III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. Lomonosov was able to complete the seven-grade curriculum of the Academy in

four years.

2. He read all the books he could obtain in his village.

3. "Only now can we grasp in full and appreciate all that was done by this giant of

science", wrote S. Vavilov.

4. The mass of a body remains unchanged by any physical or chemical change to

which it may be subjected.

5. You should remember that Lomonosov was not only a talented scientist, but an

outstanding poet as well.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1 по 6 абзац текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 3-й абзацы.

M. V. LOMONOSOV

1. The Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov was born in 1711, in the village of Denisovka near the town of Kholmogory, Archangelsk Gubernia, to the family of a fisherman. Taught to read and write by a literate fellow-villager, Lomonosov had soon read all the books he could obtain in his village. At the age of 17 he left his native village and made his way to Moscow. In Moscow he succeeded to enter the Slav-Greek-Latin Academy, the only higher educational institution in Moscow at that time.

2. His brilliant capabilities and hard work enabled him to complete the seven-grade curriculum of the Academy in four years. Lomonosov did not finish the last grade, as he was transferred together with eleven others of the best pupils to Petersburg to study at the University of the Academy of Sciences. Less than a year after he came to Petersburg Lomo­nosov was sent abroad to study metallurgy and mining.

3. After his return to Russia in 1741 Lomonosov soon became a professor in chemistry and a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Two centuries later S. Vavilov wrote about Lomonosov: "His achievements in the spheres of physics, chemistry, astronomy, instrument-making, geology, geography, linguistics and history would be worthy of the activities of a whole academy." A.S. Pushkin called Lomonosov "our first university."

4. Among the numerous discoveries of Lomonosov is the Law of Conservation of Mass. He also developed a corpuscular theory of the structure of substance in which he anticipated the present-day theory of atoms and molecules. Lomonosov considered chemistry his "main profession", but he was at the same time the first outstanding Russian physicist. He said that chemical phenomena could be treated correctly only on the basis of physical laws. Explaining chemical phenomena through the laws of physics, Lomonosov founded a new science, namely, physi­cal chemistry.

5. Lomonosov gave all his energy to the promotion of Russian science. In 1755 Moscow Uni­versity was founded thanks to the efforts and after the project of Lomonosov. This university became a major centre of Russian enlightenment and science.

6. Lomonosov died in 1765, at the age of 54.

V. Прочтите 4 абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа

Укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на

поставленный вопрос:

What did Lomonosov say about chemical phenomena

a) He said that chemical phenomena should be explained only through the laws of physics.

b) He said that chemical phenomena could not be treated correctly on the basis of physical laws.

c) He said that chemical phenomena had always been treated on the basis of physical laws.

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а)1. The Mendelyeev system has served for almost 100 years as a key to

discovering new elements.

2. Today scientists are still looking for the substance as a source of energy.

3. As soon as we had installed the new line, productivity went up.

б)1. In 1983 Mendelyeev was appointed Director of the Bureau of Weights and

Measures

2. The elements are arranged in order of their atomic weights.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Inorganic chemistry was for the first time explained from the Periodic Law.

2. He had discovered a generalization that not only unified an enormous amount of

existing information but pointed the way to further progress.

3. While absorbing the energy of cosmic rays the upper atmosphere becomes

radioactive.

4. The stream of electrons moving along the conductor is called an electric current.

5. When assembled the car undergoes various tests.

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