Some, any, no, every и их производные

I. Артикль (The Article).

НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ АРТИКЛЬ - a/an

an – если слово начинается с гласного звука: a book, an apple

Но: an hour [au∂]

a university [,ju:ni’v∂:siti]

a European country [,ju∂r∂’pi∂n]

ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ АРТИКЛЬ - the

Упражнение 2. Употребите ‘a’ или ‘an’:

a) a	b) an
1) … flat 2) … apartment 3) … window 4) … bath 5) … ceiling 6) … shelf 7) … engineer 8) … university 9) … umbrella 10) … union	11) … open door 12) … hour ago 13) … business game 14) … excellent student 15) … yellow bird 16) … new house 17) … economic problem 18) … old book 19) … interesting film 20) … good example

Упражнение 3. Составьте предложения, подобрав началу предложения из столбика А окончание из столбика B. Употребите ‘a’ или ‘an’ перед существительным из столбика В:

Пример: I want to ask you a question.

А	B
I want to ask you	a) old house
1) Tom has got	b) party
2) I often ride	c) shop
3) My cousin is	d) younger brother
4) her mother works in	e) artist
5) Tim doesn’t want to learn	~~question~~
6) Ann lives in	f) foreign language
7) once a week I go to	g) bicycle
8) My windows face	h) apartment on the sixth floor
9) Jack rents	i) apple every day
10) Helen’s son eats	j) beautiful garden

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ АРТИКЛЯ 1.

АРТИКЛЬ
НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ	ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ	“-“
1)При первом упоминании исчисляемого предмета или лица (в ед. ч.) This is a pencil. 2)Перед названием профессии, рода занятий (в ед.ч.) He is a doctor. Ann is anengineer. 3) Если подразумевается любой из предметов Give me a pen. (любую ручку)	1)При упоминании того же предмета вторично The pencil is red. 2) Если подразумевается определенный предмет Give me the pen.(эту ручку) 3)Если речь идет об известном или единственном в мире предмете: The pen is on the table. The sun is shining.	1)При первом упоминании исчисляемого предмета или лица (во мн. ч.) These are _ pencils. 2) Перед названием профессии, рода занятий (во мн.ч.) We are _students. 3)My/his/her/its/our/your/their + N His_ pencil is red. 4)This/these, that/those + N This_ pencil is red. 5)N’s, Ns’ + N Ann’s_ pencil is red. These students’ _ tests 5)3,4,7,125,…+ N One _ pencil is red. 6) no (~~not~~!) + N I have no_ pencil. Сравните: It is not a pencil.

Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) '-'

1. This is ... (1) flat. It is my ...(2) flat.

2. Is this your ...(3) book? No, it is my sister's ... (4) book.

3. I have got ...(5) sister. My ...(6) sister is ...(7) engineer. My sister's ...(8) husband is ...(9) doctor.

4. I have no ...(10) money.

5. This ...(11) news is good.

6. ... (12) sky is blue.

7. I see ...(13) pen on ...(14) table, but I see no ...(15) paper.

8. We see three ...(16) boys. ...(17) boys are playing.

9. Give me ...(18) chair, please.

10. They have two ... (19) cats, … (20) cats are white.

II. Оборот There be

Оборот используется для указание на наличие или отсутствие одного или нескольких предметов в каком-либо месте. При переводе такого предложения на русский язык следует начинать с обстоятельства места, которое обычно находится в конце или, реже, в начале предложения:

There is a square in the centre of the town.

In the centre of the town there is a square. – В центре города есть площадь.

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
There is (There’s) a book on the table. There are (some) books on the table.	There is not (isn’t) a book on the table. There is nobook on the table. There are not (aren’t) anybooks on the table. There are nobooks on the table.	Is there a book on the table? – Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there any books on the table?–Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t.

Если в предложении несколько подлежащих, то глагол-сказуемое согласуется с тем из них, которое стоит непосредственно за глаголом:

There is a table and four chairs in the room.

There are four chairs and a table in the room.

Упражнение 5. Выберите нужную форму глагола:

1. There is/are central heating in my flat.

2. There is/are an air conditioner in the office.

3. There is/are a writing-table, two bookcases and a couch in the study.

4. There is/are a cupboard in the dining room.

5. There is/are some chairs around the table.

6. There is/are a chest of drawers in the bedroom.

7. There is/are a TV set, a stereo, a video recorder in the living room.

8. There is/are a rug in the hall.

9. There is/are one hundred flats in this multistorey building.

10. There is/are a beautiful large mirror on the wall of the living room.

Упражнение 6. Поставьте данные предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:

Пример: There is a book on the desk.

Is there a book on the desk?

There is no book on the desk. There isn’t (any) book on the desk.

1. There is a picture on the wall.

2. There are two armchairs in the room.

3. There is a bookcase in the corner of my study.

4. There is a lamp on the desk.

5. There are four chairs at the table.

6. There is a wardrobe in the bedroom.

7. There are cold and hot water taps in the bathroom.

8. There is central heating in our flat.

9. There are some cushions on the sofa.

10. There is a fridge in the kitchen.

Упражнение 7. Составьте предложения, используя слова в рамках и оборот there is/are:

Где? a) in my cabinet b) around a large table c) on the wall of the room d) in the living room e) in the kitchen f) in my friend’s country house ~~on the floor~~ ~~of the living-room~~ g) in those shabby houses on the outskirts h) on the bedside table i) near the fireplace j) on the shelves of the bookcase

Что? ~~a thick~~ ~~carpet~~ 1. three windows 2. an alarm clock 3. a lot of classical books 4. two comfortable armchairs 5. all modern conveniences 6. not many shelves 7. no hot and cold running water 8. a beautiful picture 9. a dishwasher and a washing machine 10. six chairs

Приер: There is a thick carpet on the floor of the living room.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ АРТИКЛЯ 2.

АРТИКЛЬ
НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ	ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ	“-“
УСТОЙЧИВЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ
to go for a walk	in the centre of in the middle of in the corner of (the room) at the corner of (the street) in the country to thecountry to go to thecinema/theatre	infront of out ofdoors to be intown to go totown
there be
there be + a/an n (исч., ед.ч.) there is a pencil on the desk. There is an apple on the table.		there be + __ns there are _ pens there.*

*вместо “-“ может употребляться some в значении “несколько” с исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе.

There are some books there.

В вопросах употребляется any:

Are there any books there?

Употребление some и any с неисчисляемыми существительными обязательно.

There is some water in the glass.

Is there any water in the glass?

Упражнение 8. Вставьте артикль или “some”, где необходимо:

1. Is there ...(1) arm-chair in your ...(2) room? – Yes, there is ...(3) arm-chair there. – Where is ...(4) arm-chair? – It is in ...(5) corner of ...(6) my room. I like to sit in ...(7) arm-chair in ...(8) front of ... (9) TV-set.

2. are there ... (10) newspapers on ... (11) table?

3. There’s ...(12) milk in your ...(13) coffee.

4. There are ...(14) shops at ...(15) corner of ...(16) street.

5. What is there in …(17) corner of …(18) room? – There are …(19) chairs and …(20) table.