Past continuous and past simple
1. Underline the correct variant
1. Yesterday at 2 p.m. he was interviewed/was being interviewed. 2. I felt I was looked at/was being looked at. 3. Some questions were brought up/were being brought up by our director. 4. Some facts were found/were being found false. 5. When I came the urgent questions were discussed/were being discussed. 6. He was paid/was being paid badly. 7. The doctor was puzzled/was being puzzled by the woman’s illness. 8. I was supplied/was being supplied with a uniform. 9. While I was asked/was being asked some questions my colleague was taken/was being taken a picture. 10. The letters of appointment were shown/were being shown to me at 4 p.m. on Tuesday.
2. Complete the following sentences with the proper form of past continuous or past simple. Use the verbs given in brackets
1. We were waiting for the police while our passports (to check). 2. I (to send) full details of the job. 3. Two new stores (to open) last month. 4. He was laughing while he (to tell) a funny story. 5. When I called for him he (to teach) Spanish. 6. The bank (to rob) last night. 7. When we phoned them they (to drive) to the airport. 8. The secretary (to give) instructions when lunch (to serve). 9. The journalist (to thank) by the editor for inventing the story. 10. The report (to fax) while the documents (to sign).
3. Translate from Russian into English
1. Вчера в шесть вечера вас ждали у театра. 2. Часть документов была утеряна из-за пожара. 3. Когда мы переехали, квартиру еще ремонтировали. 4. Пять лет назад фирма находилась под руководством опытного директора. 5. В субботу с 6 до 8 вечера нас обучали (to train) работе на компьютере. 6. Главного инженера освободили от обязанностей месяц назад (to release from duties). 7. Собрание было отложено из-за болезни председателя. 8. Записная книжка внимательно изучалась следователем. 9. Врача вызывали три раза на прошлой неделе. 10. Когда подписывали контракт, зазвонил телефон.
Future tenses
1. Underline the correct variant using future simple or future perfect tense
1. Coffee will be made/will have been made available by 7 p.m. 2. He will be paid/will have been paid a lot of money at the end of the year. 3. They will be pronounced/will have been pronounced husband and wife on 29th of April. 4. All the help will be given/will have been given to the new members of staff. 5. The secret documents will be destroyed/will have been destroyed by the time when I come back. 6. Both players will be penalized/will have been penalized by referee. 7. She will be hospitalized/will have been hospitalized by next week. 8. The office will be staffed/will have been staffed by trained personnel in two months. 9. By next year domestic industrial market will be flooded/will have been flooded with Chinese goods. 10. A reminder will be sent/will have been sent by post as soon as possible.
2. Put the following sentences into passive voice
1. They will look after the children well. 2. People will laugh at you if you say it. 3. I wonder whether they will listen to him. 4. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. 5. When they get there the operators will have already tested the new equipment. 6. They will postpone the conference because of the director’s illness till next Monday. 7. We will require some capital to restart our business. 8. Customers will have got a 10% discount by the end of the year. 9. He will invite you to the conference next month. 10. You will do this work tomorrow.
3. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Об этом фильме будут много говорить. 2. Стадион будет построен к осени. 3. Собрание будет проведено, когда я вернусь из командировки. 4. Производство будет значительно сокращено в следующем году. 5. Все данные будут собраны к пятнице. 6. Зарплата будет выплачена вовремя. 7. Вторая копия контракта будет уже отправлена к тому времени. 8. Деньги будут переведены на ваш счет в ближайшее время. 9. Его работа будет оплачена дополнительно. 10. Ей не дадут никакого шанса выиграть соревнования.
UNIT 7
MODAL VERBS
1. Fill in the gaps with modal verb may or can
1. … we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon? 2. What time is it? – It … be about six o’clock, but I am not sure. 3. Only a person who knows the language very well … answer such a question. 4. Libraries are quite free and anyone who likes … get books there. 5. I … come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. … I come in? 7. Do you think you … do that? 8. Be careful: you … spill the milk if you carry it like that. 9. I don’t think I … be here by eleven o’clock tomorrow, but I … be. 10. … you see anything in this inky darkness?
2. Fill in the gaps with modal verb may, can or must
1. You really … work harder if you want to pass that exam. 2. Many children in Britain … wear a uniform when they go to school. 3. My cousin … drive but he hasn’t got a car. 4. I am not sure where to go for my holidays but I … go to Italy. 5. When you come to London again, you … come and see us. 6. You … taste it if you like. 7. … you speak any foreign languages? 8. You … write to your parents. You haven’t written to them for ages. 9. The fare … be cheaper on Sundays but it’s worth checking. 10. Anyone … make a mistake. 11. The wires …touch or it won’t work.
3. Translate from Russian into English
1. Она не может вас понять. 2. Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть. 3. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 4. Дети не должны играть со спичками. 5. Он может забыть мой адрес и телефон. 6. Никто не мог мне помочь. 7. Скоро может пойти дождь. 8. Вы не можете мне сказать, как доехать до вокзала? 9. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купаться. 10. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 11. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа. 12. Я должна много работать над своим английским.
UNIT 8
Sequence of tenses
1. Underline the correct variant
1. We were afraid that the goods hadn’t arrived/didn’t arrive yet. 2. I was sure that he will support/would support my plan. 3. She didn’t know that they were leaving/are leaving for the USA the next day. 4. I thought the director is having/was having talks with the French partners then. 5. She hoped that she will be promoted/would be promoted soon. 6. We were glad that our sportsmen won/had won the championship. 7. My boss was angry as I didn’t clear/hadn’t cleared up all the points of our contract. 8. I was very sorry that I couldn’t see/hadn’t been able to see you off. 9. In this letter my cousin wrote that he studied/studies German and Economics. 10. My neighbors believed that I am having a party/was having a party as it was very noisy.
