Пособие по английскому языку
ПОСОБИЕ по Английскому языку
для студентов-психологов
учебно-методическое пособие по выполнению контрольных работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для студентов-психологов очно-заочной, заочной формы обучения
учебно-методическое пособие
Севастополь
УДК 811.111:378
ББК 81.2 Англ+74.58
Б18
Рецензент: Н.Б. Самойленко, доктор педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры «Иностранные языки и методика обучения» Гуманитарно-педагогического института ФГАУ ВО «Севастопольский государственный университет».
Составители: В.А. Байко, ассистент кафедры «Иностранные языки и методика обучения» Гуманитарно-педагогического института ФГАОУ ВО «Севастопольский государственный университет»; М.Ю. Некрасова, старший преподаватель кафедры «Теория и практика перевода» Гуманитарно-педагогического института ФГАОУ ВО «Севастопольский государственный университет».
| Б18 | Байко В.А., Некрасова М.Ю. учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов-психологов: методические рекомендации по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для студентов-психологов очно-заочной, заочной формы обучения / сост. В. А. Байко, М. Ю. Некрасова. – Севастополь : РИЦ СГУ, 2015. – 60 с. |
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов-психологов очно-заочной и заочной формы обучения, обучающихся по программам бакалавриата и специалиста по направлению подготовки 37.03.01 «Психология» и 37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности». В пособии даются необходимые сведения по развитию навыков грамматики. Пособие так же содержит задания и рекомендации выполнения контрольных работ. Материал может служить методическим и практическим руководством для выполнения практических заданий и контрольных работ, а так же для подготовки к экзамену по дисциплине "Иностранный язык".
УДК 811.111:378
ББК 81.2 Англ+74.58
© Байко В. А., 2015
© Некрасова М. Ю., 2015
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
| Введение | ||
| 1. Рекомендации к выполнению контрольных работ | ||
| 1.1. Оформление контрольной работы | ||
| 1.1.1. Указания к выполнению контрольной работы №1 | ||
| 1.1.2. Образец выполнения контрольной работы №1 | ||
| Контрольная работа №1 | ||
| 1.2. Указания к выполнению контрольной работы №2 | ||
| 1.2.1. Образец выполнения контрольной работы №2 | ||
| Контрольная работа №2 | ||
| 2. Примеры тем для устных высказываний на экзамене | ||
| 3. Грамматический справочник | ||
| Библиографический список | ||
| Приложения |
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Программа курса «Иностранный язык» по направлению подготовки 37.03.01 «Психология» и 37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности» ставит целью обеспечение практического владения английским языком как средством общения, то есть формирование и дальнейшее развитие у студентов лингвистической, коммуникативной и социокультурной компетенции.
В результате изучения дисциплины студент должен:
Знать:
· базовые правила грамматики (на уровне морфологии и синтаксиса);
· базовые нормы употребления лексики и фонетики;
· требования к речевому и языковому оформлению устных и письменных высказываний с учетом специфики иноязычной культуры;
· основные способы работы над языковым и речевым материалом;
· основные ресурсы, с помощью которых можно эффективно восполнить имеющиеся пробелы в языковом образовании (типы словарей, справочников, компьютерных программ, информационных сайтов сети ИНТЕРНЕТ, текстовых редакторов и т.д.);
Уметь:
· читать и анализировать тексты в соответствии с учебной установкой в объеме, предусмотренном программой;
· выделять главную идею;
· обобщать и перефразировать идеи из разных типов текстов;
· сжато излагать содержание текста;
· письменно излагать мысли или представлять информацию в рамках изученных форм и разновидностей письменной речи с учетом грамматических, орфографических и стилистических норм;
· эффективно пользоваться учебными ресурсами;
· понимать требования, относящиеся к оцениванию;
Содержание дисциплины:
· Бытовая сфера общения
· Учебно-познавательная сфера общения
· Социально-культурная сфера общения
· Профессиональная сфера общения
Контроль за работой студента и усвоением необходимого объема учебного материала осуществляется посредством проверки контрольных заданий, определяемых учебным планом, зачетами и экзаменами.
К зачету допускаются студенты, выполнившие все письменные и устные работы, получившие зачет по контрольным работам и сдавшие нормы чтения, установленные для данного курса, а также проработавшие тексты контрольных работ.
К экзамену по английскому языку допускаются студенты, сдавшие зачеты за предшествующие экзамену курсы, получившие зачеты по контрольным работам и сдавшие нормы чтения иностранной литературы за данный учебный период.
