A. Must, can, may, ought, might, to be

1. His early years are but littleknown to biographers. Yet, he must have startedstudying music at a much earlier age than is generally presupposed. (Biography)

2. You must have readabout many acts of violence directed against the negro communists of South Africa. Yet there mayand, indeed, there must have beenothers which have never reached the columns of the press.

3. The Algerians could never have committedthe atrocities the bourgeois press alleges they have done. ("DW")

4. The Costa-Rica Government may have incurredheavier debts than those officially started. ("The Economist")

5. War preparations in Germany must have startedearlier than was announced in the newspapers.

6. Development in India isto proceed at a faster rate than hitherto, the Indian Times announced yesterday

7. We arejust tostart immediately! Please none of your "Just another minute please". The steamer is leaving and we can't afford to miss it. (S. Brown)

8. The relaxation of international tension may yet prove to be a more potent factor than many continue to think.

9. What we oughtto do with all our might is to put struggle and struggle again against the infiltration of American comics in Great Britain. ("DW")

B. Would

1. "Chris is a business woman," said Roy Drover and Roy wouldknow. (S. Lewis)

2. He wondered what had become of the boys who were his companions; they were nearly thirty now; some wouldbe dead but others were married and had children. (W.S. Таugham)

3. As World War II also underscored, the Latin American countries control much of the mineral and other natural resources that the U.S. needs to supplement its own. That wouldappear a guarantee of instability of the Western Hemisphere. ("The New York Times")

4. Some of your remarks about hay fever in your topics of Aug. 6 wouldindicate that your knowledge is based upon American experience only.

Глагольное подлежащее

1. Mention has been madeof a new material

2. Application should be madeby post.

3. Use is made of anew machine.

4. Advantage has beentaken of these factors.

Эллиптические конструкции

1. The students have very limited, if any,opportunity to speak Russian outside of school. ("The Modern Language Journal")

2. Sacco and Vancetti were electrocuted many years ago. The intervening time has enhanced, if anything,the importance of the

case. ("The Nation")

3. Harriman, the head of the ticket was, if anything,an even more ardent upholder of the cold war line than his opponent. ("The Worker)

4. On the whole, Canada appears to have shown much wisdom in developing its end of the expanding neighbourly relationship with the U.S. Rather than inhibiting Ottawa's world position, the process has, if anything,increased it. ("The New York Times")

5. I do not believe for one moment that a merger of our armed services would save the taxpayer one thin dime. If anything,I am sure that merger might bring about greater expenditure.

6. In general she has changed little, if at all,in the two years of her absence.

7. The inhabitants of his real saw him, if at all,only in passing.

8. Some 2 billion people — three quarters of the world's population - speak languages that are rarely, if ever,taught in the U.S. ("The Modern Language Journal")

9. Thus the U.S. was under pressure to come forward with a serious reply to the Russian proposals — if onlyfor the sake of public opinion in an apprehensive world. ("The New Times")

10. With French consent, the United States was becoming officially involved for the first time in the Algerian question, if only,on its fringes. ("The New York Times")

11. Under no circumstances must the Labour movement permit divisions to arise between workers, whateverthe colour of their skin. In strike after strike — with the London bus strike as the most recent example — the coloured workers have stood firm with their colleagues against the boss.("DW")

12. Whateverthe outcome, the emphasis of both parties is more on "liberal" candidates. ("The Times")

Двузначные глаголы

1. But the Volga cascade pales into insignificancebeside the new schema for tappingthe electric power resources of Russian rivers like the Ob, the Yenisei, the Angara and others in Siberia. (" DW")

2. We are not in all truth, big enough or powerful enough to simply scare the world into adopting our image of what it ought to be. (" Wall Street Journal")

3. Anti-labour legislation in California, Ohio, Washington, Idaho, Colorado and Kansas, helped to stringLabour into activityin these and other States but that alone is not the answer. ("DW")

4. There is danger in the very fact that we are becoming accustomedto the idea of the bomb. We have lived with itfor so long that we may be lulled into a feelingthat there is no harm in living with it for ever. ("The Times")