III. The Future Perfect Tense
Exercise 1
Translate into Russian and comment on the use of the Future Perfect Tense.
1. By ten they will have gone; come earlier, if you can.
2. The plane will have taken off when we get to the airport.
3. If you come at five I’ll have translated the article.
4. Will you have finished the washing-up by the time the film begins?
5. By that time he will have got your letter, don't phone him.
6. She's leaving on Saturday, but I think she will have made all her purchases by then.
7. He must give the book back next Tuesday, but he will have read it long before that day.
8. We won't have written the test by the time the teacher comes.
Exercise 2
Make the following sentences: — negative;
— interrogative.
> Pattern: He will have forgotten about it by the end of the day.
a)He won't have forgotten about it by the end of the day.
b)Will he have forgotten about it by the end of the day?
1. By the time he comes we'll have completed the task ourselves.
2. He'll have guessed the crossword puzzle by the time the boss comes back.
3. She'll have taken up something else by the summer.
4. Somebody will have shown up by six.
5. They will have done everything by Sunday.
6. Ann will have bought the tickets by the time you arrive at the station.
7. Tom witt have ordered everything when we come to the restaurant.
8. By 2020, people will have learnt to grow food on the seabed.
9. By the end of the autumn, they will have built a new skating-rink in this district.
10. Antony will have opened a new cafe not far from here by the end of the year.
Exercise 3
Complete the following sentences using the words given in brackets.
> Pattern: Francis came to the US from Britain almost five years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly five years since he arrived. Next Monday (he/be/here/exactly five years). Next Monday he will have been here for exactly five years.
1. Pete and Jane are going to the concert. It is 18.30. The concert starts at 19.00. It will take them 45 minutes to get to the hall. By the time they gel there, (the concert/already/to start).
2. The population of this town is about 50,000. Every year it increases; more than 1,000 a year. By the end of the third year (it/become/more than 53,000).
3. Next year is their 10th wedding anniversary. They (to be married/10 years).
4. We are late. It's 11.35 already. The lecture begins at 11.40. By the time we get to the University (the lecture/to start/already).
5. I'm almost through with this book. There are only ten pages left. When you come back, (I/to read/it).
6. He is very good at cooking. It usually takes him half an hour to make a very good meal for the whole family. It's 17.30 now. We'll come home in twenty minutes. When we come, (he/to cook/the meal).
7. Jake usually gets up late. His favourite film is on TV today, but by the time he gets up, (the film/to start already).
8. Ann started working here almost three years ago on Sep-
tember 1. This Monday is September 1. So this Monday (she/to work here/three years).
Exercise 4
What do you think will have happened on Earth by 2000? 2010? 2050? Make up sentences according to the pattern.
> Pattern: By 2050 people won't have found cure against AIDS.
Use some of the ideas from the list given below, but think of your own ideas, too.
— find a cure against cancer;
— learn to grow food on the sea-bed;
— learn to live on the sea-bed;
— construct colonies on the Moon/Mars/Venus;
— design a common language;
— solve hunger problem;
— improve medical care system;
— improve education system;
— solve the Loch-Ness mystery;
— find extra-terrestrial intelligence;
— stop global heating;
— learn to predict earthquakes;
— invent time-travel.
Exercise 5
Complete the following sentences.
1. By the time he comes, ...
2. When this term is over, ...
3. By the end of the week,...
4. By the end of the academic year, ...
5. When they are through with this task, …
6. When my parents come home, ...
7. By the end of this month, ...
8. Before the end of his/her holiday, ...
9. Before the end of this week, ...
10. When they get to the station, ...
When he leaves his house, ...
Exercise 6
Study the following table. Tom, a student at the Linguistics Department, has made a time-table for the next week.
| Su. | Md. | Tu. | We. | Tr. | Fri. | Sa. | |
| 8.00–8.30 | get up, shower | get up, shower | get up, shower | get up, shower | get up, shower | ||
| 8.30–9.00 | jogging | jogging | jogging | jogging | get up, shower | ||
| 9.00–9.15 | breakfast | breakfast | breakfast | breakfast | breakfast | jogging | |
| 10.00–11.00 | get up, shower, jogging | lecture, linguistics | reading-hall, revise for seminar | French class | lecture, linguistics | German class | breakfast |
| 11.05—12.05 | French class | American literature | English literature | seminar, linguistics | read up for exam | ||
| 12.05–13.00 | football on TV | lunch | lunch | lunch, meet Paul | lunch | lunch | meet Jane |
| 13.00—14.00 | German class | read up for exam | French literature | ||||
| 14.00–17.00 | meet Jane in the park | tennis | read up for exam | tennis | club meeting | tennis | |
| 18.00–19.30 | change, dinner with Jane | cinema with friends | light supper, change | change, pub with friends | |||
| 20.00 | call aunt Mary | go to bed | go to bed | go to bed | go to bed | theatre, meet Jane at 20:00 | film on TV |
| 23.00 | go to bed | go to bed | go to bed |
A
Complete the sentences according to the pattern (use the Future Perfect or the Future Progressive Tense).
