Dialogue: Transmission Mechanism

Предтекстовые упражнения

The exercises to be done before reading the text

Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и выучите их русские эквиваленты.

unit - узел, блок, агрегат gear — шестерня

power transmission - силовая

gearbox- коробка передач

передача tractive effort — тяговое усилие

running gear — ходовая часть

driving wheels — ведущие колеса

steering system — система рулевого управления

shaft — вал

car springs — рессоры автомобиля

flywheel— маховик rear axle — задний мост

clutch — сцепление final drive — главная передача

friction device — фрикционное устройство

axle shafts - полуоси

crankshaft— коленчатый вал

brakes - тормоза

Упражнение 2. Переведите слова на русский язык, обращая внимание на суффиксы.

to transmit - transmission; to connect — connection;

to found — foundation; to move — movement.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык интернациональные слова.

Transmission, system, mechanism, radiator, friction, automobile, cardan, portion, final, accelerator, pedal, position.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя приведенные в упражнении 1 слова.

1. The chassis includes the running gear, the power transmission and the steering mechanism.

2.The power transmission consists of the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.

3.The clutch connects the engine with the driving wheels.

4.The gearbox changes the speed of the car movement.

5.The steering mechanism changes the direction of the car.

*Прочтите и переведите текст, а затем выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

TEXT

Chassis

The main units of the chassis are: the power transmission, the running gear and the steering mechanism. The power transmission includes the whole mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. This entire mechanism consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller (cardan) shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.

At the front end of the car is the engine. On the back of it is the flywheel. Behind the flywheel is the clutch. The clutch is a friction device connecting the engine with the gears of the gearbox. The main function of the gearbox is to change the speed of the car.

The power is always transmitted by the cardan shaft to the live back axle. The final drive reduces the high speed of the engine to the low speed of the driving wheels. The differential enables the driving wheels to turn at different speeds which is necessary when turning the car. The foundation of the automobile is the frame to which different chassis units are attached.

The rear axle is capable of moving up and down about the frame. The rear axle is an important part of the transmission. It carries the greater portion of the weight of the car.

The steering mechanism is designed for changing the direction of the car.

The brakes are used for stopping the car, for decreasing its speed and for holding the car position.

Послетекстовые упражнения

The exercises to be done after reading the text

Упражнение 5. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы.

1.What main units does the chassis consist of?

2.Where is the engine located?

3.Where is the flywheel fixed?

4.Where is the clutch placed?

5.What is the gearbox designed for?

6.By what shaft is the power transmitted to the back axle?

7.What does the rear axle do?

8.. What is the function of the differential?

9. What purpose is the steering system designed for?

10. What is the function of the brakes?

Упражнение 6*. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на Complex Subject.

1.Transmission, running gear and steering mechanismare knownto be the main units of the chassis.

2.The clutchis known to connect the engine with the driving wheels of the car.

3.The gearbox isknown to change the speed of the car.

4.The steering mechanism isknown to change the direction of the car.

5.Brakesare considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of the car.

Упражнение 7. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения (при выполнении задания вы можете обращаться к тексту).

1.Основными узлами шасси являются: трансмиссия, ходовая часть и рулевой механизм.

2.Радиатор расположен в передней части автомобиля.

3.Маховик крепится на задней части двигателя.

4.Сцепление соединяет двигатель с коробкой передач.

5.Коробка передач предназначена для изменения скорости движения автомобиля.

6.Усилие передается карданным валом.

7.Главная передача снижает высокие обороты двигателя до невысоких оборотов ведущих колес.

8.Дифференциал позволяет ведущим колесам вращаться с разной скоростью при повороте автомобиля.

9.Рулевой механизм предназначен для изменения направления движения автомобиля.

10.Тормоза используются для остановки или снижения скорости автомобиля.

Упражнение 8. Подберите из правой колонки соответствующее описание узла или механизма автомобиля, названия, которых представлены в левой колонке.

1.differential

2.steering wheel

3.clutch

4.rear axle

5.steering system

6.speedometer

7.brakes

8.gearbox

9.cardan shaft

a).mechanism used to increase the speed of the car

b).wheel used to turn the direction of the car

c).mechanism used to transmit power to the back axle

d).instrument used to measure the speed of the car

e).mechanism that slows or stops the car

f).mechanism used to guide the car

g).mechanism used to engage or disengage the engine with gearbox

h).mechanism used to carry the greater portion of the car weight

e).mechanism used to turn the wheels at different speeds

Упражнение 9. Прочтите диалог и разыграйте его в парах.

DIALOGUE

Transmission Mechanism

Teacher: Let's speak about the transmission mechanism. What main units does the transmission include?

Student:The transmission is the entire mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. It includes the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential.

T.:What does the clutch connect?

S.:The clutch connects the engine with the gearbox.

T.:And what does the gearbox do?

S.:The gearbox changes the speed of the car.

T.:What does the differential enable?

S.:The differential enables the driving wheels to move at different speeds when turning the car.

T.: For what purpose is the steering system used?

S.: The steering system is used for changing the direction of the

car movement.

T.: And what is the function of the brakes?

S.: Brakes are used to slow or stop the car.

T.: That's right. You know the subject very well.

Упражнение 10. Переведите текст на русский язык, пользуясь словарем.

Basic Troubles of Transmission Mechanism

The transmission of the engine torque to the driving wheels of the mitomobile must be smooth. There should be no vibration in the op- c rat ion of transmission mechanism within the range of travelling speeds.

The indications of malfunctions in the transmission mechanism components are as follows:

1.incomplete disengagement of the clutch;

2.difficult engagement or self-demeshing of gears;

3.run out and vibration of the cardan-drive shaft.

What to do in these cases:

1.Check the free travel of the clutch pedal and adjust it.

2.Check the oil level in the gearbox housing and wash breather channel.

3.Check to see that all the fastening bolts are securely tightened and that the trunnion crosses fit properly the bearings, and the bearings, in turn, the universal-joint forks.

СЛОВАРЬ УРОКА

1.unjust - регулировать

2.attach - прикреплять

3.be capable - быть способным 4.breather channel - канал сапуна 5.check - проверка

6.decrease the speed — снижать скорость

7.driven wheels — ведомые колеса

8.driving wheels - ведущие колеса

9.engine crankshaft — коленчатый вал двигателя

10. fastening bolts — крепежные болты

11.fit properly - подгонять должным образом

12.flywheel — маховик

13.frame - рама