Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Письменно переведите предложения на родной язык.

1. Theorizing should determine what kinds of tests will be needed.

2. If we are to demonstrate this operation, it will have to be done in some other way.

3. A few comments may help to make these postulates more meaningful.

4. We can consider what statistical operations may be applied to these measurements.

5. We first need to understand the theory.

5. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

DRUGS

Every human society knows some drugs that change people’s state of consciousness. Drugs can be everything from cigarettes and alcohol to heroin, opium, LSD and amphetamines. Drugs which can influence our state of consciousness are psychoactive drugs. All those drugs influence the nervous system and modify perception. Users of drugs may develop tolerance, psychological dependence, addiction.

We say that a user developed tolerance when he needs more and more drug to produce effect.

When users stop using a drug they feel great pain. When the body becomes physically dependent on a drug, this condition is called addiction. The psychological need to take a drug is called psychological dependence.

Some signs show that a person is taking drugs, for example, sudden changes of mood, aggression, loss of interest in hobbies or friends, loss of appetite, insomnia.

The most widely used drug in our society is alcohol. Alcohol is the substance most abused by adolescents and college students. Both genetic (heredity) and environmental factors can influence alcoholism.

What pushes people to take drugs? There are many reasons. Some people hope that they help relax and cope with the stress and problems. Some people have pressures at school, work, they feel frightened or frustrated. Others take drugs out of curiosity but often become addicted. Many people think that drugs are the way-out. However they don’t realize how dangerous they are. They destroy personality, lead to serious diseases, psychological disorders and death. Many drug addicts become criminals.

Составьте 5 вопросов к тексту.

Письменно переведите 5,6 абзацы на родной язык.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯРАБОТА № 2

Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности

37.03.01 «Психология»,

37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»

ВАРИАНТ 3

1. Перепишите предложения, вставляя вместо пропусков слова, подходящие по смыслу, переведите предложения на родной язык:

offended, nervous, giddy, tired, environment

1. I felt very ... before the interview. But once I actually started talking I began to relax.

2. I always feel ... when I look down from the top of a high building.

3. After walking for 6 hours we were so … that we wouldn’t go on.

4. My cousin was deeply … when I didn’t invite him to my wedding.

5. Individuals try to adapt to the conditions of their social … .

2. Перепишите предложения, употребляя глагол в нужной форме пассивного залога. Переведите предложения на родной язык:

1. All knowledge must (to base) on observation, on the evidence of the senses.

2. There are circumstances which cannot (to avoid).

3. Nearly all people in the world (to involve) in the struggle between ideologies.

4. There are books which (to reprint), (to read) and (to enjoy), but many of them will not survive the century.

5. Specialized clinics for the children suffering from mental disorders (to found) in this country.

3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции причастий:

1. Every individual coming to a psychological clinic or being seen and “treated” by a psychologist should have a careful physical examination by a doctor.

2. Five and ten years later we may repeat our measurements using the same tests.

3. The discovery made and the data obtained were published in “SCIENCE NEWS”.

4. The new achievement made in this field of science is of certain value.

5. The statement made concerned a new way of investigating.

4. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Письменно переведите предложения на родной язык:

1. We first must understand the theory.

2. All the details of the argument should be discussed now.

3. Studies show that various changes may take place in the brains of old people.

4. Your son can do this work himself

5. You needn’t go to the library, we have a lot of books at home and you may take any.

5. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

SLEEP AND DREAMS

On the average sleep takes one-third of our lives. When you first fall asleep, you enter the phase of quiet sleep. The brain is inactive. This is the deepest sleep of the night. Then comes delta sleep, during which you switch from deep to light sleep. During this phase muscles get more blood and the body repairs any damage that is done during the day. The body fights infections, improves the immune system. REM (rapid eye-movement) is the period when you dream most vividly. The periods of REM last 30 minutes. REM is the brain sleep. At this stage your mind sorts what you learnt during the day and imprints it in your memory.

Two theories exist why we sleep. The first one is the repair theory: sleep repairs our brains and bodies. The second, ecological theory, says that sleep keeps us from wasting energy in the situation when we are not adapted.

Sleep is very important. “How you feel and behave tomorrow depends on how you sleep tonight”. But there are some sleep disorders: insomnia, sleepwalking, sleep talking, nightmares, narcolepsy.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder when a person can not sleep.

A sleep disorder when individuals walk in their sleep is called sleepwalking.

A nightmare is a frightening dream that wakes up a sleeper from REM sleep.

Narcolepsy is sudden and very strong desire to sleep.

When we sleep we have dreams. Dreaming is a mental experience that occurs during sleep and consists of vivid images.

Although some people say that they dream only in black and white, everyone’s dreams have colour.