the words below and decide which of them contain the sound [∫].
| chef | children | shoes | she |
| special | ship | measure | ocean |
| catch | sure | profession | teacher |
| short | mechanic | certain | action |