2. Make up sentences following the rule of sequence of tenses. Begin each sentence with the words from the brackets
1. The employees are having dinner. (He thought). 2. She is a very experienced doctor. (I supposed). 3. I made no mistake in my test. (I was glad). 4. His work will be estimated. (We were sure). 5. He recently applied for the post of Product Manager. (I knew). 6. This car costs an absolute fortune. (I was sure). 7. My brother made a lot of money from the sale of his house. (I guessed). 8. He rents a well-equipped flat with a lot of modern conveniences. (We knew). 9. She has been ill for a week. (They didn't know). 10. She reserved a room for me at that hotel. (My sister let me know).
3. Translate from Russian into English
1. Мой коллега сказал, что он скоро уезжает в командировку за границу. 2. Я не знал, что они копят деньги на новую машину. 3. Юрист был уверен, что документы фальшивые. 4. Мы надеялись, что они остановятся в том же отеле, что и мы. 5. Мои родители были довольны, что я нашел хорошо оплачиваемую работу. 6. Она полагала, что ей предоставят отпуск летом. 7. Они догадывались, что их товары будут пользоваться большим спросом. 8. Менеджер был огорчен, так как его попытки найти решение проблемы были тщетны. 9. Туристы спросили меня, есть ли лифт в том новом здании. 10. Я боялся, что документы не будут готовы к моему возвращению.
UNIT 9
REPORTED SPEECH
1. Underline the correct variant
1. Tom just told me he is/was going home because he didn’t feel well. 2. Shakespeare wrote that all the world is/was a stage. 3. Ali says he’d/he’ll see you later. 4. My mother was always saying that you can/could take a horse to water but you can’t/couldn’t make it drink. 5. He asked me if I am/was going to the party tonight. 6. William says he wants/wanted to be an economist when he grows up. 7. She demanded to know why I hadn’t/doesn’t come home previous night. 8. My lawyer asked me to be/be on time. 9. He promised to finish/finished his work in the evening. 10. She advised me not to go/not going with them.
2. Rewrite the following as polite questions using reported speech
1. How long will you be staying here? Could you tell me … 2. Where do Bill and Teresa live? Do you know … 3. Where is the nearest post office? Could you tell me … 4. Would you look after the children this evening? I wonder … 5. Could you give me Peter’s address? I wonder … 6. Where will Simon be staying? Do you know … 7. Why did they live so suddenly? I wonder … 8. Are the shops opened at the week-end? Can you tell me … 9. What would he like for his birthday? Do you know … 10. Will you come round for a cup of coffee sometime? I wonder …
3. Match the reports with the actual words used
| 1. They said they had to go. | a. I bumped into your brother in London yesterday. |
| 2. He suggested that we should write to the boss. | b. I’ll certainly come and see you sometime. |
| 3. He said he would help if he could. | c. I’m afraid it’s time for us to leave. |
| 4. They complained that they were too busy. | d. His face seems familiar. |
| 5. She mentioned that she had met you. | e. We have far too much work at the moment. |
| 6. He told that he was going on business on Monday. | f. Well, I’ll do whatever I can for you. |
| 7. She promised she would visit us. | g. If I were you I would get in touch with the manager. |
| 8. He was sure he had seen him somewhere before. | h. I’m short of time. I have to pack my things and buy tickets. |
4. Rearrange the following to make reported questions and translate them into Russian. The first word is underlined
1. asked materials they would us when the be ready. 2. much they enquired they also cost how would. 3. manager the purchasing we our wanted to know goods usually ship how. 4. report that the thought she secretary was the typing. 5. had asked last they contract when finished the. 6. contract they to when the know also start wanted would. 7. asked also if price was they fixed the. 8. I did not that he English all at found out know. 9. I told was better she that the market analyzed else anybody than. 10. we that finished work their had they knew.
5. Report the following questions about a contract in a similar way
1. When does the contract start? – I inquired. 2. How many companies are involved in it? – He asked. 3. Is there a penalty clause? – She wondered. 4. How many units will be supplied each month? – He asked. 5. How will the goods be shipped? – The manager asked. 6. What discount will be offered, if any? – The boss asked. 7. Is the agreement flexible? – He asked then. 8. Were all the terms guaranteed? – She asked.
6. What are the likely original statements which these report?
1. They said they would be at the station by ten. 2. She said she had to wash her hair that evening. 3. He tried to convince me that Goa was in Africa. 4. She claimed she spent her childhood in Australia. 5. She said she’d given up studying English and was going to get married instead. 6. He said that he was an engineer and worked at a plant. 7. Jane explained that she had seen her friend the day before. 8. The secretary said that the manager would tell her about it the next day. 9. I wondered when your mother would come home. 10. She wanted to know if I was listening her.
7. Add the missing word in each of these examples
1. Silvia said … she hadn’t got enough time. 2. We enquired … or not they were staying. 3. She asked … I would stay long. 4. The firemen told us … leave the building. 5. My father asked me … I intended to do. 6. She promised … come with us. 7. I advise you … go home. 8. My friend suggested … I should go to see the film. 9. Her mother just rang to check … she was coming. 10. He agreed … fulfill this task.
