Grammar: The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense.

It is formed from the Infinitive without the particle “to”.

AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
I work	I do not work	Do I work?
He works	He does not work	Does he work?
She works	She does not work	Does she work?
It works	It does not work	Does it work?
We work	We do not work	Do we work?
You work	You do not work	Do you work?
They work	They do not work	Do they work?

The Present Indefinite (Simple) may denote.

· a permanent action (a fact):

She speaks English. They live in France.

· the general truth:

The Earth rotates round its axes.

Vegetablesgrowwell in this climate.

· a repeated, customary action:

The Browns go to the seaside every summer.

We write two tests each term.

· a future action if planned beforehand:

The train leaves at 10 tomorrow.

Ex. 5. Answer the following questions according to the example:

Example: What does a driver do?- He drives.

What do drivers do?- They drive.

1.What does a singer do? 2. What does a runner do? 3.What do students do?

4. What does a dancer do? 5.What do cooks do? 6.What do dancers do?

7.What does a painter do? 8.What does a typist do? 9. What do writers do?

Ex. 6. Write the following sentences in the 3^rd person singular.

1. I think I am ill. 2.They often visit their granny. 3.We live in Leeds.

4. You usually speak too quickly.5. Do you like boiled potatoes?.

6. Good animals always obey their masters.7.His dogs always attack

the neighbors.

Ex. 7. Translate the sentences into English using the Present Indefinite Tense.

1.Я обычно делаю домашнее задание вечером.

2. Мой друг живет на Севере.

3.Моя сестра учится в медицинском колледже.

4.Он всегда навещает нас, когда бывает в Москве.

5.”Сколько времени вы тратите на дорогу домой?” - “Как правило, я трачу на дорогу домой около тридцати минут.”

6.Он теперь редко путешествует.

7..Я не учу французский язык, я учу немецкий.

Методические указания по изучению данного раздела:

1. Дать необходимую фоновую информацию предложенного текста.

2. Лексические задания направлены на актуализацию словарного запаса по теме, поэтому необходимо формировать умения определять смысловую релевантность английских слов.

3. Извлекать необходимую информацию и структурировать ответ и формулировать свою точку зрения;

уметь рассуждать логически, используя необходимые лексические выражения.

4. Формирование грамматических навыков пройденного материала

UNIT 8.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

Text: This Fragile Planet.

Grammar: The Present Continuous Tense.

Практические цели: Закрепление лексического материала по теме “Environmental Protection”, закрепление навыков устной речи и изложения текста, ознакомление с новым грамматическим материалом.

This Fragile Planet.

The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town

environment; for others, their environment is the countryside. But the air we breathe, the soil

on which we stand and walk, the water we drink are all parts of the environment.

Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve environmental problems that

endanger people's lives. The most serious environmental problems are;

-pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution);

-noise from cars, buses, planes;

-destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty;

-shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel);

-the growth of pollution.

Water pollution. How awful it is to live without water. There is no ocean or sea which is

not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution because some governments test nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can not live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water they can die.

Air pollution. When the Americans decided to clean up the Statue of Liberty in 1986, the first thing they had to do was to make a hole in her nose and take away the acid rain that had collected inside. The polluted air of New York had mixed with the rain and damaged the Statue badly. And you certainly know that most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses. More and more people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.

Both clean water and clean air are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. That's why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.

Topical vocabulary.

1. environment окружающая среда

2. to endanger подвергать опасности

3. shortage of smth. нехватка, дефицит

4. dump свалка

5. nuclear pollution ядерное загрязнение

6. weapon оружие

7. waste отходы

8. to be poisoned отравленный

9. oxygen кислород

10. acid rain кислотный дождь

11. ultraviolet radiation ультрорадиация