> Pattern: At 12.00 on Sunday Tom will be watching football. By 13.30 he will have finished watching football.
1. At 9.30 on Monday...
2. By 13.30 on Monday...
3. At 8.15 on Friday ...
4. By 18.00 on Thursday ...
5. At 10.30 on Thursday ...
6. At 11.30 on Saturday...
7. By 18.30 on Tuesday ...
8. By 23.30 on Saturday ...
9. By 8.15 on Friday...
10. At 14.30 on Thursday ...
11. By 20.30 on Monday ...
12. At 10.30 on Friday...
13. At 11.30 on Monday ...
14. By 18.30 on Wednesday ...
15. By 11.30 on Tuesday ...
16. By 20.30 on Wednesday ...
17. At 20.00 on Sunday...
18. By 15.00 on Friday...
19. At 16.00 on Wednesday ...
20. At 18.30 on Wednesday ...
21. By 12.30 on Thursday ...
22. At 18.30 on Saturday ...
В
Ask one of your groupmates to answer the questions according to the pattern.
1. What will Tom have done by 11.30 on Saturday?
2. Will he have read up for his exam by 13.30 on Thursday?
3. What will he be doing at 11.30 on Wednesday?
С
Think of your own plans for the following week. What will you have done by the middle of the week? by the end of the week?
Exercise 7
Use the Future Perfect Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. I hope they (to build) this bridge by the end of the year.
2. What you (to do) by the time I come back?
3. By the end of this year Mr. Faith (to work) for this company for fifty years.
4. They (to pick) all the apples by the end of October.
5. Your guests (to go) by five?
6. By the end of the month 2,000 people (to fall ill). Are you going to send help?
7. 'Will you take me to see the castle when I come?'
'Oh, by all means. I think I (to pass) my driving test by then. Then we'll go by car.'
8. He used to have black hair, but now... I think he (to go) completely grey by the time he's 40.
9. We're trying to raise money for our fund. By the end of the year we (to raise) $2,000.
10. By the end of the week she (to drive) 50 miles.
11. They (to be married) for five years tomorrow.
Exercise 8
Use the Future Perfect, the Future Simple and the Present Simple Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. I (to hope) when I (to come) back you (to finish) your homework.
2. You (to be) late. By the time you (to get) there they (to eat) everything up.
3. Too many people (to fall ill) every day. I'm afraid by the end of the month epidemic (to spread) here.
4. These batteries (to run out) in two days. Don't forget to get some more!
5. Your watch (to be) slow. We (to be) late! The party (to begin) by the time we (to come)!
6. The house is very old. They (to demolish) it by the time you (to come) to our city again, I think.
7. Tornadoes (to speed) through the island every year. By the end of the season they (to damage) many buildings and (to injure) or (to kill) many people.
8. By that time you (to go) crazy or (forget) it all.
Exercise 9
Translate into English.
1. Мы сделаем это упражнение к двум часам, а потом вместе пойдём в парк.
2. Они построят эту школу к 1 сентября.
3. Завтра исполняется 10 лет с тех пор, как она начала работать в этой фирме.
4. Надеюсь, к концу недели они починят нашу стиральную машину.
5. Рабочие закончат ремонт дома к началу осени.
6. Что ты успеешь сделать к тому времени, как я приду?
7. Они закончат строительство к зиме, не правда ли?
8. Уверен, что он не прочтёт эту книгу к назначенному сроку.
9. Они не напишут тест к приходу учителя.
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
I. The Ptesent Perfect Progressive Tense
Exercise 1
Translate into Russian and comment on the use of the Present Perfect Progressive Tense.
1. My brother has been staying with us for three weeks.
2. It has been raining since morning.
3. He's been working here since 1990.
4. She has been telling me how good you are since you left the room.
5. Since when have you been sitting here? Have you been waiting here long?
6. 'How long have you been looking for her?' For three hours.'
7. The sun is shining, but the ground is wet because it has been raining.
8. Who has been playing with the remote control? It doesn't work!
9. 'Why are you so tired? What have you been doing?'
'I've been working in the garden since morning.'
10. She has been playing chess since she was nine.
11. He hasn't been feeling very well recently.
12. She looks fit and tanned. She has been working outdoors a lot recently.
Exercise 2
Make the following sentences: — negative;
— interrogative.
► Pattern: The children have been fighting.
a) The children haven't been fighting.
b) Have the children been fighting?