Рекомендации к выполнению контрольных работ
Оформление контрольной работы
1. Студент должен выполнить один из четырех представленных вариантов, для получения варианта необходимо обратиться к преподавателю.
2. Контрольная работы выполняется в отдельной тетради и должна быть оформлена рукописным текстом. Контрольные работы выполняются аккуратно, разборчивым почерком. Для замечаний преподавателя следует оставлять поля.
3. Титульный лист должен содержать следующую информацию: № контрольной работы, фамилия, имя, отчество, вариант, группа. Фамилия, имя, отчество преподавателя.
4. При выполнении контрольной работы обязательно перепишите само задание и предложения а также текст на английском языке.
Материал контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради по следующему образцу:
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных:
| Английский текст | Русский текст |
Комментарии
5. Выполненная контрольная работа должна быть представлена на проверку в установленные сроки.
6. При наличии ошибок, работа с замечаниями преподавателя возвращается на доработку и исправление ошибок. Эта работа делается в той же тетради после выполненной работы.
7. Правильно выполненная работа рекомендуется преподавателем к защите.
Задание 1.
| 1. Maslow’s theory begins with physiological needs. | 1. Теория Маслова начинается с психологических потребностей. |
Maslow’s – притяжательный падеж имени собственного Maslow.
Needs – множественное число существительного need
Задание 4.
| 1. By the end of the next year the scientist will have finished his research. | 1. К концу следующего года ученый закончит это исследование. |
will have finished – Future Perfect Active от глагола to finish .
Задание 7. Обратите внимание на то, что письменно нужно переводить только указанные абзацы. Перевод должен быть оформлен, как указано выше.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 1
1. Перепишите предложения, определите функцию окончания –s, переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. Alzheimer’s disease is a disorder that attacks your brain and changes your life.
2. Literally, the word “psychology” means the study of the mind.
3. Learning disabilities are problems that affect the ability to receive process, analyze, or store information.
4. People with schizophrenia may hear voices which other people don’t hear or believe that others are reading their minds or controlling their thoughts.
5. The child’s knowledge influences the structure of his intellectual processes.
2. Перепишите предложения, употребляя местоимение в нужной форме. Переведите предложения на родной язык:
2. What colour is the shirt? I do not see _____ (it) colour.
3. He is a friend of ________ (we).
4. Give _______ (they) to ________ (she).
5. The newcomers built the houses ________ (they).
6. Why are ________ (you) sitting here?
3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных:
1. Research in parapsychology is less clear.
2. There are fewer specialists in the sphere of parapsychology.
3. A healthy dose of optimism can help you make the best of stressful circumstances.
4. The sooner he takes the medicine the better he will feel.
5. I like psychology as much as you do.
Sir Francis Galton
Francis Galton was born February 16, 1822 near Birmingham, England. He was the youngest of 7 children, and first cousin of Charles Darwin. His father, a wealthy banker, insisted on educating Francis at home, especially considering that Francis could read at 2 and a half years old.
Later in childhood, he was sent off to boarding school, which he despised and criticized even in adulthood. At 16, he went to medical school at King's College at Oxford. He got his degree at Cambridge in 1843, at 21.
His father died, leaving Galton a wealthy young aristocrat. He traveled extensively and became a member of the Royal Geographical Society, for which he developed maps of new territories and accounts of his adventures. He became president of that organization in 1856.
Galton had a penchant for measuring everything – extending even to the behinds of women he encountered in his travels (something he had to do from a distance, of course, by means of triangulation). This interest in measurement led to his invention of the weathermap (including highs, lows, and front – terms he introduced), and to suggesting the use of fingerprints to Scotland Yard.
His obsession eventually led to his efforts at measuring intelligence. In 1869, he published Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences, in which he demonstrates that the children of geniuses tend to be geniuses themselves.
In 1874, he produced English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture. In this volume, he noted that, although the potential for high intelligence is still clearly inherited, that it also needed to be nurtured to come to full fruition. In particular, the broad, liberal education provided by the Scottish school system proved far superior to the English school system he hated so much.
In 1888, he published Co-Relations and Their Measurement, Chiefly from Anthropometric Data. As the title suggests, it was Galton who invented correlation, as well as scatter plots and regression toward the mean. Later, Karl Pearson (1857-1936) would discover the mathematical formulation of correlation.
Sir Francis died in 1911, after an incredibly productive life.
6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. Where and when was Francis Galton born?
2. What society did he become a member of?
3. Was Galton fond of measuring everything?
4. What did he publish in 1874?
5. Do you think his work was important? Why?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 2
1. Перепишите предложения, определите функцию окончания –s, переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. Follow your doctor’s recommendations for treatment.