8. Translate from Russian into English
1. Мама спросила меня, на что я потратила деньги. 2. Декан интересовался, что мы собираемся делать летом. 3. Прохожий спросил меня, где находится сберегательный банк. 4. Его коллеги ответили ему, что шеф уехал в командировку вчера. 5. Соседи спросили меня, когда я вернулся из-за границы. 6. Студенты интересовались, как они будут поощрены за эту научную деятельность. 7. Финансовый директор сказал, что в следующем году прибыль нашей компании возрастет. 8. Покупатели хотели знать, когда начнется сезон распродаж. 9. Секретарь ответила, что не имеет достаточного опыта работы с компьютером. 10. Статистики утверждали, что уровень безработицы в прошлом году резко снизился. 11. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 12. Преподаватель попросила студентов не шуметь на занятии.
UNIT 10
CONDITIONALS
Conditionals: 1 and 2
1. Underline the correct variant
1. If we’re/ we would be late for the meeting, our boss will be/ was angry. 2. If we lived/would live on another planet, we’d see/we will see the Earth in the sky. 3. If we take/will take a taxi, we’ll arrive/we arrived sooner. 4. If we don’t hurry/won’t hurry, we’ll be/we would be late. 5. If we were/are birds, we would be able to/are able to fly. 6. If you don’t wear/wouldn’t wear your pullover, you’ll feel/ you felt cold. 7. If I studied/will study harder, I would get/ get better marks. 8. If I had/have a car, I’d drive/drove to the office. 9. If you lend/will lend me your mobile phone, I’ll call/I call to my partner. 10. If I had/would have lots of money, I’d give/I gave some to all my friends.
2. Complete the following sentences with the proper form of conditional 1 or conditional 2 using the verbs given
1. If I (have) arms five meters long, I (be able) to reach the top of that shelf! 2. Don’t worry, you've just got a cold. If you (take) an aspirin, you (feel) better. 3. Vegetarians believe that if nobody (eat) meat, everyone (live) longer. 4. If I (become) a famous rock star, I (buy) my parents an enormous house. 5. It says 'No Parking'. If you (leave) the car here, the police (give) you a parking fine. 6. It's not far. If you (follow) this path, you (come) to the station. 7. If people in cities (use) bikes instead of cars, there (not be) so much pollution. 8. Actually it's a very friendly dog. If you (touch) it, it (not bite) you. 9. If you (leave) your books on the desk, I (give) them back to you at the end of the lesson. 10. If you (own) a pet tiger, your friends (not visit) you!
3. Complete the following sentences for each situation, using the verbs given
1. You are standing very close to the edge of a swimming-pool. You are wearing all your clothes, not a swimming costume. A friend says:
If you (fall in)..., your clothes (get)...!
2. You are sitting in the classroom on a hot day. You are day-dreaming about going to the beach. You think:
If today (be)… a holiday, I (go)… to the beach.
3.You can't answer a question in your English book. You ask a friend to help, but she doesn't know the answer. She says:
If I (know)… the answer, I (tell)… you.
4. You are walking towards the bus-stop with a friend. Suddenly the bus arrives. The bus-stop is far away, but you think there is a chance of catching the bus. You say:
If we (run)…, we (catch)… it!
5. You are planning to go to the beach tomorrow with some friends. You are not sure about the weather, because it sometimes rains at this time of the year. You arrange to meet tomorrow afternoon and say:
If it (rain)…, we (go)… to the cinema instead.
6. You are very busy, because you have lots of work, and you also playing two teams. A friend asks you to join a computer club. You say:
If I (have)… more free time, I (join)… the club. But it's impossible at the moment because I'm too busy!
7. You are discussing the idea of underwater cities. People are describing the advantages and disadvantages of living under the sea. You say:
If we (live)… under the sea, we (eat)… fish all the time!
8. You are worried about a test next week. You ask your teacher for some advice. She says:
If you (study)… for one hour every day, you (pass)… the test.
4. Complete each sentence (a-j) with an ending (1-10)
| a) If you play the music too loud,… b) If the North Pole melted,… c) If we don't have enough ice-cream,… d) If I found someone's wallet, … e) If a burglar broke into this house,… f) If my train isn't late,… g) If you were famous,.… h) If my father lends me the money,… i) If you took more exercise, … j) If you tell me what you want,… | 1) the alarm would go off. 2) I’ll buy a new bike. 3) I’ll be in Paris at 6.00. 4) you wouldn’t see me any more! 5) you would feel better. 6) the water would flood many cities. 7) I’ll buy it for you. 8) you’ll wake up the neighbors. 9) we’ll get some more. 10) I’d take it to the police station. |
5. Complete the sentences using these words and phrases
| Was, leaving, can't, might, starts, am, would be, becomes, take, should. |
1. If I … not busy, I'll visit you. 2. If he… careful, he wouldn't break things. 3. If he were slimmer, he… much more attractive. 4. If she… Prime Minister, she'll raise taxes. 5. Unless you stop wasting time, I'm… right now. 6. If you don't give me more information, I… help you. 7. If a fire …, the alarm goes off. 8. You … make your own food if you don't like my cooking. 9. … more exercise and you'll soon feel better. 10. If the weather improves, I … go for a stroll.
6. Write two sentences using the information. The first should express a likely event and the second a less likely but still possible event
Example: we leave at eight / we arrive on time
Likely: If we leave at eight o'clock, we'll arrive on time.
Less likely: If we left at eight o'clock, we'd arrive on time.
1. I am not busy / come and pick you up
Likely:………………………………....
Less likely:…………………………….
2. You fall / break your leg
Likely:…………………………………..
