Буква N: сочетания ng, nk, nc
Буквосочетание ng в конце слова читается как звук [ŋ],
thing [ðıŋ]
sing, ring, bring, string, king, bank, pang, gang, rang, sang, hang, clang, slang, banging, hanging, clanging, song, tong, strong, long, along, rung, hung, lung, dung, sung, stung, hang, hung, sting, sling, bang, longing
Буквосочетания nk/nc читаются как [ŋk],
ink [ıŋk]
Sing [sıŋ] song [sɒŋ] ring [rıŋ] wrong [rɒŋ] singer[sıŋə] longing ['lɔŋɪŋ] hanging[hæŋıŋ] think [θɪŋk] thank [θæŋk] uncle ['ʌŋkl] ankle ['æŋkl]
Ink, wink, clink, blink, pink, sink, stink, chink, fank, rank, bank, lank, tank, drank, prank, crank, Frank, sunk, chunk ,junk, runk, blank, rank, drinking, sinking
Буква P: сочетание ph дает звук [f],
Photo ['fəutəu], phone [fəun], elephant ['elɪfənt]
в окружении гласных может давать звук [v]
nephew ['nefju:], [-vju:]
phosphate, Ralph, phone, Philip, asphalt, nephew, elephant, emphatic, telephone, telegraph, phantom
Буква S, s
а) В начале слова и в конце слова после глухих согласных буква s передает звук [s]:
so, same, sun, side, stand, lamps, takes, Pete's
б) После гласных и звонких согласных букв s передает звук [z]:
his, has, gives, plans, globes, Tom's
Исключения:
us [ʌs] bus [bʌs]
в) Находясь между гласными, буква s обычно передает звук [z]:
rise, rose, nose, to use
Сочетание ss может звучать как [ ʃ]
admission expression confession permission
Буквосочетание sh дает звук [ʃ ]
shine, shade, ship, shop, rush, fish, wish
dash, cash, gash, lash, mash, rash, sash, dish, fish, wish, gush, mush, hush, rush, sheep, sheet, sheen, shod, shot, shop, ship, shin, shun, shut
буквосочетание sc дает звук [s] пред буквами e, i, y. В остальных случаях читается как [sk]
scissors ['sɪzəz] science ['saɪəns]
screen [skri:n] scratch [skræʧ] script [skrɪpt]
Буква T,t, сочетание th
th имеет два звуковых значения: глухое [θ] и звонкое [ð] :
В английском языке звонкий [ð] встречается в служебных словах (артикль, местоимение, предлог и т. д.) и в середине других слов в результате озвончения глухого [θ] окружающими его гласными.
that [ðæt] , then [ðen], the [ðe],there [ðeə] mother ['mʌðə] father ['fɑːðə]
than, then, them, this, thus, that, thou, thee
в остальных случаях th указывает на глухой звук [θ] .
thing [θıŋ], thrill [θrıl] think [θɪŋk]
bath, path, hath, Smith, cloth, tooth, thin, thing, think, thick, three, thank, throat, throne, filth, forth, north, south, mouth
Буква W,w, сочетания wr, wh
В буквосочетании wr читается только [r] в начале слова перед гласными
write [raıt], wrong [rɒŋ], wrap [ræp], wrist [rɪst], wreck [rek]
wrench, write, wrote, written, wrought, wren, wring, wriggle, wrinkle, wrung, wreck, wrangle
Буквосочетание wh
1) В начале слова, перед всеми гласными, кроме O это сочетание читается как [w],
When [wen], which [wıtʃ], why [waı], while [waıl]
When, white, which, whip, whale, wheat, wheel, whim, white,
2) Перед гласной O читается как [h]:
whose [hʋ:z] , whole [həʋl] , who [hʋ:], whom [hʋ:m]
Буква X,x
Перед согласными и в конце слова дает звук [ks]
excuse [`iks`kju:z], box [boks]
Между двумя гласными - [gz]
example [ig`za:mpl] exam [ig`zem]
В начале слов перед гласной [z]
xenon [`zenon], xylophone ['zaɪləfəun]
exist, expect, expel, explore, exclaim, excuse, expense, export, exert, exhale, extend, expert
Чтение согласных буквосочетаний
| ck | [ k ] | black, stick |
| ng | [ ŋ ] | sing, bring, ring, reading |
| sh | [ ∫ ] | she, shop, fish |
| ph | [ f ] | phone, photograph |
| [ v ] | nephew | |
| th | [ [ð ] | this, that, the |
| [ θ ] | thank, thick | |
| [ t ] | Thames | |
| wh | [ w ] | when, white, why |
| [ h ] | who, whole, whose | |
| kn | [ [n ] | know, knife |
| wr | [ r ] | write, wrong |
| gh | [ f ] | enough |
| [ - ] | high | |
| gn | [ [n ] | sign |
| ss | [ [s ] | possible |
| [ ∫ ] | pressure | |
| sc | [ sk ] | screen |
| [ s ] | scene | |
| nk | [ ŋk ] | think |
| ch | [ t∫ ] | chess |
| [ k ] | chemistry | |
| [ ∫ ] | machine | |
| tch | [ t∫ ] | match |
Буквосочетания mb, mn
В конце слова в буквосочетаниях [mb] и [mn] звуки [b] и [n] отпали, произносится только [m].