2. A hallucination is something a person sees, hears, smells, or feels that no one else can see, hear, smell, or feel.
3. Many psychologists believe that there are many kinds of memory.
4. When someone close to you dies, you may feel many different emotions.
5. An adult’s fear of public speaking may be the result of embarrassment in front of peers many years before.
2. Перепишите предложения, употребляя местоимение в нужной форме. Переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. They seldom drive to _________ (they) office.
2. Give the books to ________ (she).
3. (They) work is more difficult than ___________ (we).
4. Hehasinjured ___________ (he).
5. The clock has stopped. Something is wrong with _______ (it).
3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных:
1. Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles.
2. One of the most important things Freud discovered was “Oedipus complex”.
3. I spent as much money as he did.
4. The later you come, the less you will sleep.
5. The boss likes my plan the best.
4. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму сказуемого. Письменно переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. He gradually achieved good progress in his studies.
2. The students are reading the data of the device now.
3. They have already made the experiment.
4. What will she do next year?
5. They had discussed the report by the time I came.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in a small town – Freiberg – in Moravia. His father was a wool merchant with a keen mind and a good sense of humor. His mother was a lively woman, her husband's second wife and 20 years younger. She was 21 years old when she gave birth to her first son, her darling, Sigmund. Sigmund had two older half-brothers and six younger siblings. When he was four or five – he wasn't sure – the family moved to Vienna, where he lived most of his life.
A brilliant child, always at the head of his class, he went to medical school, one of the few options for a bright Jewish boy in Vienna those days. There, he became involved in research under the direction of a physiology professor.
Freud was very good at his research, concentrating on neurophysiology, even inventing a special cell-staining technique. He got a grant to study, first with the great psychiatrist Charcot in Paris, then with his rival Bernheim in Nancy. Both these gentlemen were investigating the use of hypnosis with hysterics.
After spending a short time as a resident in neurology and director of a children's ward in Berlin, he came back to Vienna, married his patient Martha Bernays, and fit up a practice in neuropsychiatry, with the help of Joseph Breuer.
Freud's books and lectures brought him both fame and criticism from the mainstream of the medical community. He collected around him a number of very bright students who became the core of the psychoanalytic movement.
Freud didn't exactly invent the idea of the conscious versus unconscious mind, but he certainly was responsible for making it popular. Freud's therapy has been more influential than any other. He used relaxed atmosphere. The client must feel free to express anything, without being afraid of social judgment. In fact, in Freudian therapy, the therapist practically disappears. Add to that the physically relaxing couch, dim lights, sound-proof walls, and the stage is set.
Freud immigrated to England just before World War II when Vienna became an increasing dangerous place for Jews, especially ones as famous as Freud. Not long afterward, he died of the cancer of the mouth and jaw that he had suffered from for the last 20 years of his life.
6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. Where and when was Sigmund Freud born?
2. What did his books bring him?
3. Was Freud good at his research on neurophysiology?
4. When did he immigrate to England? Why?
5. Do you think his work was important? Why?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯРАБОТА № 1
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 3
1. Перепишите предложения, определите функцию окончания –s, переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. Luria’s psychology concentrates on the development of mental capacities through learning.
2. Chronic pain usually leads to depression, sleep problems and other disorders.
3. Developmental psychologist studies changes in behaviour with age.
4. When one part of a young child’s brain is injured, another part can often learn to take over some of the lost function.
5. Some people have good memories, and can learn easily long poem by heart.
Carl Jung
Carl Gustav Jung was born July 26, 1875, in the small Swiss village of Kessewil. His father, Paul Jung, was a Protestant clergyman.
The elder Jung started Carl on Latin when he was six years old, beginning a long interest in language and literature –especially ancient literature. Besides most modern western European languages, Jung could read several ancient ones, including Sanskrit, the language of the original Hindu holy books.
After graduating in medicine in 1902 from the universities of Basel and Zurich, with a wide background in biology, zoology, paleontology, and archaeology, he began his work on word association, where a patient’s responses to stimulus words revealed what Jung called “complexes” – a term that has since become universal. These studies brought him international fame and led him to a close collaboration with Freud.
But Jung had never been entirely sold on Freud's theory and founded a movement called analytical psychology. He developed his theories, drawing on a wide knowledge of mythology and history; on his travels to diverse cultures in New Mexico, India, and Kenya; and especially, on the dreams and fantasies of his childhood. In 1921 he published a major work, Psychological Types, in which he dealt with the relationship between the conscious and unconscious and proposed the mow well-known personality types – extrovert and introvert.
