Divide your class into 2 teams. Match each specific term in column I. With the generic term in column II. The team which is the first to match the terms correctly wins the score.
I II
barbell basket-ball
racket cricket
wicket golf
alpenstock fencing
knockout figure-skating
bishop tennis
catcher ice-hockey
gauntlet mountaineering
puck baseball
tee boxing
spin chess-playing
spike weight lifting
III. Read one of the short stories by W. S. Maugham and speak about it in class. Speak not only on the contents, but also give analyses of the characters, the author's mastership, methods of characterization, style and language. See Notes on Style, p. 52.
UNIT SEVEN
I SPEECH PATTERNS
1.There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery can be found.
There is hardly a book by this author which he has not read.
There was hardly a football match which he missed.
There is hardly another team with better opportunities to win.
2. That would make you think you were in Holland.
The teacher made Jack rub out all the ink marks in his textbook.
They couldn't make William Tell bow before the tyrant's cap.
The slightest noise would make him start.
Make him repeat the rule. (Bur: He was made to repeat the rule.)
EXERCISES
I. Change the following sentences to as to use the patterns:
Pattern 1: 1. Idon't think there is another hockey-team of equal popularity. 2. There was not a single world championship he missed. 3. I'm not sure we have a vacancy on our staff. 4. We've no more time, butyou can finish the composition off at home. 5. There was scarcely a living soul at the stadium. 6. I don't think there is any reason for their losing the game.
Pattern 2:1. The coach forced the athletes to postpone their training. 2. The strangers wanted Roger to drive up to the back yard, and he obeyed. 3. They will never force Andrew to break his promise. 4. During the conversation she felt uneasy. 5. He will not break with his bad habits, no matter what you are saying.
II. Complete tee following, using Pattern 2:
1. What events made you ...? 2. Who could make your friend ...? 3. Which of the experiments made the scientist...? 4. What kind of lesson makes you .,.? 5. What made Leo Tolstoy ...? 6. The new coach made us ... .
III. Translate the following sentences into English, using the patterns:
1. Едва ли найдется страна, в которой не побывал бы старый моряк. 2. Едва ли есть другой город с таким населением, как Токио. 3. Едва ли у них была другая возможность освободить Овода. 4. Едва ли найдется человек, который не любит представлений кукольного театра. 5. Ужас! Пожалуй нет другого слова, чтобы описать мое состояние в тот момент. 6. Пожалуй не было ни одного соревнования по шахматам, которое бы он пропустил. 7. Едва ли найдется другой тренер, такой внимательный и терпеливый. 8. Что заставило вашего брата бросить бокс? 9. Двое воришек заставили Оливера лезть через окно. 10. Дориан думал, что ничто не заставит его нарушить обещание, данное Сибилле Вейн. 11. Игра актера заставляла зрителя не только чувствовать, но и думать, 12. Что заставило Байрона сражаться на стороне греческого народа? 13. Что заставило Лэнни вернуться в Стилвелд? 14. Этот эпизод рассмешил мою сестру, а меня опечалил.
IV. Respond to the following statements and questions, using the patterns. (Make use of the conversational formulas given in the Reminder.)
1. I believe the Tower of London comes first among the historic buildings of London. 2. I think Vasily Blazheny Cathedral is quite unique. 3. The City of London is overcrowded in the daytime. 4. Christopher Wren was the most talented British architect of the XVII century. 5. Since 1927 up to 1946 A. Alekhin was the most outstanding chess-player. 6. Most schools in Britain have adopted the core curriculum. 7. Can you lend me a rouble? 8. All of them are staring at the advertisement. I wonder, why? 9. When I mentioned his name Mary buried her face in her hands and would never answer my question.
Reminder. You don't say sol Just [only) fancy! Indeed? Why! Is that sol Dear me! Who'd have thought it? I am surprised. I am shocked. It's amazing! It's incredible] Certainly! Of course. Naturally! Yes indeed! Looks like that. Well, I think.
TEXT. THE BRITISH ISLES
The British Isles consist of two main islands: Great Britain and Ireland. These and over five hundred small islands are known collectively as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Their total area is some 94, 250 square miles.[57] Great Britain proper comprises England, Wales and Scotland. The southern part of the isle of Ireland is the Irish Republic (or Eire).
Britain is comparatively small, but there is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery can be found in so small a compass. There are wild desolate mountains in the northern Highlands of Scotland — the home of the deer and the eagle — that are as lonely as any in Norway. There are flat tulip fields round the Fens[58] — a blaze of colour in spring, that would make you think you were in Holland. Within a few miles of Manchester and Sheffield you can be in glorious heather-covered moors.[59]
Once the. British Isles were part of the mainland of Europe — the nearest point is across the Strait of Dover, where the chalk cliffs of Britain are only twenty-two miles from those of France.[60]
The seas round the British Isles are shallow. The North Sea is nowhere more than 600 feet deep, so that if St. Paul's Cathedral were put down in any part of it some of the cathedral would still be above water. This shallowness is in some ways an advantage. Shallow water is warmer than deep water and helps to keep the shores from extreme cold. It is, too, the home of millions of fish, and more than a million tons are caught every year.
