Упр. 1. Прочитайте предложения и переведите их. Определите видовременные формы сказуемых.
1. Recently there has been an increase in rail traffic due to the fact that many products are coming in from abroad.
2. The train left at exactly 3 o'clock. Just 5 minutes before I had been stuck in a traffic jam.
3. A new school for diesel train drivers has been recently opened in Derby, Britain. The trainees attending the course are railway workers who have already received some practical experience on different railways.
4. This railway line is being upgraded to carry heavier volumes of freight and passenger traffic.
5. China has the world’s sixth longest railroad system. By the mid-1970s, all of its major manufacturing centers and provincial capitals had been linked by railway network.
6. When we came to the station, the train had already arrived and the passengers werehurrying to occupy their seats in the carriages.
7. Double-deck buses were being operated in Moscow within several months but they wereconsidered inconvenient especially during rush hours.
8. The Czech Railways is investing heavily to upgrade the Prague-Breslau railway.
9. In Japan, there are many narrow gauge lines in mountainous regions and tilting trains have been designedto run on these railways.
10. How fast was the train going when the accident occurred?
11. Steam wasthe main source of power until the mid-20th century, though electric power had been used from the early 20th century, especially in Europe.
12. Investigators were photographing the wreckage from all angles, and searching for a data recorder that had been aboard the freight train.
Упр. 2. Прочитайте предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму, и переведите их.
1. The engineer (to said– Past Simple Active) that some changes (to make– Past Perfect Passive) in the original design of the carriage.
2. The problems of reconstructing the old marshalling yard (to discuss–Present ContinuousPassive) now.
3. At the start of the 1990s, carbodies were mostly of steel, but use of aluminum (toincrease – Past Continuous Active) not only for high-speed train cars.
4. The train (to approach – Present Continuous Active) Moscow; let's start packing.
5. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (to make – Present Perfect Active) a loan of $US120 million to the Russian Ministry of Railways for the railway rehabilitation project.
6. When the train (torun–Present Continuous Active), the train master (to communicate –Present Simple Active) with passengers over a public address system.
7. The overhead contact lines damaged in the yesterday’s storm (to repair/already –Present Perfect Passive).
8. Tomas Edison (to begin – Past Simple Passive)to work at the railway, when he (to sell – Past Continuous Active) newspapers and snack.
9. The primitive railways called wagonways(to use – Past Continuous Passive) in Germany as early as 1550.
10. The construction of the new underground line, which (to link – Future Simple Active) several districts, (to start– Present Perfect Active) recently.
Упр. 3. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов must, can, may, need, should.
1. On this section of the line, the trains' speed should be limited to 40 mph.
2. Could you show me the nearest way to the station?
3. Trains must run according to the timetable.
4. You may take any of these instruments; I do not need them now.
5. Several locomotives must be used to draw such a long and heavy container train.
6. The inside body of the passenger car should be finished with materials that are easily washed.
7. We needn’t be in a hurry – we have a lot of time.
8. Additional carriages can be coupled to the train as needed.
9. Baggage mustnot be left unattended in the terminal building.
10. The car, which you could see at the exhibition, will be used on international routes.
11. A common carrier may remove a passenger from its service for the refusal to pay a fare.
Упр. 4. (A) Прочитайте следующие словосочетания и переведите их, обращая внимание на разные формы и функции причастия I (Participle I).
a. Having repaired the engine, the mechanic …;
a mechanic repairing engines;
(While) repairing the engine, the mechanic …;
A mechanic is repairingthe engine now.
b. the workers constructing the railway;
Constructing the railway, the workers…;
Havingconstructed the railway, the workers …;
The workers will be constructing the high-speed railway.
c. (When) testing a new device, the engineers …;
Havingtested a new device, the engineers…;
theengineerstestinganewdevice;
The engineers are testinga new device now.
(B) Прочитайте предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I в разных функциях.
1. Waiting for the train arrival, I looked through the magazines lying on the table.
2. Havingreceived the telegram, she immediately left for Glasgow.
3. The Hikari is an electric multiple-unit train consisting of 16 cars designed to seat more than 1,000 passengers.
4. The leading role of the railway transport in Russia is explained by the specific territorial, climatic, and geographical conditions.
5. Havingtested the new locomotive, the engineers recommended it for series production.
6. The trains operating on the underground lines are supplied with low voltage direct current.
7. Bombardier is the largest manufacturer of passenger cars in the world. This company started in Canada and has become multi-national, making everything from passenger cars to commuter aircraft in factories around the world.
8. The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the longest single rail system in Russia stretching from Moscow 9,198 km east to Vladivostok.
9. The trip on the "Rossiya" passenger train from Moscow to Nakhodka, including a compulsory overnight stay in Khabarovsk, takes about eight days.
10. Havingleft our suitcases in the Left-Luggage Room, we went to have a snack.