If you drop it , it will break.

Or S shall/will VO, if+ S V Vs O.

The first conditional refers to the future. It is used when there is a possibility that the if event might happen.

If it rains, we will go to the cinema. ( It might rain/it might not rain)

The second conditional: If S+ VedV2O, S+ should/ would VO.

This type of sentence describes future events that are imaginary, unlikely or impossible.

If I lived by the sea ,I would do a lot of swimming.

Note: would is usually contracted in speech.

I’d become famous.

The past simple of the Be is I was, he/she/it was .We use these forms in second conditional or alternatively we can use if I were, she/he/it/were.

If I were here…

We use this structure when we can give advice.

If I were you’d spend more time on your written work.

Unless means if not .

We would go out if it did not rain.

We would go out unless it rained.

Conditional sentences 2

The third conditional: If S+ had Ved V3 , S +would have Ved V3.

This type of sentence describes past events that is different to what really happened.

If I had taken an umbrella , I wouldn’t have got wet.

We often use might and could in conditional when we want to say that we are not certain about the results.

If I had brought some money I could have taken a taxi.

It is also possible to put the If clause at the end.

Wishes

For wishes about the present we use I wish +past simple.

I wish I didn`t go to school.

Could

We use I wish I could to refer that is difficult or impossible. This can refer to the present or future.

I wish I could fly.

At the second conditional the past simple does not refer to past time.

For wishes about the past we use I wish + the past perfect.

I wish I had lived in the 18 century.

If the wish is good one we use I hope. This is not followed by conditional form it is simply followed by the present simple or will.

I hope you have a good time at the party.

Infinitive

The Infinitive is always used with the particleto and usually expresses an action denoted by the predicate verb.

To visit her is always a pleasure.

Sentences with the infinitive as subject have certain structures:

The infinitive may be used in declarative sentences.

The infinitive is placed at the head of the sentence.

It is expressed by a noun, adjective qualifying the action denoted by the infinitive.

The infinitive as predicative:

The infinitive in this action has appositive meaning i.e. it explains the meaning of the subject of the sentence.

All I want to do is to help you.

The Infinitive as Object:

The Infinitive may be used as an object to a verb.

We find it after the verbs: to agree, to ask, to care, to begin, to like, to hate, to swear, to offer, to expect and others.

Mark continued to visit Jack in hospital.

In addition to the verbs mentioned above the infinitive as object is used after the modal verbs can afford and can bear in the negative and interrogative forms.

Some say we cannot afford to do it.

The Infinitive may be used as an object to an adjective. It is used after various kinds of adjectives- able, afraid, certain, anxious ,lucky, eager and others.

He is still very anxious to see her.

Occasionally a for0phrase is used to show the subject of the infinitive.

He was eager for me to start on my new job.

The infinitive as object may be part of a phrase introduced by the conjunction

Whether, what, how, how long, where

I did not at all know what to say.

The infinitive may serve as object in a special sentence pattern with a formal it as subject. The most commonly occurring verbs after which the infinitive is used in this function:

To amaze, to worry, to trouble, to excite, to interest, to shock, to please and others.

It pleased her particularly to see how often the other children asked her son how they should play.

The infinitive as Subjective Predicative.

The infinitive as Subjective Predicative is always preceded by to. It is lexically dependent – it follows a number of transitive verbs used in Passive.

These verbs are: to advise, to believe, to report, to aloe, to leave, to find, to invite, to require and others. I have been advised to rest.

Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier

The infinitive may serve as adverbial modifier to a verb. In this function it is used to express purpose, comparison, condition.

Purpose-infinitive is used withto