Jung distinguished the personal unconscious, or the repressed feelings and thoughts developed during an individual’s life, and the collective unconscious, or inherited feelings and thoughts shared by humanity. The last ones he called “archetypes” (also dominants, imagos, mythological or primordial images). An archetype is an unlearned tendency to experience things in a certain way like peoples, manifesting themselves symbolically in religions, myths, fairy-tales and fantasies. The archetype has no form of its own, but it acts as an “organizing principle” on the things we see or do. It works the way that instincts work in Freud's theory.
Jung wrote many works on analytical methods and the relationships between psychotherapy and religious belief. He died on June 6, 1961.
6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. Where and when was Carl Jung born?
2. What background did he have after graduating university?
3. Did he work with associations?
4. What is archetype?
5. Do you think his work was important? Why?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 4
1. Перепишите предложения, определите функцию окончания –s, переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. The correct organization of a child’s learning leads to mental development.
2. Rehabilitation helps regain functions lost from damage due to stroke.
3. Psychologists study basic functions such as learning, memory, language, thinking, emotions, and motives.
4. Most parents have the skills necessary to deal with their child’s stress.
5. It is important to see a doctor when you suspect Alzheimer’s disease symptoms.
Alfred Adler
Alfred Adler was born in the suburbs of Vienna on February 7, 1870, the third child, second son, of a Jewish grain merchant and his wife. As a child, Alfred developed rickets, which kept him from walking until he was four years old. At five, he nearly died of pneumonia. It was at this age that he decided to be a physician.
Alfred was an average student and preferred playing outdoors to being cooped up in school. He was quite outgoing, popular, and active, and was known for his efforts at outdoing his older brother, Sigmund.
He received a medical degree from the University of Vienna in 1895. During his college years, he became attached to a group of socialist students, among which he found his wife-to-be, Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein. She was an intellectual and social activist who had come from Russia to study in Vienna. They married in 1897 and eventually had four children, two of whom became psychiatrists.
He began his medical career as an ophthalmologist, but he soon switched to general practice, and established his office in a lower-class part of Vienna. He then turned to psychiatry, and in 1907 was invited to join Freud's discussion group. After writing papers on organic inferiority, which were quite compatible with Freud's views, he wrote, first, a paper concerning an aggression instinct, which Freud did not approve of, and then a paper on children's feelings of inferiority, which suggested that Freud's sexual notions be taken more metaphorically than literally.
During World War I, Adler served as a physician in the Austrian Army, first on the Russian front, and later in a children's hospital. He saw first hand the damage that war does, and his thought turned increasingly to the concept of social interest. He felt that if humanity was to survive, it had to change its ways.
After the war, he was involved in various projects, including clinics attached to state schools and the training of teachers. In 1926, he went to the United States to lecture, and he eventually accepted a visiting position at the Long Island College of Medicine. In 1934, he and his family left Vienna forever. On May 28, 1937, during a series of lectures at Aberdeen University, he died of a heart attack.
6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. Where and when was Alfred Adler born?
2. Where did he receive a medical degree?
3. Was Adler invited to join Freud's discussion group?
4. What did he do during World War I?
5. Do you think his work was important? Why?
Задание 2.
The statistical theory (to develop) quite recently.
| 1. The statistical theory has been developed quite recently. | 1. Теория статистики была разработана сравнительно недавно. |
has been developed– Present Perfect Passive.
Задание 3.
| 1. The theory suggested by Dr. McCarty is proved by the experiment. | 1. Теория, предложенная доктором Маккарти, подтверждается опытным путем. |
suggested– Participle II– правое определение
Задание 4.
| 1. I can accept the fact that I'm not always right. | 1. Я могу принять тот факт, что я не всегда прав. |
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 1
1. Перепишите предложения, вставляя вместо пропусков слова, подходящие по смыслу, переведите предложения на родной язык:
moody, rude, obstinate, thrilled, sympathetic
1. The trouble with Jane is that she is so... . One minute she is laughing, the next she is sulking. You just don't know where you are with her.
2. One of the things I like about Pamela is that she is so .... . If you have a problem you know you can go to her and that she'll listen to you and try to help all she can.
3. Mrs. Green's children are so ... . They never say “please” or “thank you” and only last week I heard them swearing at the postman.
4. My husband never sees my point of view. He has opinions and nothing I say will ever change them. He is so ... .
5. My sister was ... when her friend's dog started barking at her.
2. Перепишите предложения, употребляя глагол в нужной форме пассивного залога. Переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. In ancient times science (to treat) simply as a system of statements.