Less likely:……………………………...
3. I drink too much wine /I feel sleepy
Likely:…………………………………..
Less likely:……………………………...
4. You get the job / you have more freedom
Likely:…………………………………...
Less likely:………………………………
5. The questions be easy enough / everyone pass the test
Likely:…………………………………………
Less likely:…………………………………….
7. Translate from Russian into English
1. Если бы ты был умнее, ты бы не стал разговаривать с боссом таким тоном. 2. Я уверена, что все в нашей компании были бы рады, если бы эта встреча состоялась. 3. Она купит новый компьютер, если ей повысят зарплату. 4. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы посоветовался с адвокатом. 5. Том будет очень благодарен, если ты поможешь ему решить эту проблему. 6. Если бы я знал английский, я бы помог вам вести переговоры с нашими партнерами из этой страны. 7. Если бы сейчас подошло такси, мы бы не опоздали к началу собрания. 8. Мы будем вынуждены поднять цену на нашу продукцию, если вырастет цена на сырье. 9. Если бы я не работала на финансовом рынке в течение десяти лет, я бы не добилась такого успеха. 10. Если бы только он смог изменить ситуацию в отделе продаж, прибыль компании немедленно бы возросла. 11. Бухгалтер сделает годовой отчет, если получит все необходимые данные.
But for… constrictions
1. Complete the following sentences using but for… construction
1. But for the nasty weather (I not to stay at home). 2. But for the taxi they (miss the train). 3. But for a foreign accent one (take him for a Russian). 4. But for the mistake in the address the letter (reach them in time). 5. But for her impatience she (be a good teacher). 6. But for his absence the meeting (not be postponed). 7. But for her smile I (not recognize her). 8. But for the late hour it (be possible to get him on the phone). 9. But for him nobody (notice the mistake). 10. But for his signature we (not believe it was his order).
2. Translate from Russian into English using but for … construction
1. Если бы не дождь, мы бы не опоздали на спектакль. 2. Если бы не его болезнь, он бы принял приглашение. 3. Я не знаю, как бы мы связались с ним, если бы не справочное бюро. 4. Если бы не этот неприятный инцидент, вечер прошел бы хорошо. 5. Почта была бы доставлена во время, если бы не снежный буран. 6. Мы бы никогда не уговорили ее участвовать в нашем проекте без его помощи. 7. Если бы не ваш совет, я бы не принял правильного решения. 8. Если бы не его беспечность (carelessness), эти важные документы не были бы потеряны. 9. Если бы не друзья, ему пришлось бы очень трудно. 10. Если бы не банковский заем (loan), мы бы не открыли свой бизнес.
Conditionals: 2 and 3
1. Underline the correct variant
1. If you phoned/had phoned yesterday, I had given/would have given you the news. 2. If you took/ have taken more exercises, you might feel/had felt better. 3. If Tim drove/had driven more carefully, he wouldn't have crashed/didn't crash. 4. If you had come/came to see the film, you would have enjoyed/had enjoyed it. 5. If I'd known/I would know it was your birthday, I would send/would have sent you a card. 6. If people helped/had helped one another more often, the world might be/was a better place. 7. If our team had scored/scored more goals, it had won/could have won. 8. If you would have worn/wore a coat, you wouldn't get/didn't get wet. 9. You would have got/got much more profit if you have done/did the market research before. 10. If he visited/had visited his friend last Sunday he would have had/would have an opportunity to help.
2 Complete the following sentences with the proper form of conditional 3 or mixed conditional using the verbs given
1. If you (come) to the theatre yesterday, you (enjoy) the play. 2. If I (visit) Athens last year, I (phone) you. 3. If only I (know) you already had tickets, I (not get) any for you. 4. If you (start) coming to the course earlier, you (could pass) the exam. 5. If I (not be) so shy at the party last Saturday, I (might make) more friends. 6. If you (not spend) so much money, I (not be) angry now. 7. I (could become) an accountant if I (be) good at math. 8. She (get) promoted last year if she (not argue) with the boss. 9. He (not get) the job, if he (not wear) a tie. 10. If I (meet) you before, my life (be) different. 11. If he (not see) the other car, there (be) a serious accident
3. Make third conditional sentences for each of the following situations. Begin with the words given
Example: I was tired. I went to bed early.
If I hadn't felt tired, I wouldn't have gone to bed early.
If I hadn't felt tired, I would have gone to bed later.
1. I didn't have enough money. I didn't take a taxi.
If………………………………………………….
2. I wasn't interested in the film. I didn't go to the cinema.
If…………………………………………………………
3. We took the wrong turning. We arrived late.
If………………………………………………
4. Romeo thought Juliet was dead. He committed suicide.
Romeo wouldn't………………………………………….
5. Oliver was punished. He asked for more food.
If Oliver………………………………………….
6. The building had weak foundations. It fell down.
The building wouldn't have……………………….
7. I didn't go downstairs. I was afraid of the dark.
I might…………………………………………
8. You didn't run fast. You didn't come first.
You could…………………………………..
9. I didn't know she was the examiner. I made a silly joke.
Had………………………………………………………..
10. She didn't have a car. She couldn't have driven there.
If she……………………………………………………..
