Отрицательная и вопросительная формы Present Simple

Мы уже хорошо знаем, как образуются вопросы и отрицания с глаголом to be. Глагол to be становится перед подлежащим в вопросе и принимает на себя частицу not в отрицании:

John is an engineer.	They are friends.
Is John an engineer?	Are they friends?
John is not an engineer.	They are not friends.

Однако основная масса глаголов этого делать не может. Поэтому для образования вопросов и отрицаний используется вспомогательный глагол to do, который отбирает у смыслового глагола личное окончание (s или нулевое), а дальше ведет себя точно так же, как и глагол to be.

John likes reading. = = John [does like] reading.	They visit_ friends. = = They [do_ visit] friends.
Does John like reading?	Do_ they visit friends?
John does not like reading.	They do_ not visit friends.

Обратите внимание, смысловой глагол (like, visit) во второй и третьей строке, а также в скобках в первой остался в инфинитиве, там уже никаких окончаний быть не может! Формы do и does стоят перед подлежащим в вопросе и после них используется not в отрицании.

Формы do not и does not имеют сокращения:

do not = don’t

does not = doesn’t

Упр. 10.1 Проспрягайте глаголы work, read, help по данному образцу.

I live We live You live He lives She lives It lives They live

Do I live? Do we live? Do you live? Does he live? Does she live? Does it live? Do they live?

I don’t live. We don’t live. You don’t live. He doesn’t live. She doesn’t live. It doesn’t live. They don’t live.

Упр. 10.2 Напишите предложения в отрицательной форме.

Model: I go to the university four times a week. →
I don’t go the university four times a week.

1. Ann and Susan go to the university by bus.

2. I speak German.

3. Peter works at the Admiralty yard.

4. You study French.

5. The course lasts four years.

Упр. 10.3 Напишите предложения в вопросительной форме.

Model:Ann studies for a Bachelor’s degree. →
Does Ann study for a Bachelor’s degree?

1. You understand me.

2. He translates sentences from English into Russian.

3. They go to the cinema at weekends.

4. Your sister stays at home on Sundays.

5. We drink coffee in the morning.

Упр. 10.4 Напишите предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме. (Будьте внимательны – глагол to be вспомогательного do не требует!)

1. She writes letters to her parents.

2. My friends are at college.

3. Jack studies materials science.

4. The lecture is at 12.30.

5. We go to the Marine College.

6. It takes an hour to get to the university.

Диалог

Упр. 11.1 Прочитайте диалог (выделенные слова вынесены в примечание к диалогу) и скажите, почему Галина хочет сменить работу, и какая работа ей нужна.

A.: Good morning!

B.: Morning! Can I have your name, please?

A.: My name is Galina Ulanova.

B.: Where are you from?

A.: I’m from Saint-Petersburg.

B.: How old are you?

A.: I’m 35 (thirty-five years old).

B.: Where were you born?

A.: I was born in Moscow.

B.: What do you do?

A.: I work at the Admiralty Yard as a secretary at the Human Resources Department.

B.: Do you enjoy your job?

A.: I’m afraid I don’t. The job is well-paid, but my working hours begin very early in the morning. I work hard all day through, and I have three children. I need more time for bringing them up.

B.: Are you married?

A.: Yes, I am. My husband is a manager of a big shipbuilding company. He is always very busy.

B.: And what kind of work do you want?

A.: I want to have a part-time job as an engineer. I’m interested in a creative job but I don’t have opportunities for working full-time because of my family.

B.: How old are your children?

A.: They are four, six and eight.

B.: What do you like doing in your free time?

A.: As my family likes walking, we usually go outdoors, sometimes to Lomonosov and Petrodvorets to visit the parks.

B: Thank you very much for your answers.

Notes

Human Resources Department – отдел кадров

well-paid – хорошо оплачиваемый

all day through – весь день напролет

bring up – воспитывать

what kind of – какой

creative – творческий

opportunity – возможность

Упр. 11.2 На основе диалога составьте текст о Галине.

Her name is Galina Ulanova. She is from Saint-Petersburg. She works at …

Посмотрите на вопросы и ответы из диалога.

‘Do you enjoy your job?’ – ‘I’m afraid I don’t.

‘Are you married?’ – ‘Yes, I am.’

Аналогично тому, как строились краткие ответы на вопросы с глаголом to be, в кратких ответах на вопросы с другими глаголами в Present Simple используется местоимение и соответствующая форма глагола do:

‘Does Robert work at a plant?’ ‘Yes, he does. / No, he does not(he doesn’t).’

‘Do your parents live in Canada?’ ‘Yes, they do. / No, they do not(they don’t).’

‘Is Tom a student?’ ‘Yes, he is. / No, he is not (he isn’t).

Упр. 11.3 Дайте краткие ответы на следующие вопросы.

1. Do you speak English well?

2. Are you at work now?

3. Does your boss have lunch at 1 o’clock?

4. Is your best friend a doctor?

5. Do you write letters to your parents?

6. Does your mother (wife, sister, …) get up early in the morning?

7. Is the sun yellow?

8. Do your colleagues always help you?