2. This simple rule (to follow) by the majority of authors.
3. Men (to distinguish) from other forms of life on earth by their social production of the material means of life.
4. Two answers (to give) to this question, neither of them satisfactory.
5. The investigations of living organisms showed how all forms of life (to develop) from cells.
3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции причастий:
1.To watch the changing world is rather interesting.
2.When being studied from all the aspects, the event becomes understandable.
3.Conducting this research he came across some interesting phenomenon.
4.The recent poll held in the given region revealed a lot of problematic questions.
5.The sociologists dealing with the problem of migration made up a number of special questionnaires.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
It is possible that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-old children with a sweet. The researcher invites the children into a playing room. You can have this sweet right now, he says. But if you wait while I go out for a few minutes, you can have two sweets when I get back. And then he leaves.
Some children grab the sweet the moment he is out the door. Some wait a few minutes and then give in. But others are determined to wait. They cover their eyes, they put their heads down, they try to play games.
Then the researcher returns, he gives these children their sweets. And then, science waits for them to grow up.
By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey of the children’s parents and teachers showed that those who as four-year-olds were strong-minded enough to hold out for another sweet generally grew up better adjusted, more popular, confident and dependable teenagers. The children who couldn’t resist the temptation were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and stubborn.
Why does natural talent develop in some people and disappear in others? This is where we recall sweets. When a child could resist the temptation, it was a triumph of the reasoning brain over the impulsive one. It is a sign, in short, of emotional intelligence.
In his book “Emotional Intelligence” Daniel Goleman says that brain power as measured by IQ actually matters less than qualities of mind like understanding one’s feelings, empathy (being sensitive to other people’s feelings) and the ability to manage your own emotions. EQ is not the opposite of IQ, they compliment each other. Among the factors of success, researchers generally agree that IQ counts for 20%: the rest depends on anything from luck, to social class and emotional intelligence. In the business world, according to personnel executives, IQ gets you a job, but EQ gets you promotion.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 2
1. Перепишите предложения, вставляя вместо пропусков слова, подходящие по смыслу, переведите предложения на родной язык:
drowsy, pregnant, faint, desolate, sober
1. My husband was really thrilled when I told him that I was ... .
2. Lying in the sun made me feel very ... .
3. He told me that his wife left him he felt really ... . Life didn't seem worth living, and he even contemplated committing suicide.
4. The sight of blood always makes me feel ... .
5. Although he was perfectly ... when he arrived at the party, by 11.30 he was as drunk as everyone else.
2. Перепишите предложения, употребляя глагол в нужной форме пассивного залога. Переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. Most of the studies (to base) primarily on subjective opinion.
2. Special attention (to give) to this phenomenon
3. Careful consideration (to give) to this area of research communications.
4. The problem cannot finally (to solve).
5. Hypotheses have to (to test) by all means.
3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции причастий:
1. He spoke of the results obtained, conclusions made and future plans taken.
2. The realized plans were connected with the experiments carried out in the experimental laboratory.
3. His conclusion founded on the latest statistical data was quite right.
4. They couldn't agree with his point of view expressed so illogically.
5. The developing science raises more and more important questions for the further discussion.
DRUGS
Every human society knows some drugs that change people’s state of consciousness. Drugs can be everything from cigarettes and alcohol to heroin, opium, LSD and amphetamines. Drugs which can influence our state of consciousness are psychoactive drugs. All those drugs influence the nervous system and modify perception. Users of drugs may develop tolerance, psychological dependence, addiction.
We say that a user developed tolerance when he needs more and more drug to produce effect.
When users stop using a drug they feel great pain. When the body becomes physically dependent on a drug, this condition is called addiction. The psychological need to take a drug is called psychological dependence.
Some signs show that a person is taking drugs, for example, sudden changes of mood, aggression, loss of interest in hobbies or friends, loss of appetite, insomnia.
The most widely used drug in our society is alcohol. Alcohol is the substance most abused by adolescents and college students. Both genetic (heredity) and environmental factors can influence alcoholism.