1. He has been painting this fence for a long time.
2. My secretary has been typing the report for five hours.
3. The boys have been trying to fix that bike since morning.
4. The tourists have been waiting for the guide since four o'clock.
5. You have been talking for almost an hour without stopping.
6. It has been snowing heavily «fairing the whole night.
7. We have been looking for that cafe for half an hour.
8. He has been writing this letter since the lecture began.
9. He has been living in this city since 1970.
10. They have been repairing the road fox the last five years.
11. The students have been translating the text since the lesson began.
12. I have been buying food here since I came to this town.
Exercise 3
Complete the following sentences using the Present Perfect Progressive
> Pattern: His clothes are dirty. (He/to work/in the garden) He has been working in the garden.
1. He is very tired. (He/to play/football)
2. The boy's eyes are red and watery. (He/to dry)
3. He is looking at his watch. (He/to wait/for a long time)
4. She doesn't remember the teacher's words. (She/to daydream)
5. They knowthis place very well. {They/to travel around/a lot)
6. Their eyes ache. (They/to watch TV/since morning)
7. Ann speaks French very well. (She/to learn French/since she was six)
8. He's got a cough. (He/to smoke/since he was a teenager)
9. His fingers are stained with ink. (He/to write/a lot)
10. The boy has to go to the dentist. (He/to eat/too many sweets lately)
11. They look exhausted. (They/to work overtime/lately)
Exercise 4
Paraphrase the following sentences using the words in brackets and conjunctions FOR and SINCE.
> Pattern:a) They are working here. (Monday)
They have been working here since Monday.
b) He is waiting for us. (half an hour) He has been waiting for us for half an hour.
1. She is writing a test. (twelve o'clock)
2. Tom is watching TV. (two hours)
3. They are sitting on the bench and reading, (morning)
4. He is travelling a lot. (winter)
5. He is working hard. (he entered the University)
6. Tony is walking his dog. (fifteen minutes)
7. They are looking for a new house. (the last few months)
8. They are fixing their car. (yesterday)
9. Gerald is checking his notes. (eleven o'clock)
10. The students are writing. (the lecture began)
11. Betty is writing a letter to her friend. (she came home)
12. My friend is learning Spanish. (two years)
13. Linda is travelling around Europe. (May)
14. Bill is making films. (he left college)
Exercise 5
Complete thesentences using the pattern in Exercise 3. Use the Present Perfect Progressive Tense.
1. He looks really tired.
2. Their hands are stained with oil.
3. The boys are nervous.
4. The child's eyes are red.
5. She is washing her hands nervously.
6. The tourists are angry.
7. The children are laughing heartily.
8. The audience is excited.
9. He's got a toothache.
10. The batteries have run out too quickly.
Exercise 6
Ask questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in brackets.
► Pattern: He has been smoking a lot recently. (Why?) Why has he been smoking a lot recently?
1. They've been looking for a restaurant since they came to the town. (Who? Where? What ...for?)
2. She has been packing her suitcase since morning. (What? Why?)
3. Arthur has been driving for six hours without any rest. (Who? How?)
4. They've been answering their child's questions the whole day. (Whose? What?)
5. Ed has been playing with his dog in the park since morning. (Who... with? Where? Who?)
6. He has been answering the director's questions since morning. (Who? Whose? What?)
7. She has been washing up since breakfast. (Who? What?)
8. Her husband has been watching football on TV since breakfast. (Who? What?)
9. Their son has been fighting with his sister since breakfast. (Who? What? Who ... with?)
10. Their cat has been trying to catch a mouse since breakfast. (What?)
11. Someone has been looking through my things. (Why?)
Exercise 7
Make up dialogues according to the following pattern.
> Pattern: a)— It has been raining.
— Since when has it been raining?
— It has been raining since morning.
— b) — The baby is crying.
— How long has it been crying?
— It has been crying for half an hour.
1. It is snowing.
2. He is waiting for the train.
3. Her son is watching TV.
4. His daughter is drawing a picture.
5. She is practising the piano.
6. They are discussing the same problem.
7. I'm trying to find that book.
8. He is solving a math problem.
9. Her mother is cooking dinner.
10. The boys are fighting.
11. The girls are playing with their dolls.
12. The painter is drawing a portrait.
13. The journalist is writing an article.
14. He is composing some music.
Exercise 8
Make up sentences from the words given below. Then look at the short answers and write the questions.
► Pattern: a) He/to wait/two hours/already.
He has been waiting for two hours already.
b) For two hours.
How long has he been waiting?
1. a) I/to ring them up/all morning.
b) My parents.
2. a) He/to smoke/thirty years.
b) Thirty years.
3. a) He/to walk his dog/half an hour/in the park.
b) In the park.
4. a) Her dog/to baric/all day.
b) My neighbour's.
5. a) It/to rain/we arrived.
b) Since we arrived.
6. a) He/to talk on the phone with Chicago/all day.
b) With Chicago.
7. a) They/to try/to fix a car/for days.
b) Their car.
