Причастие II (Past Participle)

Причастие II у правильных глаголов образуется при помощи суффикса

-ed, который прибавляется к основе глагола: asked - спрошенный, translated - переведенный, washed - вымытый, у неправильных глаголов – по таблице.

В функции определения Participle II отвечает на вопрос what? и переводится на русский язык причастием страдательного залога совершенного и несовершенного вида с окончанием на –мый, -нный, -тый,

-вшийся, -щийся.

discussed – обсуждаемый, обсуждающийся, обсуждённый, обсуждавшийся.

The book discussed by our students is very interesting. – Книга, обсуждаемая нашими студентами, очень интересная.

The books written by Simonov are translated into many languages. – Книги, написанные Симоновым, переведены на многие языки.

The broken glass was beautiful. – Разбитый стакан был красивым.

В функции обстоятельства перед Participle II иногда могут стоять союзы when, if, unless (когда, если, до тех пор). В этих случаях Participle II переводится на русский язык чаще всего безличным обстоятельственным придаточным предложением.

When asked to help he agreed at once. – Когда его попросили помочь, он тотчас же согласился.

Причастие II входит в состав сказуемого. I was asked a guestion.

Упражнение 1. Обратите внимание на образование причастий

a) listen – listening

speak – speaking

read – reading

b) sit – sitting

run – running

begin – beginning

c) write – writing

come – coming

give – giving

d) see – seeing

do – doing

fly – flying

e) lie – lying

tie – tying (завязывать)

die – dying

Упражнение 2. Образуйте причастия I от следующих глаголов

a) develop control build govern offer work gron

b) get cut dig put run sit win

c) manage manufacture rise produce include provide come

d) play go buy pay lay fly

e) die lie tie

Упражнение 3. Переведите словосочетания, содержащие причастие в функции определения

A smiling girl, a writing boy, a laughing baby, playing children, a falling tree, a sleeping man, people waiting for you, a walking couple, a developing country, an increasing proportion, reading audience, a trading nation, a flying bird, a dancing child.

Упражнение 4. Переведите слова, стоящие в скобках на русский язык

A (спящий) child. A (работающая) woman. The (растущий) child. The (открывающиеся) gate. The man (смотрящий) at me. Workers, (начинающие) their work. The boy, (ловящий) birds. The animal, (пьющие) water. The bridge, (соединяющий) the two sides of the river.

Упражнение 5. Прочтите предложения, определите функцию причастия. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The dean of our faculty is speaking to the students. 2. He is coming in ten days. 3. I came up to the students discussing their time-table. 4. Applying fertilizers, farmers increase crop yields. 5. Do you know the man speaking to the children? 6. They are discussing an important problem now. 7. Belarus is developing its economic contacts.

Упражнение 6. Образуйте причастие II от следующих глаголов.

a) to hope, to stop, to produce, to listen, to open, to study, to concentrate, to determine, to start, to develop, to play

b) to be, to have, to do, to get, to come, to meet, to know, to make, to cut, to go, to see, to buy, to begin, to choose, to say, to sell

Упражнение 7. Сравните перевод причастия I и II

taking – берущий building – строящий studying – изучающий using – использующий

taken – взятый built – построенный studied – изученный used – использованный

Упражнение 8. Переведите словосочетания, содержащие причастие II

a) a broken cup, an unanswered letter, an opened window, a closed door, a written exercise, a developed country , a mixed economy, a discussed problem, produced goods, satisfied needs, privately owned firms, a translated text, widely used irrigation

b) Knowledge acquired by the students, the questions put to the teacher, the subjects studied by the first-year students, economic system based on private ownership, specialists trained at our university, the house built in our street

Упражнение 9. Определите функцию причастия II; предложения переведите

1. The main subject studied at our university is economics. 2. Here is a latter addressed to you. 3. The machines made at our plant are exported to several countries. 4. If invited, he will come. 5. We have used the book taken from the library. 6. The contract signed last year was soon broken. 7. Have you answered all the questions asked? 8. She was always well dressed. 9. He has travelled a lot. 10. When asked, he always helped me. 11. My sweater is made in England. 12. You have made a mistake. 13. Used economically, these food supplies could last for a month.

Упражнение 10. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастие I и причастие II

1. A letter sent from Minsk will be in Moscow tomorrow. 2. In the post-office he saw some people sending telegrams. 3. Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important. 4. The girl putting the book on the shelf is a new teacher. 5. A person taking a sunbath must be very careful. 6. The word said by the student was not correct. 7. Standing at the window, she was waving her hand. 8. A word spoken in time may have very important results.