The richest man in the world

His Majesty, Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah, the twenty-ninth Sultan of Brunei, is the richest man in the world. He is descended from one of the oldest ruling dynasties on earth - a royal line that goes directly back over 600 years to 1363.

Brunei is one of the smallest but richest countries in the world. Its wealth comes from oil and gas. Many people in the west think that Brunei is in the Middle East but it isn't. It's in East Asia, on the north coast of the island of Borneo. It sells the oil and gas to Japan, and earns $2 billion a year- that is $229,000 every hour - from it. And the beauty is that there are so few people to share all this money. The population of Brunei is only 230,000. The Sultan and his three brothers are part of the government.

His money.

When one of his daughters was eleven years old, he gave her a birthday party. It was in the ballroom of Claridges Hotel in Mayfair, London, and it cost £100,000, but for the Sultan this is not a great amount of money.

The Sultan's total wealth is more than $25 billion. He owns hotels all round the world: the Dorchester in London, the Beverley Hills Hotel in Los Angeles, and he Hyatt Hotel in Singapore. He has a fleet of private planes, including an airbus. One of his London houses has the biggest garden in the city, except for Buckingham Palace.

Some years ago, in Brunei, he built the biggest palace in the world. It has 1,788 rooms, 5 swimming pools, 257 toilets, 44 staircases, and 18 lifts. The dining-room can seat 4.000 people. There are 564 chandeliers with 51,490 light bulbs. A servant is employed full time to change bulbs - about 200 a day. The total cost of the palace was $400 million. In 1996, he had a special party there for his fiftieth birthday. It lasted three days and the guests included Michael Jackson, the American musician, the Infanta Elena from Spain, and Prince Charles from Britain.

His lifestyle.

Despite all his money and power, the Sultan is a very shy man. He often goes to international meetings but says very little. In 1965, when he was nineteen, he married his cousin. Princess Saleha, who was sweet, pretty, and only sixteen. Time passed and she became more and more reserved. In 1980, the Sultan met an air hostess called Mariam Bell. She is much more outgoing than many Bruneian girls and the Sultan fell in love with her. So, in 1981, he married her, too, and now the two wives and ten children-four princes and six princesses-all live happily together in the palace.

And the Sultan himself? With all his wealth, is he a happy man? Nobody asks him that.

What do the following numbers refer to? Make a sentence about each number?

1. 1,788

2. 257

3. 4,000

4. 200

5. 229,000

6. 230,000

7. 19

Are the following statements true or false?

1. Brunei is in West Africa.

2. The country is rich in oil and gas.

3. The population of Brunei is 230,000 people.

4. The Sultan and his brothers are part of the goverment.

5. The Sultan has ten wives and all live happily together in the palace.

Translate the text.

TEXT 9

Read the text and do the tasks that follow.

PROCTER & GAMBLE

Procter & Gamble has been in the soap business since William Procter and James Gamble formed their partnership in 1837. In order to raise capital for expansion, the partners set up a corporate structure in 1890, with an appointed president at the helm of the company. It underwent further restructuring in 1955, with the creation of individual operating divisions to better manage their growing lines of products. John E. Pepper has led the company since 1995, when he was elected Procter & Gamble’s ninth Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The same year, the company moved from managing the business under two geographic areas, US and International, to four regions - North America, Latin America, Asia, and Europe/Middle East/Africa.

Ivory soap, which has become a common household name, came onto the market in 1879. With the introduction and instant success of Tide laundry detergent in 1946, Procter & Gamble embarked on a strategy of rapid growth into new product lines as well as new markets around the world. The firm’s commitment to innovation in technology has helped Tide to remain their single largest brand over the years. Perhaps the product that has had the greatest impact, however, is Pampers, the disposable nappy which they launched in 1961.

As a result of their aggressive expansion policy, Procter & Gamble sales
reached $10 billion in 1980. Since then the company has quadruple the number of consumers it can serve with its brands - to about five billion people around the world. In 1998 sales rose to $37.2 billion.

Answer the questions.

1. Who set up the company?

2. When were different divisions created?

3. How many main divisions does the company operate?

4. When did Ivory soap come onto the market?

5. Why does Tide remain the company’s single largest brand?

6. What is the second most popular product of the company?