You have noticed on the map how deeply indented the coast line is. This indentation gives a good supply of splendid harbours for ships; and you will note, too, that owing to the shape of the country there is no point in it that is more than seventy miles from the sea — a fact that has greatly facilitated the export of manufactures and has made the English race a sea-loving one.
On the north-west the coasts are broken by high rocky cliffs. This is especially noticeable in north-west Scotland, where you have long winding inlets (called "lochs") and a great many islands. Western Scotland is fringed by the large island chain known as the Hebrides, and to the north east of the Scottish mainland are the Orkney and Shetland Islands.
In Scotland you have three distinct regions. There is, firstly, the Highlands, then there is the central plain or Lowlands. Finally there are the southern uplands, "the Scott country,"[61] with their gently rounded hills where the sheep wander. Here there are more sheep to the square mile than anywhere in the British Isles.
In England and Wales all the high land is in the west and north-west. The south-eastern plain reaches the west coast only at one or two places — at the Bristol Channel and by the mouths of the rivers Dee and Mersey.
In the north you find the Cheviots[62] separating England from Scotland, the Pennines going down England like a backbone and the Cumbrian mountains оf thе Lake District,[63] one of the loveliest (and the wettest) parts of England. In the west are the Cambrian mountains which occupy the greater part of Wales.
The south-eastern part of England is a low-lying land with gentle hills and a coast which is regular in outline, sandy or muddy, with occasional chalk cliffs, and inland a lovely pattern of green and gold — for most of England's wheat is grown here — and brown plough-land with pleasant farms and cottages in their midst. Its rich brown soil is deeply cultivated — much of it is under wheat; fruit-growing is extensively carried on. A quarter of the sugar used in the country comes from sugar-beet grown there, but the most important crop is potatoes.
The position of the mountains naturally determined the direction and length of the rivers, and the longest rivers, except the Severn and Clyde, flow into the North Sea, and even the Severn flows eastward or south-east for the greater part of its length.
The rivers of Britain are of no great value as water-ways — the longest, the Thames, is a little over 200 miles— andfew of them are navigable except near the mouth for anything but the smaller vessels.
In the estuaries of the Thames, Mersey, Tyne, Clyde, Tay, Forth and Bristol Avon[64] are some of the greatest ports.
(From "Essential English for Foreign Students" by C. E. Eckersley, Book 3, Lnd., 1997. Adapted)
Memory Work
The sea is calm to-night,
The tide is full, the moon lies fair
Upon the Straits; — on the French coast, the light
Gleams, and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,
Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.
Come to the window, sweet is the night air!
Only, from the long tine of spray
Where the ebb meets the moon-blanch'd sand,
Listen! you hear the grating roar
Of pebbles which the waves suck back, and fling,
At their return, up the high strand,
Begin, and cease, and then again begin,
With tremulous cadence slow, and bring
The eternal note of sadness in.
(From "Dover Beach" by Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
VOCABULARY NOTES
1. varyυt/i 1. менять(ся); изменять(ся); разнообразить, е.g. Market prices often vary. I try to vary my diet.
Syn. change
2. разниться, расходиться, е.g. Our opinions vary.
Syn. differ
Note: varyis to change or differ partially.
variant n вариант, е.g. This word has two spelling variants.
various adj (a noun in the singular is never used after it)
1. различный, разный, е.g. There are various reasons for my refusal.
2. разнообразный, е.g. I'll give you various exercises on that rule.
Syn. different, е.g. They are quite different people.
varied adj разнообразный (used with nouns both sing, and pi.), е.g. varied climate, scenery, surface, temperature, opinions, sports, etc., е.g. The novel describes the varied career of an adventurer.
variety n 1. разнообразие, е.g. You must have more variety in your food.
2. разновидность; вид, е.g. I've got some rare varieties of such stamps. There are some rare varieties of leaf-bearing trees in the park.
variety-showварьете, эстрадный концерт
2. scene n 1. сцена, явление (в пьесе), е.g. The duel scene in "Hamlet" impressed us greatly. Her acting was wonderful in the last scene.
2. место действия (в пьесе, в книге, в жизни), е.g. In the first act the scene is laid in France. Trafalgar was the scene of a famous battle between the British fleet and the combined French and Spanish fleets.
3. пейзаж, картина, зрелище, е.g. I like the way this writer describes rural scenes. You could see awful scenes after the earthquake.
scenery n (uncountable) 1. декорация, е.g. The scenery was impressive in the last act. They have almost no scenery in that play.; 2. пейзаж, ландшафт, е.g. I prefer plains to mountain scenery. I looked out of the window enjoying the scenery.