& 4. Fill each space in the following text with one suitable word
All the difference
I often wonder how my life would have (1)… different if on that particular day I (2)… walked in the other direction. Or what (3)…have happened if - in those few seconds – I (4)… walked just a little bit faster? She wouldn't (5)… been able to do what she did, say the things she said. If it (6)… not been for these shy words of greeting, I would not (7)… here now - I would probably (8)… in the same city I grew up in. It is amazing how our lives depend on the most minute details: a split-second decision which makes all the difference. (9)… I ever have found romance at all (10)… I hadn't met Francesca that day and if she (11)… decided not to walk on that path beside the trees? I couldn't possibly (12)… done what I did in my life if we (13)…not met on that bright, sunny morning. And if the sun had not (14)…shining and the birds singing, she would probably have (15)… even spoken to me.
5. Translate from Russian into English
1. Если бы ваша компания отправила нам этот заказ вчера, то утром вы бы получили товар. 2. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы не организовали эти переговоры с поставщиками на прошлой неделе. 3. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы на прошлом заседании совета директоров мы бы обсудили этот вопрос. 4. Ты не знаешь, какое количество заказов наша фирма могла бы получить, если бы мы приняли участие в выставке-ярмарке в январе? 5. Если бы он знал, что это расстроит вас, он был бы осторожнее. 6. Если бы наш директор вовремя проконсультировался с юристом, то у нас бы не было этих проблем. 7. Если бы я знал, что вы приедете, я бы встретил вас вчера в аэропорту. 8. Мы бы выслали вам груз, если бы вы оплатили его во время. 9. Вы могли бы получить скидку (discount), если бы купили большой обьем нашей продукции.10. Если бы наш шеф не обладал таким трудолюбием, он бы не основал эту компанию много лет назад.
Wishes
1. Underline the correct variant
1. I am sunburnt. I wish I hadn't sunbathed/didn't sunbathe for so long. 2. I don't feel well. I wish I could stay/stayed at home tomorrow. 3. I'm not a good swimmer, but I wish I could swim/would swim well. 4. I wish I had/have a diploma now! 5. I wish I could see/saw you tomorrow, but it's impossible. 6. I wish Jim didn't sit/doesn't sit next to me. He's so annoying! 7. If only we had/would have some money we could take the bus. 8. I hope you enjoyed/enjoy yourselves at the dance tomorrow.
2. Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb given
1. I'm soaked to the skin! If only I (bring) an umbrella! 2. This pullover was really cheap. I wish I (buy) two of them! 3. I like your institute. I wish I (go) there too. 4. I must get in touch with Sue. If only I (know) her phone number! 5. This bus is really slow! I wish we (take) the train instead. 6. I'm disappointed in this camera. I wish I (not buy) it. 7. I answered three questions well. If only I (finish) the whole test! 8. I can't understand anything Marie says! I wish I (speak) French. 9. I'm hungry. If only .I (have) sandwich in my pocket. 10. Enjoy your holiday. I hope you (have) a good time. 11. This is a lovely place. I wish we (be) here before. 12. It's a pity you live so far away. If only you (live) in my street! 13. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance) as well as her!
3. Complete each sentences with the correct form of the verb given. Some sentences require a negative
1. Bruce wishes he (have) more money so he could buy a new sweater. 2. I wish it (snow) now that it's Christmas. 3. I wish I (be) taller so that I could be in the basketball team. 4. I wish you (stop) watching television while I am talking to you. 5. I wish you (do) that. It annoys me. 6. I wish the holidays (come) so we could go off to the seaside. 7.I wish they (build) that block of flats right in front of our window. 8. Of course Tom wishes he (come) with us Paris, but he has to stay here and work. 9. I wish we (go) to the match on Saturday but we're visiting my uncle instead. 10. I wish you (keep) your mouth shut yesterday. Now Mary knows everything. 11. If only I (lose) all my money. Now I'm broke. 12. Peter is always late. If only he (turn up) on time for a change!
4. Choose the correct continuation for each sentence
1. I've got lots of work to do, and I'm tired, but I can't stop.
a) I wish I had taken a rest. b) I wish I could take a rest.
2. I wasn't paying attention in class, and now I can't do my homework
a) I wish I listened to my teacher. b) I wish I'd listened to my teacher.
3. Sarah painted her room green, but she doesn't like it
a) She wishes she'd painted it blue. b) She wishes she painted it blue.
4. This is a very puzzling problem!
a) I wish I'd known the answer. b) I wish I knew the answer.
5. It's really cold and miserable here in the winter.
a) I wish we lived in a warm place. b) I hope we live in a warm place.
6. I can't repair my bike because I haven't got any tools.
a) If only I would have a screwdriver. b) If only I had a screwdriver.
7. I'm worried about my basketball team. Perhaps they won't win!
a) I wish they play well. b) I hope they play well.
8. You promised not to tell anyone my secrets but you did!
a) I wish I hadn't told you. b) I wish I didn't tell you.
5. Here are some problems in brackets. How could they have been avoided? Use the words and phrases to help you write two sentences about each problem using wish and If only
| play fewer computer games, keep calm, eat less, lose temper, walk more, use bins, watch less TV, use car less often, save water, let someone else drive, waste water, take more exercise, protect forest, drive carefully, recycle more paper, take rubbish home |
1. (I've gained a lot of weight.)
I wish..……………………….
If only………………………..
2. (The rivers and reservoirs have dried up.)
I wish………………………………………
If only………………………………………
3. (He crashed his car.)
I wish………………..
If only……………….
4. (He had a row with his best friend.)
I wish………………………………...
If only………………………………..
5. (People drop litter in the street.)
I wish……………………………..
If only……………………………..
6. (We are cutting down too many trees.)
I wish……………………………………
If only……………………………………
7. (People use their cars when they don't need to.)
I wish…………………………………………….
If only…………………………………………….
