Compare the Passive and the Active Voice

ACTIVE VOICE	PASSIVE VOICE
SIMPLE
V / V + (e)s	be + V3
Present	He writes letters every day.	am/ are/ is +V3	Two letters are written by him every day.
Past	Hewrote this letter yesterday.	was/ were + V3	The letter was writtenyesterday.
Future	He will write letters tomorrow.	will be + V3	Two letters will be written by him tomorrow.
CONTINUOUS
be + Ving be + being + V3
Present	Theyare writingletters right now.	am/ are/ is + being+V3	The letters are being written by them right now.
Past	Theywere writingletters, when I came in.	was/ were + being +V3	The letters were being written, when I came in.
Future	Theywill be writing letters the whole evening tomorrow.	в страдательном залоге отсутствует
PERFECT
Have + V3	have + been + V3
Present	Hehasalreadywrittentwo letters.	have / has+been+V3	Two letters havejust been written
Past	Hehadalreadywrittentwo letters, when I came in.	had + been + V3	Two letters had been written, when I came in
Future	Iwill have writtenletters by 2 o’clock.	will + have been+V3	Two letters will have been writtenby 2 o’clock.
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Present	Hehas been writingletters for years.	в страдательном залоге отсутствует
Past	Hehad been writingletters for years, until she finished school.
Future	Hewill have been writingletters to her all his life.

MODAL VERBS

modals passive

modal verb+be+V3

The house must be cleaned.

You must clean the house.

IRREGULAR VERBS:

SIMPLE FORM	SIMPLE PAST	PAST PARTICIPLE	TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN
V	V2	V3
be become begin blow break bring build buy catch choose come do drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fit forget forgive get give go grow have hear keep know lead leave let lose make mean meet pay read ring rise run say see sell send sing sit sleep speak spend stand swim take teach tell think understand wake win write	was, were became began blew broke brought built bought caught chose came did drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fit forgot forgave got gave went grew had heard kept knew led left let lost made meant met paid read rang rose run said saw sold sent sang sat slept spoke spent stood swam took taught told thought understood woke won wrote	been become begun blown broken brought built bought caught chosen come done drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fit forgotten forgiven gotten (got) given gone grown had heard kept known led left let lost made meant met paid read rung risen run said seen sold sent sung sat slept spoken spent stood swum taken taught told thought understood waked (woken) won written	- быть, находиться, являться - становиться - начинать - дуть - разбить - принести - строить - покупать - поймать - выбрать - приехать - делать - пить - водить машину - кушать, есть - упасть - кормить - чувствовать - сражаться - найти - подходить - забывать - прощать - получить - давать - ехать, идти - расти - иметь - слышать - держать - знать - вести - покинуть - позволить - потерять - сделать - означать - встречать - платить - читать - позвонить - подниматься - бегать - сказать - видеть - продать - послать - петь - сесть - спать - говорить - провести - стоять - плавать - взять - обучать - сказать - думать - понимать - проснуться - победить - писать

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Collins Concise Dictionary and Thesaurus. / Harper Collins Publishers, 1991.

2. Oxford English-Russian Dictionary. Clarendon Press. – Oxford, 1990.

3. Marcelle Dray. Grammar in Focus.Printed by Ravgon Co. Ltd.1993. – 392c.

4. Ronald Green. High School Grammar. A Pedagogical Grammar of English. University

Publishing Projects LTD. 1995. – 474c.

5. Improve Your Inglish: учебно-метод. Пособие в 2ч. Ч. I Н.Г.Оловникова [и др.].

– Мн: БГПУ, 2007. -158с.

6. Конышева, А.В. Поговорим о Беларуси. / А.В. Конышева, О.П. Казакова. – Минск, 2003. – 256с.

CONTENTS (Содержание)

PREFACE (Предисловие) ……………………………………………………………...…....3

PART I.

UNIT 1. ACQUAINTANCE……………………………………………………...……..…..4

Text 1. Norms of Communication…………………………………………...............8

Text 2. Visiting Card..…………………………………………………………..…..12

Text 3. British Surnames……………………………………………………………14

UNIT 2. FAMILY AND LAW…………………………………………………….………..15

Text 1. Family Relations……………………………………………………………20

Text 2. Modern Families……………………………………………………………24

Text 3. Family Legislation Principles……………………………………………....25

UNIT 3. LEGAL CAREER PROSPECTS………………….………………………….…27

Text 1. Choosing a Legal Career……………………………………………….…..30

Text 2.The Belarusian Institute ofLaw…………………………………………....34

Text 3. Legal Professions in Belarus...……………………………………………..37

UNIT 4. LIFE STYLE OF STUDENTS………………………………………………….39

Text 1. Students and Healthy Way of Life ……………………………………..….42

Text 2. The Working Day of a Student…………………………………….............45

Text 3. A Typical Daily Routine of a Lawyer……………………………………...48

Text 4. To Live Without Filthy Habits…………………………………………..…50

PART II: BELARUS

UNIT 1. GEOPOLITICAL OUTLINE OF BELARUS………………………...………..55

Text 1. Geography of Belarus……………………………………………………….55

Text 2. National Economy of Belarus…………………………………………….....61

UNIT 2. THE STATE SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS…………………65

Text 1. Legislative Power of Belarus……………………………………………......65

Text 2. Presidency of the Republic of Belarus……………………………...............70

Text 3. The Executive Power of Belarus…………………………………………....73

UNIT 3. THE JUDICIAL POWER OF BELARUS……………………………………...77

Text 1. The System of Courts in Belarus…………………………………………....77

Text 2. History of Law in Belarus…………………………………………….……81

GRAMMAR REFERENCE(Приложение) ……………………………………...............83

BIBLIOGRAPHY(Литература)…………………………………………………………..100

Учебное издание

ПодстреловаАлевтина Лазаревна

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Учебно-методические рекомендации

В авторской редакции

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Издатель и полиграфическое исполнение:

Частное учреждение образования «БИП-Институт правоведения»

Свидетельство о государственной регистрации издателя, изготовления,

распространения печатных изданий № 02330/0003918 от 08.04.2011 г.

ул. Короля, 3, 220004, г. Минск

Частное учреждение образования

«БИП-Институт правоведения»

А. Л. ПОДСТРЕЛОВА

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Минск

2016