lamb [læm], bomb [bɒm], limb [lım], autumn [ɔ:tm], hymn[hım], comb [kəum]
climb [klaɪm], thumb [θʌm], dumb [dʌm]
Буквосочетание bt
на конце слова читается только [t]:
debt [det] doubt [daut]
| "Немая буква" | В каких буквосочетаниях | Примеры |
| b g n g k l w | bt gn whe, whi igh kn ould alk who wr | doubt design, sign when, while height, weight, fight knowledge, knife should, could, would walk whos, whole write, wrong |
http://envoc.ru/code/pravila/sogl.php - подробные правила чтения и озвученные буквосочетания
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=oQd4GH4tr5g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5YOC7fm_K0&feature=player_embedded
видео о чтении буквосочетаний с согласными.
ТЕМА 4
БУКВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ
Сочетания с гласной A
Ai/Ay
[ei] paint train gain grain stain rain play say day pay
bay may stay bray nay stray clay pay sway day play tray gray pray way
hay ray lay say
Ass/Ast/Ask
[a:]: pass, master, past, ask, task, mask, plaster, vast
Ath
[a:]: father, path, rather, bath
wa[ɔ:]: water ['wɔ:tə], ward [wɔ:d], warm [wɔ:m]
[ɔ] перед k, g и в словах want [wɒnt], wash [wɒʃ], what [wɒt], was [wɒz], watch [wɒtʃ].
A l + согласная
[ɔ:]: also, false, ball, halt, small, hall
Alk
[ɔ:k].
talk , walk , chalk stalk, balk
alm[ɑː]
balk calm palm alms balm
Au/aw
[ɔ:]: cause, pause, because, autumn, August, author, law, saw, raw, lawn
claw raw jigsaw draw saw outlaw flaw slaw seesaw gnaw straw withdraw
jaw thaw law paw
Исключение aunt [ɑ:nt]
Сочетания с гласной E
Ea
1. [i:] teapea eat speak please meal sealean read clean teacher
beat meat defeat bleat neat repeat cheat peat retreat cleat pleat eat seat
feat treat heat wheat
2. [e] treasure instead bread head breakfast sweat dead ready
3. [eı] steak great break
Ee
[i:] treefeed beefeel feepeel feet meet green see tree three street week
bleed need agreed breed reed exceed creed seed indeed deed speed proceed
feed steed succeed greed tweed heed weed
Ei/Ey (последнее обычно в конце слов)
1. [eı]. eight [eıt] , weight [weıt] , they [ðeı] , grey [greı].
2. [aı], например: eye [aı], height [haıt], either['aıðə], neither ['naıðə]
Исключение - key [kı:]
Eu/Ew(последнее обычно в конце слов)
1. [ju:] knew,dew, few,neutral ['njʋ:trəl] , Europe ['jʋ:rəp]
2. [u:] chewblewgrew
flew slew brew grew spew chew knew stew crew mew threw dew new
drew pew few screw
Сочетания с гласной I
ie, как правило, отражает долгий звук [ı:]
field [fı:ld] , chief [tʃı:f] , piece [pı:s] , niece [nı:s],yield [jı:ld]
исключение friend [frend]
Igh
[ai] highlight sighsight night fight might
Ild, ind
[ai] mild, child, wild, grind, mind, kind, bind, grind
Исключения: wind[wınd], window [wınd əu], children ['tʃıldrən], to hinder ['hındə]
Сочетания с гласной O
Oa
[əu] coat oak boat
Oo
1.[u:] soon moon
2. [u] book [buk] hook [huk] look [luk] good [gud] foot [fut] flood [fud]
book rook checkbook brook shook fishhook cook took handbook crook mistook
hook notebook look outlook nook overlook
Ou
1. [au] loud house mouse round blouse
2. [ʌ] touch
Ow
1. [au] (в середине слов) brown down town flower (исключения - now how )
2. [əu] (в конце слов) crowknow window yellow show slow follow pillow fellow shallow snow grow blow
Oi/Oy
[ɔi] coin point, oyster, boy,joy, join, foil
O перед согласными m, n, th, v
[ʌ] front, some, dove, brother, glove, won, mother, come.
O перед st
[əu] host, most, post
ol+ согласная
[əu] old [əu ld] , told [t əu ld] , sold [s əu ld] , bolt [b əu lt]
bold scold marigold cold sold retold fold told scaffold gold behold hold
mold old
Сочетания с гласной U
Ull
[ʋ]
Например: bull [bʋl] , full [fʋl] , pull [pʋl]
Исключение- dull [dʌl]
Qu
[kw] square [skweə], question ['kwesʧən], queen [kwi:n], aquarium [ə'kweərɪəm], quarter ['kwɔ:tə]
Сочетания -tion/sion звучат как [ʃn]
Action, protection, tradition, intention, fiction, station, plantation, information, starvation,