Тема 9. Фондовый рынок и его субъекты

Stock – акционерный капитал; основной капитал; фонды.

Stocks амер.(shares of firms) – акции.

235. Financial assets (финансовые активы) –pieces of paper entitling the owner to a specified interest payment for a specified period; firms and governments raise money by selling financial assets.

236. Securities (ценные бумаги) - stocks and bonds that can be bought and sold.

237. Bond (облигация) – long-term financial asset; the certificate acknowledging a debt and the amount of interest to be paid each year until repayment.

238. Share (акция) - a security that is a title of ownership for part of a corporation's property.

239. Industrial shares (equities,pl.) (обыкновенные акции) – entitlements to receive corporate dividends.

240. Shareholder (акционер) – the owner of one or several common stocks.

241. Securities market (рынок ценных бумаг) – people and organizations that buy stocks and bonds and the securities intermediaries who bring buyers and sellers together.

242. Primary market (первичный рынок) – a market in which an investor purchases financial securities (via an investment bank or other representative) directly from the issuer of those securities.

243. Secondary market (вторичный рынок) – a market for existing financial securities that are currently traded between investors.

244. Stock exchange (фондовая биржа) - the marketplace for dealing in freely transferable stocks, shares, and securities of all types - government and others.

245. Investor (инвестор)- traditionally someone who buys securities with the expectation of getting an income or profit over several years.

246. Broker (брокер) - an individual licensed to buy and sell securities for customers in the secondary market; may also provide other financial services.

247. Stockbroker (фондовый брокер) - an individual who buys or sells securities for clients.

248. Investment banker (инвестиционный банкир) - any financial institution engaged in purchasing and reselling new stocks and bonds.

249. Investment banking firm (инвестиционная банковская фирма) - an organization that assists corporations in raising funds, usually by helping sell new security issues.

250. «Bull market» («рынок быков») - a stock market in which prices are rising and there is much optimism among speculators.

251. «Bear market» («рынок медведей») - a stock market in which prices are falling and there is much pessimism among speculators.

252. Bull («бык») - an investor who expects prices to go up.

253. Bear («медведь») - an investor who expects prices to go down.

254. Institutional investors (институциональные инвесторы) - organizations whose investments for themselves and their clients are so large that they can influence prices on securities markets.

255. No-load fund (фонд без обременения) – a mutual fund in which investors are not charged a sales commission when they buy into or sell out of the fund.

256. Load fund (фонд с обременением) – a mutual fund in which investors are charged a sales commission when they buy into or sell out of the fund.

257. Market value (рыночная цена) - the price of one share of a stock at a particular time.

258. Capital gain (прибыль) - an increase in the market value of an asset.

259. Dividend (дивиденд) - a distribution of earnings to the stockholders of a corporation; the part of firms profits paid out to shareholders rather than retained to finance new investment in machinery and buildings.

260. Stock dividend (дивиденд, выплачиваемый акциями) - a dividend in the form of additional stock.

261. Cash dividend (денежный дивиденд) – a cash payment to shareholders.

262. Eurobonds (еврооблигации)- bonds sold in a country other than the one in whose currency they are denominated.

263. Bills (векселя)– financial assets with less then one year until the known date at which they will be repurchased by the original borrower.

264. Treasury bills (казначейские векселя) – government obligations with maturities of 91 days, 182 days, or occasionally 365 days.

265. Treasury notes (казначейские обязательства) – government obligations with original maturities of one to seven years.

266. Treasury bonds (государственные облигации) – government obligations with original maturities of over seven years.

267. Maturity date (срок платежа по ценной бумаге) – the dateon or before which a company must pay off the principal of a particular bond issue.

268. Par value (номинальная стоимость) – theface value of a bond; the amount to be repaid when the bond is due.

269. Yield (доходность) – the rate of return on a bond; the annual interest payment divided by the bond's price.

270. Current yield (текущая доходность) – a bond's annual dollar coupon amount dividend by the current market price.

271. Default (дефолт, невозможность отвечать по платежным обязательствам) – failure to make scheduled payments of interest or principal on a bond.

РАЗДЕЛ 2. ВВЕДЕНИЕ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНУЮ ЭКОНОМИКУ