Предлоги by и with в страдательном залоге
Если действие над предметом, выраженным подлежащим, производится «кем-то», то используется предлогby. Пример: This poem was written by Lermontov. – Эта поэма была написана Лермонтовым. Если действие над предметом, выраженным подлежащим, производится с помощью какого-то инструмента, то используется предлог with. Пример: This letter was written with a pen. – Этописьмобылонаписаноручкой.
Exercise 7.1Fill in: is, are, was or were.
1. A short story competition isorganised by our school every year.
2. The electric light bulb …... invented by Thomas Edison in 1879.
3. Many films …… produced in Hollywood.
4. The Lost City of the Incas ......... ..located in Peru.
5. The film Titanic ...........directed by James Cameron.
6. The Special Olympics World Games. ……..held every four years.
7. Toyota cars …… made in Japan.
8. Penicillin ...........discovered by Alexander Fleming.
9. The Harry Potter books ………written by J. K. Rowling.
10. The Parthenon …….visited by thousands of tourists each year.
11. Breakfast ……..served from 7:00 am to 11:00 am daily.
12. Coffee ...........grown in Brazil.
Exercise 7.2 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form, present or past.
causeovertakedamageshowhold
surround invite translatemake write
1. Many accidents are causedby dangerous driving.
2. Cheese …….. from milk.
3. The roof of the building ………. in a storm a few days ago.
4. You ………..to the wedding. Why didn't you go?
5. A cinema is a place where films ............... .
6. In the United States, elections for president ..................every four years.
7. Originally the book …… in Spanish, and a few years ago it………… into English.
8. Although we were driving fast,we ……………by a lot of other cars.
9. You can't see the house from the road. It .... .......... by trees.
Exercise 7.3Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple Passive.
Two men 1) were seen(see) breaking into a house last night. The police 2) ..............(call) and one man 3) .................. (catch) immediately. The other escaped but he 4) ..................(find) soon after. Both men 5) ..................(take) to the police station where they 6) ………..(question) separately by a police officer. The two men 7) ..................(charge) with burglary.
Exercise 7.4Write sentences in the Past Simple Passive.
DID YOU KNOW?
1. The toothbrush /invent/in the fifteen century.
The toothbrush was invented in the fifteen century.
2. The first pair of sunglasses/wear/in the 1200s
________________________________________
3. The first bicycle/ride/in1791.
________________________________________
4. The first hot dogs/eat/in the 1860s.
________________________________________
5. The first computer mouse/use/in 1964.
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6. The first CDs/sell/in the 1980s.
________________________________________
7. The first public basketball game/play/in 1892.
________________________________________
Exercise 7.5How are music videos made? Turn the following sentences into the Present Simple Passive.
1. The music producer chooses the song for the music video.
The song for the music video is chosen by the music producer.
2. A director directs the music video.
_________________________________________________
3. A cameraman shoots the video.
________________________________________________
4. A singer or band sings the song.
________________________________________________
5. The music company produces the music video.
___________________________________________
Exercise 7.6Fill in by or with.
1. The photos were taken .witha digital camera.
2. The room was decorated ............flowers.
3. The Green Mile was written ………Stephen King.
4. The sauce was made ……..onions and peppers.
Exercise 7.7Writing practice. Rewrite the article and put the underlined parts into the passive.
You are back home from college. You turn on the lights. You take a cool drink from the fridge and you heat your dinner in the microwave. For people who lived 200 years ago, this would be sciencefiction! 200 years ago there was no electricity.1People heated houses with a real fire and2they lit rooms with candles.3Milkmen delivered milk every morning and 4people stored itin a cool place. 5They cooked food in the fireplace or on a big stove. 200 years ago there was no plumbing! 6People carried waterfrom the nearest well or the fountain and 7they washed clothes by hand.Then 8they ironed clothes with a heavy iron. 9Theyfilled irons with hot coal. 10People used horse carriages because there were no cars or buses. I think I prefer life in the 21st century, don’t you?
Additional texts
Supplement 1
UNIT 5.GREAT BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The Prime Minister lives at 10 Downing Street, near the Houses of Parliament. The Head of the State is the Queen. The Queen's head is on the banknotes, stamps and coins. In London she lives in Buckingham Palace, a very popular place for tourists.