8. a) Tony/to look for his glasses/morning.
b) Tony.
9. a) Brian/to read up for his exam/May.
b) For his exam.
10. a) Carol/to look for a job/she came to this city.
b) Carol.
11. a) They/to repair the road/last Wednesday.
b) The road.
Exercise 9
Use the Present Perfect Progressive instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. I (not to sleep) for twenty three hours.
2. She (to work) in the library for the last five hours.
3. We just (to speak) about you.
4. What you (to do) in my absence?
5. Who (to watch) us?
6. He (to stay) here for three months; and I think my father (to entertain) him too long.
7. She (to have) a toothache since morning.
8. They (to play) football for two hours.
9. She (to dance) since yesterday evening.
10. Where you (to sit) all this time?
11. She (to tell) a lot of lies about me, I'm sure.
12. What you (to talk) about since I left?
Exercise 10
It the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Progressive instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. She (to walk) in the park since morning. It's time to have dinner, but she (not to come) yet.
2. She (to read) this book for three days and (to read) 300 pages already.
3. He (to drive) to London for six hours. How many miles he (to cover) by now?
4. 'I am not through with this test yet.’
'Not through! How long you (to write) it?'
'For an hour.'
5. They (to pull down) the old houses in this street for the last few months, but they (not to touch) the one with the coffee-shop yet.
6. Mike (to collect) stamps since he was nine. He (to collect) so much he doesn't know what to do.
7. He (to solve) this puzzle at last! He (to solve) it since breakfast!
8. 'How long you (to learn) French? I (to learn) since I was ten, but can't avoid mistakes...'
'My parents knew French. They (to talk) French to me since I don't remember what time.'
9. 'Don't tell me any more lies. I (to listen to) you too long!'
'You (to listen), but you (to understand)?'
10. I hear Gerry's footsteps. He (to come) back. I'm going away. I don't want him to see I (to cry).
11. You (to drink) too much since the party began!
12. 'Since when you (to sit) here? How long you (to wait)?'
'I don't know how long I (to wait). I (to sit) and (to look) at the people passing by since I came here... or I guess I (to dream)...'
13. 'Jack and Tony (to play) chess since they are here. Tony (to win) six times already, but Jack (to win) only twice yet.'
'They (not to quarrel)?'
'Oh, no. They (not to quarrel).'
14. 'Barry (to do) this room since morning and he (not to finish) yet.'
'You (to help) him?'
'No, I (to cook) since he started to do his room. But I (to finish) already.’
15. 'The customers (to complain) about mixed-up bills all morning.'
'Something is wrong with the computer. We (to have) trouble with it for some time... I hope Tim (to fix) it already.'
Exercise11
Translate into English.
A
1. Она учит японский уже пять лет.
2. Надеюсь, Ваши друзья хорошо за Вами ухаживали.
3. Она сидит здесь уже несколько часов. С самого утра сидит на скамейке и ждёт кого-то.
4. Они спорят с тех пор, как учитель вышел из класса.
5. Гарри пытается починить изгородь уже несколько часов, но ещё не смог этого сделать.
6. Он пишет статью уже три часа. Он выпил три чашки кофе. Он уже давно не работал так усердно.
7. Эта семья живёт здесь с весны. Они уже перессорились со всеми соседями.
8. — С какого времени ты пытаешься до него дозвониться?
— С десяти часов.
9. Наконец-то Вы пришли! Мы только что говорили о Вас.
10. Кто переставлял мои книги?
11. Чем ты занимался, пока меня не было?
12. Я пытаюсь найти тебя целое утро. Где ты был? Чем ты занимался?
13. Она ждёт этого письма целый месяц.
14. Джон навещал Вас с тех пор, как Ваша сестра уехала?
В
1. «Сколько времени ты уже подслушиваешь? И что тыуспел услышать?»
(Дж. Р. Р. Толкин)
2. — Чем ты занимался, милый? — спросила мама.
— Занимался? Как ты думаешь, чем я занимался?
Я охотился (to shoot).
(Дж. Даррелл)
3. «Я только что говорила д-ру Хэлидею и его племяннице, какая ты умница.»
(Дж. Б. Пристли)
4. «Я новичок в городе. Живу здесь только около трёх месяцев... И я не пробыл тут ещё и недели, как обра-
тил на Вас внимание, мисс Конвей... И с тех пор я наблюдал за Вами.»
(Дж. Б. Пристли)
5. «По правде сказать, Вы единственный человек, о котором мы ещё не говорили.»
(Дж. Б. Пристли)
6. — Ты слишком много пил, Роберт?
— Да, я слишком много пил.
(Дж. Б. Пристли)
7. «Дориан! Какая удача! Я ждал тебя в твоей библиотеке с девяти часов... Сегодня в полночь я уезжаю в Париж.»
(О. Уайльд)