Употребление определенного артикля THE.
1. С существительными как в единственном, так и во множественном числе (the boy, the boys).
2. С иcчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными (the cat, the sugar).
3. Когда мы говорим о чем-то или о ком-то специальном, известном; когда мы упоминаем о чем-то или о ком-то второй раз:
e.g. The boy who has just left is my cousin.
e.g. There’s a cat on the sofa. The cat’s sleeping.
4. С существительными единственными в своем роде, уникальными (the Sun, the Queen, etc.).
5. С названиями кинотеатров (the Odeon), гостинец (the Hilton), театров (the Bolshoi Theatre), музеев (the British Museum), англоязычных газет (the Times), музыкальных инструментов (the guitar), с названиями кораблей (the Queen Mary).
6. С семейными фамилиями (the Browns), с национальностями (the Russian).
7. С названиями океанов (the Pacific Ocean), морей (the Black Sea), рек (the Volga), озер (the Ontario), каналов (the English Channel), горных цепей (the Alps), групп островов (the British Isles), пустынь (the Sahara), стран во множественном числе (the Netherlands, the USA).
8. С прилагательными в превосходной степени (the oldest).
9. С порядковыми числительными (the sixth).
10. В выражениях in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon.
Употребление нулевого артикля (-).
1. С именами собственными (Popova Tanya, Pussy Cat).
2. C названиями стран в единственном числе (Russia), городов (Taganrog), улиц (Chekhov Street), площадей (Pushkin Square), парков (Gorky Park), со словом «озеро» (Lake Baikal), горных вершин (Everest), островов в единственном числе (Cyprus), континентов (Europe).
3 C названиями аэропортов (London Airport), фирм (Kodak), станций (Victoria Station).
4. С названиями журналов (Cosmopolitan), планет (Mars), праздников (Christmas), учебных предметов (History), месяцев (May), дней недели (Monday), языков (English).
5. С абстрактными существительными (love, friendship, etc.).
6. С названиями некоторых мест (at home, in/to bed, at/to work, at/to school/university, on foot); с некоторыми видами транспорта (by bus, by plane, by tram, by car).
7. С некоторыми выражениями: in summer, in winter, in autumn; to have supper/ dinner/ breakfast/ lunch.
8. В восклицаниях: What + неисчисляемое существительное: e.g. What lovely music!
Exercise 13. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
(1)__ Australia is (2)___ very interesting country. (3)___ Australians are very friendly people. Some of (4)___ strangest animals in (5)___ world live there. In (6)___ great Victorian Desert you can find (7)___kangaroos and (8)__ Koala bears. (9)___ most famous city in Australia is (10)___ Sydney.
Exercise 14. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Have you ever been to British Museum / the British Museum?
2. Africa is much larger than Europe / the Europe.
3. Last year I visited Mexico and United States / the United States.
4. Chicago is on Lake Michigan / the Lake Michigan.
5. We're going to Kenya at Christmas / the Christmas.
6. The Sun / Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
7. Do you like to see the photos / photos I took on holiday?
8. There was an accident / a accident when I was going home last night.
9. It's the best film / best film I have seen for ages.
10. How do you get home? – By train / by the train and my friends on foot / the foot.
Exercise15. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. ___ Kazbek is ___ highest peak of ___ Caucasus.
2. ___ Alps are covered with ___ snow.
3. ___USA is ____ largest country in ____ America.
4. ___ Lake Baikal is ___ deepest lake in the world.
5. ___ Paris is the capital of ___France.
6. Which are ___ highest mountains in ___ Russia ?
7. Which river flows through ___ London?
8. ___ Volga runs into ___ Caspian Sea.
9. ___ United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
10. Chicago is on ___ Lake Michigan.
11. Which is ______ most difficult exercise in the test?
12. ‘Which is your favourite subject at school?’ ‘It’s ___ History’.
13. We usually play tennis on ___ Sundays.
14. The weather was so bad in ___ October.
15. ‘What magazine does your sister usually buy?’ ‘___ Cosmopolitan’.
16. Last winter on ___ 6th of ___ February we went to ___ Moscow by___ plane.
17. I like to travel by ___ car, but sometimes I go on ____ foot.
18. Is ___New York in ___ USA or in ___ Canada?
19. Is Australia ___ island or ___ continent?
20. When we visited ___ London, we stayed at ___ Hilton Hotel.
Exercise 16. В каждом предложении ошибка. Найдите и исправьте её.
1. The Sydney is the most famous city in Australia.
2. Some of strangest animals in the world live there.
3. I have a friend in the Canada.
4. Would you like to travel by the plane?
5. I’d like to go to Black Sea this summer.
6. My brother can play guitar.
7. Last summer I visited Mexico and USA.
8. President is a powerful person in the USA.
9. Do you know Browns? They are a nice couple.
10. The Hyde Park is the largest park in London.
11. New Zealand is an very interesting country.
12. My sister has got a cat. A cat’s name is Pussy.
13. Some of strangest animals in the world live there.
14. My brother is the professor.
15. What beautiful day today!
16. My mother usually gets up very early in morning.
17. What a lovely music!
18. We used to spend our holidays in the Spain.
МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ (THE PRONOUN)
Местоимение –это часть речи, которая употребляется вместо имени существительного или имени прилагательного. Существуют три основных типа местоимений: личные (I), притяжательные (my),возвратные(myself)