What pushes people to take drugs? There are many reasons. Some people hope that they help relax and cope with the stress and problems. Some people have pressures at school, work, they feel frightened or frustrated. Others take drugs out of curiosity but often become addicted. Many people think that drugs are the way-out. However they don’t realize how dangerous they are. They destroy personality, lead to serious diseases, psychological disorders and death. Many drug addicts become criminals.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯРАБОТА № 2
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 3
1. Перепишите предложения, вставляя вместо пропусков слова, подходящие по смыслу, переведите предложения на родной язык:
offended, nervous, giddy, tired, environment
1. I felt very ... before the interview. But once I actually started talking I began to relax.
2. I always feel ... when I look down from the top of a high building.
3. After walking for 6 hours we were so … that we wouldn’t go on.
4. My cousin was deeply … when I didn’t invite him to my wedding.
5. Individuals try to adapt to the conditions of their social … .
2. Перепишите предложения, употребляя глагол в нужной форме пассивного залога. Переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. All knowledge must (to base) on observation, on the evidence of the senses.
2. There are circumstances which cannot (to avoid).
3. Nearly all people in the world (to involve) in the struggle between ideologies.
4. There are books which (to reprint), (to read) and (to enjoy), but many of them will not survive the century.
5. Specialized clinics for the children suffering from mental disorders (to found) in this country.
3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции причастий:
1. Every individual coming to a psychological clinic or being seen and “treated” by a psychologist should have a careful physical examination by a doctor.
2. Five and ten years later we may repeat our measurements using the same tests.
3. The discovery made and the data obtained were published in “SCIENCE NEWS”.
4. The new achievement made in this field of science is of certain value.
5. The statement made concerned a new way of investigating.
4. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Письменно переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. We first must understand the theory.
2. All the details of the argument should be discussed now.
3. Studies show that various changes may take place in the brains of old people.
4. Your son can do this work himself
5. You needn’t go to the library, we have a lot of books at home and you may take any.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
SLEEP AND DREAMS
On the average sleep takes one-third of our lives. When you first fall asleep, you enter the phase of quiet sleep. The brain is inactive. This is the deepest sleep of the night. Then comes delta sleep, during which you switch from deep to light sleep. During this phase muscles get more blood and the body repairs any damage that is done during the day. The body fights infections, improves the immune system. REM (rapid eye-movement) is the period when you dream most vividly. The periods of REM last 30 minutes. REM is the brain sleep. At this stage your mind sorts what you learnt during the day and imprints it in your memory.
Two theories exist why we sleep. The first one is the repair theory: sleep repairs our brains and bodies. The second, ecological theory, says that sleep keeps us from wasting energy in the situation when we are not adapted.
Sleep is very important. “How you feel and behave tomorrow depends on how you sleep tonight”. But there are some sleep disorders: insomnia, sleepwalking, sleep talking, nightmares, narcolepsy.
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder when a person can not sleep.
A sleep disorder when individuals walk in their sleep is called sleepwalking.
A nightmare is a frightening dream that wakes up a sleeper from REM sleep.
Narcolepsy is sudden and very strong desire to sleep.
When we sleep we have dreams. Dreaming is a mental experience that occurs during sleep and consists of vivid images.
Although some people say that they dream only in black and white, everyone’s dreams have colour.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
Для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по специальности
37.03.01 «Психология»,
37.05.02 «Психология служебной деятельности»
ВАРИАНТ 4
1. Перепишите предложения, вставляя вместо пропусков слова, подходящие по смыслу, переведите предложения на родной язык:
stress, learning, immature, boastful, strict
1. The rate of ... and the degree of motivation are seen to be closely related.
2. John is always telling people how well he plays the guitar. He is so ... .
3. When I was a teenager, my father was very ... . He would never allow me to wear make-up or have a boyfriend, and if I went out with friends I always had to be home by 10 o'clock.
4. Many girls of 16 and 17 are too ... to get married and have children.
5. New and more efficient techniques for investigating people’s… are being developed.
2. Перепишите предложения, употребляя глагол в нужной форме пассивного залога. Переведите предложения на родной язык:
1. Ideas from medical sciences continually (to use) by psychologists.
2. The subjects (to tell) to write as many answers as possible.
3. The investigations of living organisms showed how all forms of life (to develop) from cells.
4. Most of the studies (to base) primarily on subjective opinion regarding the relationship of attitudes to the job.
5. There are circumstances which cannot (to avoid).
3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции причастий:
1. The least developed area of human gerontology concerns motivation and personality.
2. The procedure recommended is to select the one best test to measure each factor.
3. The percentage of material retained varies according to the type of measurement.
4. This approach is concerned with the effect of continuous performance on the efficiency in the performance being studied.
5. Often the behaviour being observed in the experimental situation is isolated and out of context and may differ from similar behaviour in an actual life situation.
4. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Письменно переведите предложения на родной язык:
1.