3. shallowadj 1. мелкий, as shallow water, a shallow dish
Ant. deep
2. поверхностный, пустой; несерьезный, as a shallow mind, argument; shallow interests; a shallow man, person
Ant. serious (about a person, book, argument), deep (love, feelings)
Note:the Russian word мелкий has different meanings which are rendered in English by means of different words: 1) fine — состоящий из мелких частей, as fine sand, buckwheat, 2) small — некрупный (о достоинстве монет), as small change (uncountable)', 3) flat — неглубокий, почти плоский, as a flat pan (plate).
4. extreme adj 1. крайний (at or near the end or edge), as the extreme end (edge, border, etc.), in the extreme North
2. чрезвычайный; чрезмерный, as extreme patience (love, kindness, interest)
extremelyadv чрезвычайно, as to be extremely interested in smth., to be extremely sorry for smb., smth., etc.
5. supplyυt снабжать, е.g. In our hall the students are supplied with all the necessary furniture and bedding. Who will supply the expedition with all the necessary equipment?
supplyn (often pl) запас(ы), е.g. This shop has alarge supply of winter coats.
to give a good supply of,е.g. These forests give a good supply of timber.
6. shapen форма, очертание, е.g. I don't like the shape of his nose. This sculpture hasn't got much shape, I should say.
Syn. form, outline
in the shape of, е.g. I want to get a brooch in the shape of a horseshoe.
shapeless adj бесформенный, е.g. He had a ragged coat and a shapeless hat on.
shapelyadj красивой формы; стройный, хорошо сложенный, as a shapely figure
7. channeln канал, a stretch of water wider than a strait, joining two seas or separating two bodies of land, as the English Channel, the Bristol Channel
Syn. 1. ca'nalканал — a channel for water made by man, not by nature, used for ships or for carrying water to places that need it, as the Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the Volga-Don Canal, the Fergana Canal; 2. straitпролив — a narrow channel of water connecting two large bodies of water, as the Magellan Strait, the Strait of Dover
8. valuen ценность, значение, е.g. The literary value of that book is not great. I don't believe you realize the value of his advice.
to be of great (little, some, no) value to smb.,е.g. In some years his pictures will be of great value. This book will be of no value in your studies.
value υt 1. ценить, дорожить, е.g. I greatly value his friendship.
Syn. appreciate(о)ценить высоко, по заслугам, е.g. We all appreciate aholiday after a year of hard work. I greatly appreciate your kindness.
2. оценивать, е.g. He valued the house for me at £ 800.
valuableadj ценный, е.g. It's a valuable picture.
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)
Words
advantage n flow υ shapely adj
canal n harbour n soil n
channel n lonely adj strait n
cliff nmanufacture n supply υ
comparatively adv plain n valuable adj
crop n plough υ value υ, n
cultivate υ rocky adj varied adj
deer n scene n variety n
distinct adj scenery n various adj
eagle n shallow adj vary v
extreme adj shape n wander υ
extremely adv shapeless adj wheat n
Word Combinations
to the west (east, north; south) of in the north (south, east, west)
within a few miles (metres, etc.) of to separate smth. from smth.
to keep smth. from (cold, regular in outline
heat, bad influence, etc.) under wheat (rye,etc.)
on the map to flow into (the sea, lake, river)
to givea good supply of owing to the shape (rain, etc.)
to flow (from, out of) to be of great (little, some, no) value
EXERCISES
I. Read the text and do the following (A. Grammar, B. Word usage, C. Word-formation):
A. 1. Pick out all proper names and arrange them into two groups — nouns with the definite article and without it; explain the use of the article. 2. Search the text for sentences with inversion. Transform them into regular sentences and compare them with the original ones. Specify what kind of inversion it is. 3. What tense group is predominant in the text and why?
B. 1. Pick out all the adjectives that go together with the following nouns: sea, lake, river; mountains, hills, cliffs; area, land, field, moors, upland, lowland. 2. Mark all the cases when nouns are defined by two adjectives; comment on the word order; is it possible to change it? 3. Pick out all the nouns defined by the adjective small; is it possible to use little instead? 4. Search the text for the combinations of Adv +Adj ending in -ed, translate them into Russian and use them in sentences of your own.
C. 1. Pick out all the derivatives and classify them according to the suffix. 2. Search the text for compounds and comment on their structure. 3. Pick out from the text all the words that have homonyms. Spell, transcribe and classify them.
II. Write English equivalents of the following:
более миллиона тонн, миллионы людей, двести озер, глубиной 600 футов, сотни миль, длина Темзы немногим больше 200 миль, сотни островков, общая площадь Великобритании около 94 250 кв. миль или 244 000 кв. километров, население — 56 миллионов человек.
III. a) Make up a list of geographical names used in the text (mind the articles) and transcribe them.
b) Transcribe and translate the following words:
advantage, canal, channel, comparatively, desolate, determine, estuary, extremely, glorious, heather, indentation, manufacture, moor, navigable, occasionally, plough, scenery, strait, total, vague, value, vary, wander, wheat, wind.
с) Translate the following verbs into English. Give their four forms: