Повторение Past /Present Simple
Exercise 1.Откройте скобки, используя глаголы в утвердительной, отрицательной и вопросительных формах прошедшего времени:
1 That boy (break) my window.
2 I (drive) to work every day last year.
3 Laura (hit) that boy.
4 James (keep) the book about films.
5 We (meet) them at the same place every week.
6 You (put) that there.
7 We (sit) at the same desks.
8 An American (win) Wimbledon last year.
Exercise 2. Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени.
On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is English. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard.
He answers well and gets a "five". Pete does not get a "five" because he does not know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen. I eat a sandwich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk. After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and take a book. Then I go home.
Exercise 3. Перепишите следующий текст в настоящем времени.
Barry waked up when it was already quite light. He looked at his watch. It was a quarter to seven. Quick! Barry jumped out of bed and ran to the bath-room. He had just time to take a cold shower and I drank a glass of tea with bread and butter. He was in a hurry to catch the eight o'clock train. At the railway station he met three other boys from his group. They all had small backpacks and fishing-rods. In less than an hour they got off the train at a small station near a wood. They walked very quickly and soon found themselves on the shore of a large lake. The boys spent the whole day there fishing, boating and swimming. They returned home late at night, tired but happy.
Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Simple.
1. I (to go) to the gym at seven o'clock every day.
2. I (to go) to the gym at seven o'clock yesterday.
3. John (to clean) his teeth every morning at 7.30 o’clock.
4. Yesterday John (to clean) his teeth at a half past seven in the morning.
5. Jane (not to do) English exercises every day.
6. Jane (not to do) English exercises yesterday.
7. His brother (to drink) coffee with milk every day.
Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Simple.
1. I (to study) English every day.
2. You (to come) to my place yesterday?
3. He (to live) in Dubai.
4. How long it (to take) you to get to the City Mall?
5. What you (to study) every Friday?
6. We (to have) dinner with my family yesterday.
7. His computer (to be) ready yesterday.
8. My friend (to like) running in the park every morning.
9. Their family (to invite) everybody to the party last week.
10. Jesse always (to come) to work early.
Тема 3
The United States of America
Лексический блок
After 350 years of development the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. The United States of America lies in the central part of North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, Alaska and the rest major part of the USA. There are fifty states and district of Columbia. The states differ very much in size, population and economical development. The population of the United States is about 250 million people.
What makes the USA the leader of the western world is its economical, political and military dominance over other countries.
The United States is a federal republic. The Government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court).
There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic and the Republican.
The flag of the USA is called "Stars and Stripes". The 50 stars — white on a blue field — represent the 50 states, 18 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became independent of England.
The capital of the United States is Washington. It was named in honour of the first president whose name was George Washington. The biggest cities of the USA are New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago and other.
Questions:
1. Where is the US situated?
2. What are the major political parties?
3. Who is the US president now?
4. How many States are there in the country?
5. What is the US population?
6. What is the political structure in the country?
7. What is the capital of the USA?
8. What is the name of American flag?
Vocabulary:
development — развитие
to hold — держать
leading — ведущий
powerful — могущественный, мощный
coast — побережье
to consist — состоять
to be washed by — омываться
separate — отдельный
dominance — преобладание
branch — ветвь, отрасль
to divide — разделять
legislative — законодательный
executive — исполнительный
judicial — судебный
to represent — представлять
Грамматический блок
Present Perfect
Сегодня вас ожидает новое время глагола Present Perfect . Оно не из лёгких, но если в нём как следует разобраться, то не будет особых проблем в дальнейшем, с остальными перфектами (Past и Future). Рассмотрите такую ситуацию:
Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. (has lost - это и есть Present Perfect)
| Вот как оно образуется: | I / You / We / They have (= I've) | finished lost done been |
| He / She / It has (= he's) |
Вспомогательные глаголы have / has + V3(3 форма глагола), т.е. если глагол правильный (finish, work), то просто добавляем к нему окончание -ed. Если же он неправильный (lose, do), то нужно смотреть таблицу неправильных глаголов Past Participle (обычно в 3 столбике).
Используется Present Perfect когда действие произошло в прошлом, но нас интересует не само действие, а его результат в настоящем. Всегда должна быть какая-нибудь связь с настоящим. Например:
"Where's your key?" "I don't know. I've lost it." (У меня его сейчас нет)
He told me his name but I've forgotten it. (Я не могу сейчас вспомнить)
"Is Sally here?" "No, She's gone out." (Сейчас она вышла)
I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (Ты не знаешь, где она сейчас?)