2. Your son should do this work himself.
3. You needn’t go to the library, we have a lot of books at home and you may take any.
4. We can apply our findings in industry.
5. We may carry on our experiment both on animals and human beings.
6. Future psychologists must know anatomy.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
STRESS AND ANGER
Every day you read in newspapers, books and magazines that it is important to avoid stress. Stress can kill, they say. Stay calm. Be relaxed. Slow down. Don’t work so hard. Unfortunately, this is difficult. There are always money problems and family problems. Our cities are full of traffic and noise. Stressful situations seem to be everywhere.
When people are under stress they react in different ways. Some people find it difficult to stay calm and often become tense. Little things, like a baby crying, can make them irritated. They get very annoyed if they have to wait just a few minutes too long in a shop or a restaurant. These people are usually very moody. One minute they are fine and the next they can be really angry – absolutely furious.
Other people seem to stay calm almost all the time, and rarely get angry. For example, if they are caught in bad traffic, they don’t get frustrated. They sit calmly in their cars, telling themselves that there is nothing they can do about the situation. These people are not moody at all. They don’t change from the moment to moment, but always seem to be in control of their emotions.
Some doctors give names to these two personality types: Type A people and Type B people. Type As work very hard, worry a lot, and are often bad-tempered. Type Bs are the opposite. They don’t worry. Work is not so important to them and they don’t get angry easily. They like to relax a lot and have fun. These doctors say it is better for your health and your heart if you are a Type B person. So what are you? Type A or B?
The United Kingdom
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2. The west coast of the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea.
3. Its population is over 57 million people.
4. There are many rivers in Great Britain; the Thames is the most important one.
5. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy, but the power of the British Queen is limited by Parliament.
6. The British Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
7. Great Britain is mainly an industrial country
8. London is the capital of the UK, its population is over 8 million people.
9. Lots of things such as clothes, food, planes, and cars are made in London.
10. The largest cities of Great Britain besides London are: Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh.
11. Birmingham is the biggest town in the centre of England: machines, cars, TV sets are made here.
12. Manchester, in the North of England, is the centre of textile, computer, electronic and food industry.
13. It's the third largest port in Great Britain.
14. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.
15. Cardiff is the capital of Wales.
16. It Is a big port, and ships come here from all over the world.
17. Cambridge and Oxford are the oldest university towns in Great Britain.
THE USA
1. The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China).
2. It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean; it also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii.
3. The country has several different climatic regions: the coldest regions are in the North and North-East, the South has a subtropical climate.
4. America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande and the Columbia.
5. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.
6. The population of the USA is more than 236 million people.
7. The United States is a federal union of 50 states, each of which has its own government.
8. The head of the State is the President.
9. The capital of the USA is Washington in the district of Columbia (D.C.), it is an administrative city without much industry.
10. The White House, the residence of the President is the oldest public building in Washington and one of the most beautiful.
11. There are many big cities in the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Dallas, Boston, San Francisco, etc.
12. New York is the city of skyscrapers, great seaport, leading textile and the financial centre of the country.
13. Chicago is one of the biggest industrial cities in the USA and the second largest after New York.
14. Los Angeles, in California, is a centre of modem industries.
15. Not far from Los Angeles is Hollywood, the centre of the US film business.
16. The USA is a highly developed industrial country.
17. It is the world's leading producer of copper and oil, iron ore and coal, the most important industries are aircraft, cars, textiles etc.
SPORTS IN OUR LIFE
1. Sport is very popular in our country.
2. Thousands of people go in for sports, because sports help people to keep in good health.
3. The most popular sports in our country are football, volleyball, basketball, hockey, gymnastics.
4. There are lots of stadiums, sports clubs and sports grounds in our country.
5. Numerous national and international matches and competitions are regularly held in Russia.
6. In summer we like to swim most of all, because swimming makes a man healthy and strong.
7. As for me, I am a football-fan.
8. I try to watch every football match on TV.
9. So, I watched the last championship held in our country.
10. Our team played very well, but didn’t go to quarter-final.
11. I felt very much upset.
12. The most important sport events are Olympic Games, Summer and Winter Games are held separately.
13. Thousands of athletes, journalists and guests come to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything.
14. The latest Winter Olympic Games were held 2014 year in Sochi.
15. Russian sportsmen got a lot of medals for their records in many sports events.
TRAVELLING
1. Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling.
2. They travel to see other countries and continents, modem cities and the ruins of ancient towns.
3. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food.
4. Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants.
5. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.
6. Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them - the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants; animals and birds.
7. People travel by train, by plane, by boat and by car.
8. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane.