8. (Children don't read enough nowadays.)
I wish…………………………………….
If only…………………………………….
6. Translate from Russian into English
1. Жаль, что вы не слышали отчет министра финансов. Если бы вы его слышали, вы бы знали почему в нашей стране такая высокая инфляция. 2. Если бы только мы получили хороший заказ, то смогли бы сразу же рассчитаться с кредиторами.3. Жаль, что мы сразу же не обсудили этот вопрос с менеджером. 4. Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета. 5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в выставке. 6. Если бы он был свободен сейчас! 7. В нашей компании сложилась сложная финансовая ситуация. Хорошо бы вы сообщили об этом нашим должникам. 8. Жаль, что вы не видели нашу последнюю коллекцию одежды. 9. Ах, если бы вы сказали об этом вчера! Ситуацию можно было бы изменить. 10. Если бы на прошлой неделе у меня было больше времени, я бы выполнил вашу просьбу.
UNIT 11
QUESTIONS
Special questions
1. Ask a question about the information underlined in each of the following sentences using who, what or another question word.
1. We live in the old town. 2. I gave the book to Valerie. 3. Michael lent me his car. 4. I got married 20 years ago. 5. He plays basketball best. 6. I'd like the green pullover, please. 7 I like big woolly pullovers. 8. A madman murdered the President 9. A madman murdered the President 10. A madman murdered the President 11. I go to the cinema at least once a week. 12. The journey takes about six hours from here. 13. To get to my house, you take the bus and get off at Wood Green. 14. He keeps the key in that box. 15. There's a liter of milk left.
2. Put the words in the questions in the right order
1. Where / you / born / were? 2. Where / you / did / grow up? 3. What / like / did / you / doing / at school? 4. What / like / were / you / as / a young child? 5. When /.decide / you /.did / an actor / to become? 6. How / parents / your / did / react? 7. What / say / when / told / did / you / they / them? 8. How / you / when / old / left/ were / you / home? 9. What / job / first / your / in the company / was? 10. What / of / directors / working / kind / with / you / do / like?
3. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Кто звонил вам вчера после обеда? 2. Что бы вы хотели узнать о нашей фирме? 3. Где находится ваш офис? 4. Сколько стоит ваша последняя модель этого оборудования? 5. Кому вы отправляете факс? 6. Когда и где мы могли бы встретиться и обсудить детали нашей будущей сделки (deal). 7. С кем вы обсуждали вчера вопрос цены и качества продукции этой фирмы? 8. Почему я должен следовать вашему совету? 9. Что было написано в последнем отчете? 10. На что похож его новый проект?
Tag questions
1. Fill in the spaces with the correct tag
1. Your dad does the cooking,…? Yours never does the housework,…? 2. There's not much we can do about it,…? 3. It's a beautiful day,…? Yes. Let's go for a walk,…? 4. You've got a bicycle,…? Yes. You no longer have yours,…? 5. You weren't cheating in the test,…? No, I'd never cheat,…? 6. You don't know his secret,…? 7. You could take up tennis,…? 8. You'd rather carry on with volleyball,…? 9. She lost her temper,…? 10. Yes, but she shouldn't have,…?
2. Complete the sentences using an appropriate tag and any other necessary words
Example: You enjoyed the film.
You say: 'That film was great, wasn't it?'
1. Your friend has just read a book which you like, too.
You say: 'It's a ……………….?'
2. You look at your watch. It's early.
You say: 'We've got………………..?'
3. You're thirsty. You like tea.
You say: 'Let's have…………?'
4. You want to make sure your name is on the list.
You say: 'I'm………………………………………?'
5. You want to go out for a walk
You say: 'Let's…………………?'
6. You want to check if the train leaves from platform 2.
You ask: 'The train…………………………………….?'
7. You can't reach the salt.
Ask someone to pass it to you: 'Pass …………………?'
8. Your little sister has got cake crumbs on her sweater.
You say: 'You've been………………………………….?'
9. You're worried about your friend going climbing.
Tell your friend: 'Take care,………………………?'
10. You want to check that you are leaving tomorrow morning, as agreed.
You ask: We’re…………………………………….?
3. Choose the best sentence in each context
1. Why did you forget your keys! You are silly!
a) I didn't tell you to forget them, did I?
b) I told you not to forget them, didn't I?
2. Ugh! I can't believe it! I'm sure they must taste horrible!
a) You like eating snails, don't you?
b) You don't like eating snails, do you?
3. If we go to Italy, we might have problems with the language.
a) You speak Italian, don't you?
b) You don't speak Italian, do you?
4. I told you to keep the party a secret. It's supposed to be a surprise for Stella. So, I just want to make sure.
a) You didn't tell her, did you?
b) You told her, didn't you?
5. Well, Mr. Robinson, I think it's time you told the police the truth. You see we've found your fingerprints on the murder weapon.
a) You didn't murder Lord Chumley, did you?
b) You murdered Lord Chumley, didn’t you?
6. Only two minutes to the end of the match and United are still 5-1 in the lead. It looks certain now.
a) United aren't going to win, are they?
b) United are going to win, aren't they?
7. I haven't see Ann for ages. She's working abroad I think.
a) She's got a job in France, hasn't she?
b) She hasn't got a job in France, has she?
8. I just can't answer this question. It would be nice to have some help.
a) You could help me, couldn't you?
b) You couldn't help me, could you?
