Read the exercise paying attention to the differences in the articulation of the monophthongs and diphthongs.
| men – mane pen – pain wet – wait sell – sail pepper – paper pot – point spot – spoilt John – join toss – toys olive – oil | tack – take sat- saint cat – Kate fat – fate plan – plain | hat – height fat – fight sad – side man – mine dad – died | pin – pine film – fine myth – mine fifth – five tip – type |
| not – no god – go hot – home stock – stone rock – robe | love – low done – dole son – snow London – lonely front – froze | burn – bone turn – tone learn – alone curly – cozy work – woke |
Read the exercise paying attention to the articulation of the voiced and voiceless consonants.
| fetch – chest catch – chat latch – chart such – chuckle | gesture just job jaw join | edge badge large lodge George | Fetch the bag. Catch the dog. Reach the park. Call John. Find Julian. Teach Jane. |
Practise reading the sentences paying attention to the intonation in different question types.
a/ Is this Nick’s coat?
Whose coat is this?
This is Nick’s coat, isn’t it?
Is this Nick’s or Mark’s coat?
b/ Are those Mary’s gloves?
Whose gloves are those?
Those are Mary’s gloves, aren’t they?
Are those Mary’s gloves or mittens?
c/ Is that Arthur’s girlfriend?
Who is that?
That is Arthur’s girlfriend, isn’t it?
Is this girl or is that girl Arthur’s girlfriend?
Put different questions to the sentences below. Practise reading them with proper intonation.
This is Maggie’s house.
These are Janet’s children.
That is George’s Volvo.
This is a Chinese vase.
That is Richard’s letter.
This is orange juice.
Those are Michael’s trainers.
That is Mr. Greggson’s case.
Listen to the dialogue. Practise reading them with a partner. Make sure you imitate the intonation on the tape correctly.
: D’you ↘know ̷Polly?
: ̷Polly? ╲What Polly?
: ↘Polly ╲Smith,| a ╲model.
: ╲No. ↘Is she a ̷good model?
: ╲Look,| ↘this is her port╲folio. || She’s a ╲perfect model.
: Oh ╲yes||. These ↘photos are ˈperfect in╲deed. || ↘Let’s ╲meet her.
: It’s a ↘pity ˈPolly ╲isn’t in the city.
: ̷Isn’t she?
: ↘Polly is in ╲Italy. || She’ll be ↘back ˈ next ╲Thursday.
Listen to the dialogue, mark the intonation. Practise reading the dialogue with a partner.
: Have you ever met victor Robertson?
: Victor Robertson? Who’s he?
: He’s an architect from Scotland.
: I’ve never met Victor. Is he a good architect?
: He’s an excellent architect, believe me. Have a look at his blueprints.
: Marvellous! Simply marvellous! Can we meet Victor Robertson?
: It’s a pity victor isn’t in the city. He’s in Finland now.
: When will he be back?
: Pretty soon I guess. In fact, I’ve asked him to come to the conference on Tuesday next week.
: Excellent. So we’ll seeing Victor on Tuesday.
PHONETIC RULES
1. We must watch for the positional length of the vowel […]. It is the longest in the final position, it is shorter before a voiced consonant, it is the shortest before a voiceless consonant.
e.g. [gou] – [goul] – [gout]
2. we must watch for the aspiration of the voiceless consonants [p, t, k ]. They are most strongly aspirated before stressed vowels esp. long monophthongs and diphthongs; they are less aspirated in the final position and before an unstressed vowel; they lose their aspiration after [s].
e.g. [pi:] – [pit] – [nip] – [spit]
3. We must watch for the lateral plosion in the word / in the phrase ______. The plosion of the consonant […] becomes lateral under the influence of the sonorous consonant [l].
e.g. [ ‘setl], [ faind lu:k]
4. We must watch for the nasal plosion in the word / in the phrase _______. The Plosion of the consonant […] becomes nasal under the influence of the nasal sonorants [n], [m].
e.g. [ ‘kitn], [ lend mi]
5. We must watch for the loss of plosion in the word / in the phrase________. The consonant […] loses its plosion under the influence of the following plosive consonant […].
e.g. [ mi:t tim]
6. We must watch for assimilation in the word/phrase _______. The alveolar consonant […] becomes dental under the influence of the interdental […]. The consonant […] becomes rounded under the influence of the following sonorant [w]. The sonorant […] becomes partly devoiced under the influence of the voiceless consonant […].
e.g. [ri:d ðә buk], [swift]
7. We must watch for reduction in the word ________. This word is used in its weak (reduced) form; its strong form is _______. It’s a case of qualitative/ quantitative/ zero reduction.
The parts of speech that are normally reduced (form-words) are as follows: articles, particles, prepositions, conjunctions, modal and auxiliary verbs, personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns.
The parts of speech that are never reduced (notional words) are as follows: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, interrogative pronouns.
e.g. [hi:] – [hi ] – [hi] – [h], [ ‘iznt]
8. We must watch for the absence of the glottal stop in the word _______ where the vowel occurs in the initial position.
e.g. [ ‘i:zi]
9. We must watch for the absence of palatalization of the consonant [..] before the front vowel […].
e.g. [pen], [bi ‘li:v]
10. We must watch for the linking [r] in the phrase ________.
e.g. [nevәr ә gein]