9. A lot of people prefer travelling by train, it’s slower but cheaper.
10. Through the train windows you can enjoy fields, rivers, lakes, nice views, sunrises and sunsets.
11. Cruising is the most expensive way of travelling, but you can have a luxurious cabin and watch the sea.
12. Of course, it is good if you don’t feel seasick.
13. There are other ways of travelling, if you are an adventurer you can travel by hitch-hiking, bicycles, on horseback.
14. Coach tours are not expensive and I like them very much.
15. They are planned as holidays and there is a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time.
16. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand the people is to meet them in their own homes.
HOBBY
1. Hobby is a favourite occupation of a person in his free time.
2. People are very different and they have different kinds of hobbies.
3. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.
4. Hobbles are divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things.
5. The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things.
6. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.
7. Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies.
8. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games and surfing the net, it becomes the most popular.
9. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts.
10. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill.
11. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments.
12. Some, for example, like to knit very much, in the evening they sits on the sofa and knit a beautiful pullover or a sweater.
13. One of my friends likes to make everything with his own hands, he can repair an iron, a radio-set or a computer.
14. A lot of people are very fond of collecting: some collect old coins, others collect postcards.
15. Sometimes such private collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might take pleasure in seeing them.
16. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning from it.
ABOUT MYSELF
1. Let me introduce myself, my full name is …
2. I was born on (month), (day), (year) in (place).
3. Now I am a ( …-year) student at the Faculty of Psychology of (…) University.
4. I am (tall/ not very tall) and (slim/not very slim) and have (fair/ brown/ dark) hair and (blue, green, brown) eyes.
5. Among my hobbies I can point out ( reading, theatre, swimming, dancing, etc.).
6. I prefer (classical, modern, rock music) and my favorite (compositor, singer, band) is …
7. I spend much if not all of my money on (books, entertaining, clothes, etc.).
8. My family is (big, small). There are (2,3,4,etc.) members.
9. My father's name is … and he works as…
10. My mother's name is… and she works in…
11. My (youngest/ elders sister/brother) is a (pupil, student, doctor, etc.)
12. (Her/his) name is and (he/she) is … years old.
13. I also have / I do not have pet. It’s a (dog/cat, etc.)
14. In May I have finished school №
15. My favourite subjects at school were…
16. I have chosen to study Psychology, because I want to help people.
SEASONS
1. There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
2. Every season is beautiful in its own way.
3. When spring comes nature awakens from its long winter sleep, the days become longer and the nights become shorter.
4. The ground is covered with emerald-green grass and the first flowers.
5. The air is fresh, the sky is blue and cloudless, and the sun shines brightly, The trees are in full blossom.
6. The days are warm and everything is full of life and joy.
7. Spring is followed by summer.
8. The weather is usually fine in summer, but it can be very hot, especially in July and August.
9. In summer people try to get away from the city noise and spend more time in the open air.
10. They go on holiday, sunbathe, swim in the sea and rivers, go fishing and boating.
11. Autumn begins in September, the days become shorter and the nights become longer.
12. The leaves turn yellow, red and brown and fall to the ground, most birds fly away to warm countries.
13. There is a short spell of dry sunny weather in September, which is called Indian Summer.
14. It is a beautiful time when the sky is cloudless, the trees around is golden, the air is transparent and it is still warm.
15. It often rains in October and November, which makes autumn an unpleasant season.
16. In winter the sun sets early and rises late, the rivers and lakes are frozen over, everything is covered with snow.
17. Sometimes it is very cold; people go in for skating, skiing and sledging.
18. As for me, I like all the seasons, but I think there is nothing like late spring.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
1. Nowadays people live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others.
2. They constantly suffer from stress, noise and dust in big cities, diseases and instability.
3. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties.
4. To achieve this aim people ought to take care of their physical and mental health.
5. The state of your body depends on how much time you spend doing sports.
6. The healthiest kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling.
7. Healthy food is also a very important factor, because overeating causes many dangerous diseases.
8. The daily menu should include meat, fruit and vegetables, milk product, which are rich in vitamins, fat, proteins and etc.
9. On the other hand modern diets are very popular especially among women; however diets may be harmful, if they are used in the wrong way.
10. To be healthy, people should get rid of their bad habits.
11. It's necessary to stop smoking and drinking much.
12. You cannot have a healthy lifestyle without balance.
13. Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain.
14. In addition it is recommended to watch TV less, avoid anxiety and observe daily routine.
15. Certainly it's hard to follow all these recommendations, but every person has to choose between healthy life style and numerous illnesses.
THE CRIMEA
1. We live in the Crimean Autonomous Republic which is the part of Ukraine.
2. It has its own territory, government, state flag, emblem and anthem.