4. Translate from Russian into English
1. Он хорошо разбирается в цифрах, не так ли? 2. Мистер Эванс сейчас говорит по телефону, не так ли? 3. Они прислали это письмо позавчера, не правда ли? 4. Ни твои ни мои родители не могут одолжить нам такой суммы денег, не так ли? 5. Их новая мебель, которую они стали производить в прошлом месяце, лучше прежней, не правда ли? 6. У нас сегодня очень важная встреча с поставщиками, не так ли? 7. Вы напишете это письмо, не правда ли? 8. Ты только, что закончил работу, не так ли? 9. Я надеюсь ваш отдел уже разработал новый каталог, не так ли? 10. Мы ничего не можем с этим поделать, не правда ли?
Expressing agreement with so and neither
1. Match a statement (1-10) with an appropriate short answer (a-j)
| 1. They’ve got a lovely house in the country. 2. I like going to the theatre. 3. I don't really enjoy thrillers. 4. I've never seen such a huge car before. 5. Mike didn't do his homework. 6. I paid to get into the theatre. 7. They can't speak French. 8. You shouldn't lose your temper. 9. I'd love to be in Hawaii now. 10. You should save some money if you want to go to India with them. | a So did I. b Neither should you. c Neither can she. d So should you. e So do I f So have we. g Neither do I. h Neither have I. i So would I. j Neither did Tony |
2. Translate from Russian into English
1. -Я не хочу больше работать с этим человеком. - И я тоже. 2. – У меня есть последний каталог с продукцией этой компании. – У меня тоже. 3. – Джон еще не приехал. – И Мэри тоже. 4. – Стив не пришел вчера на работу. – Майкл тоже. 5. – Чем ты сейчас занимаешься? – Читаю интересную книгу. – Ты знаешь, я тоже. 6. – Они не прошли тест. – Мы тоже. 7. – Я бы не хотел иметь проблемы на работе. – Я тоже. 8. У нее нет денег и у меня тоже. 9. - Мы бы хотели получить ясный ответ на этот вопрос. – И мы тоже. 10. – Я еще не сделал перевод. – Он тоже.
Revision exercises
Sample texts
1. Open the brackets using the correct grammar tense of the verb
One summer morning Meeks (come) … from the West to New York to find his sister. She (be) … Mrs. Mary Snyder, a widow, aged 52, who (live) … for a year in a tenement house in a crowded district.
At her address somebody (tell) … him that Mary (move) … away longer than a month before. No one (can/tell) … him her new address.
On coming out of the house Mr. Meeks (address) … a policeman who (stand) … on the corner, and (explain) … his difficulty to him. “I (recently/make) … a lot of money and I’d like to help Mary as soon as possible,” – he (add). The policeman (pull) … his moustache and (tell) … Meeks about Juggins. He (say) … that Juggins (be) … the leader of a new school of detectives. “Juggins (solve) … some very difficult cases. I (take) … you to him,” – the policeman said.
“If I (find) … your sister, you (pay) … me two hundred dollars. I (try) … to solve your case. The disappearance of people in the city is the most interesting problem I (ever, work at) …,” – (say) … the famous detective, (rise) … and (put on) … his hat.
In fifteen minutes Juggins (return) … holding a little piece of paper with Mary’s address. After Meeks (pay) … his bill, he (ask) … the detective to explain what he (do)….
2. Open the brackets using the correct grammar tense of the verb
I (feel) … rather poor lately, so this morning at nine I (go) … to the doctor. I (find) … him alone in his waiting-room, where he (stand) … by the window.
“Where (be) … your patients? You (cure) … them all?” – I (ask) …
“The reason why my people (not, crowd) … into this room now is that on Wednesday I (not, begin) … consultations here until half past ten. Such (be) … my habit for the last twenty-five years.”
“I’m sorry I (come) … too early,” – I (say) …, “I (go away) … and (come back) … later.”
“Oh, no. I (prefer) … early patients to late ones. In the course of my practice I (notice) … the late-comers (visit) … the doctor because they (need) … some sympathy. They are like a dog that once (come) … here with a sore paw; I (bandage) … it for him and while I (do) … this he (look at) … me with great lonely eyes. He (come back) … the next day and every day until his paw (become) … well. I (find out) … that his master (go away) …. The dog is old now but he still (come) …
3. Open the brackets using the correct grammar tense of the verb
Mrs. Hay (drive) … along a small country road when she (see) … a man at the side of the road. He (wave) … and pointing at his car. Mrs. Hay (stop) … and (ask) … the man if he was all right. “My car’s broken down,”- said the man. “Where do you want (go) …?” – asked Mrs. Hay. “London,” – replied the man. “Well I (not go) … to London, but I (give) … you a lift to the station, if you like.”
On the way to the station they chatted. “…you … (work) in London?” – asked Mrs. Hay. “No, I don’t. I (run) … my own business in Oxford. But today I (have) … lunch with a friend in London – we always (have) … lunch together on Fridays. I promised (meet) … her at one o’clock.” “There’s a train at 11.30. I don’t think you (be) … late for your appointment.”
When they arrived at the station, a train (stand) … at the platform. “That’s your train,”- said Mrs. Hay. – “You (catch) … it if you’re quick.” After the man (get out) … of the car, Mrs. Hay (drive away) … A few minutes later she realized that she (make) … a mistake: it was the wrong train. She went back to the station, but the train wasn’t there: it … already … (leave)!
She went into the station and asked at the information desk where the train was going. “Edinburgh,” – the information clerk (tell) … her. “It’s the express service,” – the clerk (tell) …her. “It doesn’t stop until it gets to Edinburgh.”