Other famous cities and towns in Britain are Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, with its old castle; York with its beautiful Cathedral, called York Minster, and its narrow streets; Strafford- upon –Avon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare; Liverpool, a very important port and a home of the Beatles; Cambridge and Oxford, both famous for the Universities and famous for their bicycles. In both cities, a lot of people travel around by bike. Towns and cities are important but the countryside is important too.
Over 75% of the land in Britain is farmland. But not many people are farmers, in fact only 2% of the working population.
Britain also has ten national parks, they cover 9% of the land. All these park have wonderful countryside.The Lake Districtin the north west of England. It has beautiful hills and lakes. A lot of British people come here on holiday and foreign tourists. Over 24 million of foreign tourists come to Britain every year. They visit lots of places. For example the Giant'sCauseway in Northern Ireland.
Stonehenge… What is it? Nobody really knows. Perhaps it’s a temple, or a clock or is it a calendar? In Wales the Snowdonia National Park is very popular.
Welsh people don’t just speak English. About 20% of the population speak Welsh too. Britain is an island. It isn’t only one island. In fact there are over eight hundred.
Waterloo Station is in London. From here the trains go through the Channel tunnel to Paris in France and to Brussels in Belgium. Is Britain really an island?
Supplement 2
UNIT 6. LONDON
London is a capital of Great Britain. It’s a fascinating and exciting city with a very long history. London is on the river Thames. In about forty-three AD the Romans built the first bridge over the river and that was the beginning of the City of London. Until 1747 there was only one bridge over the Thames. Now there are twenty-nine; some for cars, some for trains and some for pedestrians. Some are very famous like this one – Tower Bridge.
London is a big city. Travelling around is easy. You can take a waterbus on the river. You can go in one of London’s famous red buses or black taxis. You can go on the Underground. Londoners call this “the Tube”. It started in 1863, and it was the world's first underground railway. Over twenty million tourists come here every year – eleven million from abroad and the rest are tourists from other parts of Britain.
There is so much for people to see in London: palaces, churches, cathedrals, the Tower, Trafalgar Square and lots of museums and art galleries and of course Madam Tussaud's. Madam Tussaud brought her exhibition of wax models to London in 1802 and now over two and a half million people visit it every year.
London is also a great place for shopping. Harrods, probably the most famous store in Britain. In 1834 Charles Henry Harrod started a small business as a grocer in the East End of London. Today the Harrods store has three hundred departments on seven floors and over three thousand staff. About thirty-five thousand shop here every day.
Another popular place for shopping is Covent Garden. It’s also a center of London street life. You can find street musicians, or buskers, here and street entertainers. You can also find some good street fashion. There are always interesting fashions in London. In the 1960s there was the mini skirt. Later there were punks and mohicans.
What can you do when the shops and museums are closed? There are restaurants, discos, pubs and clubs. London has over a hundred and thirty cinemas and more than sixty theatres. The first performance the play “The mousetrap” by Agatha Christie, was in 1952. At the London theatre they are still performing the same play. It’s a world record. But London isn’t all rush. There are some wonderful parks like Hyde Park, Regent's Parkand St. James's Park where you can walk, jog, have a picnic, or just relax or get away from the noise. There is lots to do in London. You can always have a good time. Dr. Johnson, a famous English writer once said “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life”. Well, I’m not tired of London!
Supplement 3
UNIT 9. AT THE AIRPORT
A: Good morning, sir. Can I see your ticket and passport?
B: Certainly. Here you are.
A: Thank you. Ok. How many suitcases will we be checking in?
B: Just one suitcase.
A: Did you pack your bag yourself?
B: Yes I did.
A: Do you have any electrical goods?
B: I have an electric shaver in my hand luggage. Is that Ok?
A: That’s fine. So, nothing in your suitcase?
B: No.
A: Ok. Do you like a window or an aisle seat?
B: A window seat, please.
A: Ok. Just one moment. This is your seat number and the departure gate. You should go
straightthrough to the departure lounge.Enjoy your flight.
B:What time will we be boarding?
A: You will be boarding at 7.
B: Thank you.
Supplement 4