I. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на время сказуемого.

1. I am sitting at the table and reading an English text. I am looking into the book. 2. She teacher is listening to me. She is not sitting, she is standing. She is looking at us. 3. Yesterday when I came home my brother was reading a book. My parents were having supper, and at the same time they were watch­ing TV. My sister was doing her home-work. 4. What exam are you reading for now? - I'm reading for my exam in math. 5. We’ll be weighing the new substance at 9 o'clock in the morning. 6. The laboratory assistant was writing down all the data during our experiment.7. The water in the tube is boiling. 8. They were installing the equipment from 5 to 7 o'clock. 9. He will be maintaining constant temperature in the tube for two hours. 10. Why are you crying? 11. When we came home he was still watching TV.

2. Замените времена группы Simple временами группы Conti­nuous, дополнив предложения обстоятельствами времени now, at five o'clock, from... to, when you came, где необходимо.

1. The car went along the street at high speed. 2. We had dinner at home. 3. She prepares her lessons in the a library. 4. They will listen to the records tomorrow. 5. My father smokes pipe. 6. Tomorrow we shall have a practical hour on mathema­tics. 7. The student worked in the chemical laboratory the day before yesterday. 8. They will show a very interesting football match. 9. They read your book.

Напишите данные предложения в утвердительной форме.

1. Are you making an experiment? 2. Is the teacher standing at your table? 3. Are the students looking at your work? 4. Were you speaking with them when the teacher came up to you? 5. Will you be working here tomorrow at this time? 6. I am not reading now. 7. My friends were not working here at 9 o'clock. 8. It is not raining. 9. We won’t be reading the new text during the next lesson.

ТЕКСТ I

Прочитайте текст. Найдите подлежащее и сказуемое в каждом предложении. Определите время и залог глагола. Переведите текст.

Our planet Earth

How is our little planet living today? What problems is it facing and what problems are the Earthmen facing? As a result of the technological progress and great needs of the peoples in mi­nerals and water, the face of the Earth is changing day by day and not to the good.

The ecological problems we are facing are really great and difficult to solve. There is an English song which sounds like this:

"What are they doing to our land, my friend?

What are they doing to the deep seas and oceans?

What are they doing to the fresh, water lakes and rivers, my friend? ... etc."

The answer to these questions may really be very sad. Our generation must not be so egoistic. We must think of our children, grandchildren and grand grandchildren as well. We really haven't got much fresh water on the Earth, as well as minerals. We must protect nature from people's egoism.

What problems are the peoples of the five continents discuss­ing now? The principal problem is the classical one - War and Peace problem. The discussions on this problem are taking place on all levels here and everywhere on our planet. State political leaders and scientists as well as common people of the five con­tinents are thinking day and sight about one and the same -"peace or war?" They are thinking over this problem inside their states and out, north and south, east and west from very point of view. This problem is exactly what we think about it – next world war may well be the end of our planet.

ОБОРОТ "There + be"

Для того, чтобы выделить какое-либо слово в английском языке, употребляется оборот there+be (в личной форме), состоящий из формального подлежащего there, которое не переводится, и глагола to be в значении «быть», «находиться», «существовать». То слово, которое нужно выделить, стоит сразу же за оборотом, и с ним глагол to be согласуется в лице и числе. При переводе предложений с оборотом there+be нужно помнить, что смысловая нагрузка русского предложения возрастает к концу, и то новое, ради чего делается высказывание, нужно выделить, поставив в конец предложения.

Сравните два предложения: В комнату вошла девочка. Девочка вошла в комнату. Произнесите их и скажите, являются ли они ответом на один вопрос.

Значит, при переводе слово, стоящее сразу же за оборотом there+be, нужно поставить в конец русского предложения. Перевод такого предложения начинается со сказуемого, если есть обстоятельство, то с обстоятельства, затем – сказуемое, и в конце – слово, стоящее за оборотом.

There is a book on the table. – На столе лежит книга.

There are different sources of energy. – Существуют различные источники энергии.

There will be a lecture tomorrow. – Завтра будет лекция.

There must be a lecture today. – Сегодня должна быть лекция.

Иногда в этом обороте вместо глагола to be могут употребляться глаголы to exist - существовать, to live, to lie, to hang и т.п.

There exist many sources of energy. – Существует много источников энергии.

Exercises

I. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот "there + be"

1. There is a new faculty at our Institute. 2. There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. 3. There are new seas in our country. 4. There is no telephone in my room. 5. There аre no mistakes In your written paper. 6. There la a library in every a null town. 7. There are many paragraphs in every pro­gramme. 8. There were some masters of sports among the students of our Institute. 9. There was a test in our group yesterday. 10. There will be no meeting at our department tomorrow. 11. There must be a lecture on chemistry today. 12. There was no chance of getting tickets for this Concert. 13. There can be come cracks in the structure. 14. There will be a great number of goods. 15. There are very powerful cranes in this port. 16. There will be some factories in this region in two years.

2.Найдите подлежащее в каждом предложении и укажите, в чем разница в конструкции парных предложений:

1. Тhere was an examination on the 12th of June. The examination was very difficult. 2. Many flags will decorate the houses on the let of May. There will bе many flags decorating the houses. 3. There is a telegram for you. The telegram is on the table. 4. The snow was all around. There was snow all around.