Translation practice
1. Translate the following text paying special attention to the articles and pronouns
Вчера я получил письмо от моего друга. Он студент и живет в городе Санкт-Петербурге. Он учится в Санкт-Петербургском университете. Он изучает экономику. В прошлом году мы вместе провели каникулы на Черном море. Там мы хорошо отдохнули. Мы купались и загорали два или три часа в день.
В этом году мой друг провел каникулы в деревне. Он пишет: “ Здесь есть лес и речка. Я собираюсь остаться здесь до сентября. Я вернусь в Санкт-Петербург в конце августа или начале сентября.”
Я напишу ему сегодня, если не буду очень занят вечером. Я собираюсь написать о том, как я провел отпуск и о моей работе в компании.
2. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the prepositions and modal verbs
1. Мой друг сказал, что его отец ушел на пенсию в 65 лет. 2. Интересно, в каком отеле остановился наш клиент? – Я могу позвонить ему и выяснить. 3. Твоя мама все еще в больнице? 4. Собрание начнется в половине четвертого или пятого? 5. У меня есть три билета на новый фильм, но моя дочь не может пойти. Хочешь пойти с нами? 6. На моем столе вы можете найти необходимую информацию для отчета. Он должен быть готов через два дня. 7. Нам не нужно идти в столовую. Ланч принесут к нам в офис. 8. Поезд должен был прибыть в 6 часов пополудни. 9. Могу я позвонить по вашему телефону? 10. Если вы не знаете значение слова, вы должны найти его в словаре. 11. Вы можете делать все, что вам угодно в свободное время, но в рабочие часы (office hours) вы обязаны быть на рабочем месте.
3. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the adjectives
1. Чем крупнее становится компания, тем труднее ею управлять. 2. Первая задача легче, чем вторая. 3. Чем больше общество производит, тем оно богаче. 4. Сегодня у меня много работы, поэтому меньше времени на отдых. 5. Перемены меньше всего ощущаются в политике. 6. В наши дни люди все больше и больше пользуются бытовой техникой. 7. Управляющие сегодня более молодые и ближе по возрасту к рабочим, которыми они управляют. 8. Эта война была самой кровавой (blood) в истории человечества (mankind). 9. Чем выше доход человека, тем больше налог, который он платит. 10. Объем продаж в этом году самый высокий за всю историю компании. 11. Это самая красивая модель одежды, созданная этим дизайнером. Она была раскуплена за самый короткий период времени.
4. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the grammar tenses
1. Что вы здесь делаете? – Я жду своего босса. Он сказал, что придет сюда в семь. 2. Вы переводите эти статьи? – Сейчас я их просматриваю, но я собираюсь перевести некоторые из них. Я очень внимательно их прочитал, и они мне понравились. 3. Сколько машин выпустил ваш завод с начала года? 4. Он очень талантливый менеджер, но я давно не видел его в офисе. С ним что-нибудь случилось? – Нет, я слышал, что он сейчас в командировке за границей. 5. Сколько времени вы находитесь здесь? – Я здесь с июня и собираюсь пробыть здесь до сентября. 6. Вам удалось вчера поговорить с м-ром Джонсоном? – Нет , я видел его в офисе, но он разговаривал с одни из наших клиентов, а позже я сам был занят. 7. Все эти модели были разработаны молодым дизайнером до того, как он начал работать в нашей компании. 8. Я только, что услышал хорошую новость. На будущей неделе компания начнет сезонную распродажу. 9. Как вам удалось получить место в этой организации? – Я отправил резюме (resume) в несколько компаний и получил ответ из одной из них. Мне просто повезло.
5. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the voice of the predicate
1. Каждый год в нашем городе строится все больше и больше домов. 2. Этот вопрос будет снова обсуждаться, как только они вернутся из поездки. 3. Это письмо надо отправить немедленно. Если вы не сделаете этого сегодня, они его не получат завтра. 4. Я не люблю, когда надо мной смеются. 5. Что было сказано на собрании по этому вопросу? 6. Мне рассказали очень интересный случай из его жизни. 7. Меня приглашают поехать летом на стажировку (training). 8. Меня спросили, когда начнется собрание. 9. Его пригласят в качестве консультанта в следующем году. 10. Вам велели отправить этот заказ срочно? 11. Новостей ожидали каждую минуту. 12. О последней модели оборудования этой компании много говорят.
6. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the reported speech
1. Мне сказали, что завтра они уезжают в свой родной город. Пойдем, попрощаемся с ними, хорошо? 2. Он спросил нас, хорошо ли мы доехали и сказал, что счастлив видеть нас снова. 3. Джейн спросила нас, почему мы торопимся уйти домой. 4. Менеджер сказал, что собрание состоится на следующей неделе. 5. Клиент спросил у продавца, сколько времени он будет ждать товар. 6. Наш босс обычно говорит, что если мы хотим получать больше, то мы должны работать лучше. 7. Директор попросил бухгалтера подготовить финансовый отчет на следующей неделе. 8. Управляющий объяснил, что выпуск этой модели был прекращен в прошлом году. 9. Молодой человек спросил, может ли он войти. 10. Новый секретарь поинтересовался, где находится офис директора.
7. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the conditionals.
1. Я бы поговорил с ним об этом, если бы был знаком с ним. 2. Даже если бы менеджер не высказал своего мнения об этом плане, мы бы тоже выступили против. 3. Если бы контракт не содержал этих пунктов, мы бы подписали его на прошлой неделе. 4. Жаль, что я не мог встретить вас в аэропорту. 5. Вы не з