Часто Present Perfect используется когда нужно рассказать о событии, которое произошло совсем недавно и, опять же, когда нас интересует результат, а не время, в котором действие имело место быть:
Oh! I've cut my finger. (не важно где и когда, важно, что сейчас имею результат - порезанный палец)
The road is closed. There's been (= there has been) an accident.
The police has arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
Present Perfect очень часто используется с такими обстоятельствами как just, already, yet:
- Just - недавно, короткое время тому назад:
"Would you like something to eat?" "No, thanks. I've just had lunch."
Hello. Have you just arrived? - Already - уже, раньше чем ожидалось:
"Don't forget to post the letter, will you?" "I've already posted it."
"What time is Mark leaving?" "He's already gone." - Yet - ещё, до сих пор. (используется только в вопросах и отрицаниях):
Has it stopped raining yet?
I've written the letter but I haven't posted it yet.
Также обратите внимание на разницу между gone (to) и been (to).
Gone - уехал и не вернулся. Been - был, ездил и вернулся:
Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain (он сейчас находится там или по пути туда)
Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy. (была и вернулась)
Exercise 1.Rewrite these sentences with the correct time adverbial in the correct place.Перепишите предложения, употребляя нужное наречие из поданых в скобках.
1 Have you been to Paris? (ever/never)
Пример: Have you ever been to Paris?
2 Look, your brother has come in. (usually/just)
3 I have tried to read War and Peace but I always stop because it's difficult. (usually/often)
4 We have visited the Czech Republic. What's it like? (sometimes/never)
5 Peter has given me his homework on time . (sometimes/never)
6 Have you been to the cinema with Tom? (ever/ just)
7 I haven't used that computer so I don't know what to do. (never/ever)
8 They have done the homework. Here it is. (already/yet)
9 They haven't done the homework. It's for next week. (already/yet)
10 I've worked here ten years, (since/for)
11 I've worked here 2000. (since/for)
12 I've worked here. (all my life/since)
Тема 4
New Zealand
Лексический блок
New Zealand is an island country in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1600 km southeast of Australia and about 10 500 km southwest of California. New Zealand belongs to a large island group called Polynesia. The country is situated on two main islands — the North Island and the South Island — and several dozen smaller islands. Most of the smaller islands are hundreds of kilometers from the main ones.
Wellington is the capital of New Zealand and Auckland is the largest city. English is the official language of New Zealand and is spoken throughout the country. Many native people speak their own language» Maori, in addition to English.
The country once belonged to the British empire. Today it is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations, an association of Britain and a number of its former colonies.
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, is the monarch of New Zealand. She appoints a governor general to represent her, but the governor general has little power. The legislation, prime minister, and Cabinet run the national government.
Britain gave New Zealand a constitution in 1852, when it was a British colony. But through the years the New Zealand legislature has changed almost all its provisions. Today, the nation has no written constitution.
The first people who settled in New Zealand were a brown-skinned people called Maoris. They came from Polynesian islands located northeast of New Zealand. The country was discovered by Europeans in 1642, but they did not start to settle in the islands until the late 1700's. Today, most New Zealanders are descendants of the early European settlers. Maoris make up about 12 % of the country's population
New Zealand has one of the highest standard of living in the world. For many years, the economy of the country depended largely on agriculture. Today agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries are all important to the economy. New Zealand's economy depends on trade with many countries — Australia, Britain, Japan and the United States.
Questions:
1. Where is New Zealand situated?
2. What city is the capital of New Zealand?
3. What languages do people in New Zealand speak?
4. What is the official language in New Zealand?
5. Who is New Zealand's head of state?
6. Who runs the national government?
7. Who were the first people to live in New Zealand?
8. What are the main industries of the country?
Vocabulary:
to lie — находиться
is situated — расположена
the North Island — Северный остров
the South Island — Южный остров
dozen — дюжина
capital — столица
official language — государственный язык
Maori — маорийский язык
the Commonwealth of Nations — Содружество
the United Kingdom — Соединенное Королевство
to appoint — назначать
governor general — генерал-губернатор
to represent — представлять
legislation — законодательная власть
prime minister — премьер-министр
Cabinet — кабинет
government — правительство
provision — положение
brown-skinned — с коричневой кожей
to settle — селиться
New Zealander — новозеландец
descendant — потомок
settler — поселенрц
to rriake up — составлять
population — население
standard of living — уровень жизни
agriculture — сельское хозяйство
manufacturing industry — обрабатывающая промышленность
service industry — сфера услуг
trade — торговля
Грамматический блок