A p p e n d i x

Irregular Verbs

Infinitive	Past Simple	Past Participle	Translation
awake	awoke	awaken	прокидатися, будити
be	was/were	been	бути
bear	bore	born, borne	народжуватися, носити
become	became	become	ставати
begin	began	begun	починати(ся)
bend	bent	bent	згинатися
blow	blew	blown	дути
break	broke	broken	ламати(ся)
bring	brought	brought	приносити
build	built	built	будувати
burn	burnt, burned	burnt, burned	палити
buy	bought	bought	купувати
catch	caught	caught	ловити
choose	chose	chosen	вибирати
come	came	come	приходити
cost	cost	cost	коштувати
cut	cut	cut	різати
deal	dealt	dealt	мати справу
do	did	done	робити
draw	drew	drawn	малювати, тягнути
drink	drank	drunk	пити
drive	drove	driven	їхати, приводити у дію
eat	ate	eaten	їсти
fall	fell	fallen	падати
feed	fed	fed	годувати
feel	felt	felt	почувати(ся), відчувати
fight	fought	fought	боротися
find	found	found	знаходити
fly	flew	flown	літати
forget	forgot	forgotten	забувати
freeze	froze	frozen	замерзати
get	got	got, gotten	отримувати
give	gave	given	давати
go	went	gone	йти, їхати
grow	grew	grown	рости
hang	hung	hung	вішати
have	had	had	мати
hear	heard	heard	чути
hide	hid	hidden, hid	ховати
hold	held	held	тримати
keep	kept	kept	тримати, зберігати
know	knew	known	знати
lay	laid	laid	класти
lead	led	led	вести
leave	left	left	покидати
let	let	let	дозволяти, пускати
lie	lay	lain	лежати
light	lit, lighted	lit, lighted	освітлювати
lose	lost	lost	втрачати, губити
make	made	made	робити
mean	meant	meant	означати
meet	met	met	зустрічати(ся)
pay	paid	paid	платити
put	put	put	класти
read [ri:d]	read [red]	read [red]	читати
ride	rode	ridden	їхати верхи
ring	rang	rung	дзвонити
rise	rose	risen	підійматися
run	ran	run	бігти
say	said	said	говорити, сказати
see	saw	seen	бачити
seek	sought	sought	шукати
sell	sold	sold	продавати
send	sent	sent	відправляти, посилити
set	set	set	встановлювати
shake	shook	shaken	трусити
shine	shone	shone	світити
shoot	shot	shot	стріляти
show	showed	shown	показувати
shut	shut	shut	закривати
sing	sang	sung	співати
sit	sat	sat	сидіти
sleep	slept	slept	спати
speak	spoke	spoken	говорити, розмовляти
spend	spent	spent	витрачати
spread	spread	spread	поширювати(ся)
stand	stood	stood	стояти
steal	stole	stolen	красти
strike	struck	struck	бити, страйкувати
swim	swam	swum	плавати
take	took	taken	брати
teach	taught	taught	викладати
tell	told	told	розповідати
think	thought	thought	думати
throw	threw	thrown	кидати
understand	understood	understood	розуміти
wake	woke	woken	будити, прокидатися
wear	wore	worn	носити
win	won	won	перемагати
write	wrote	written	писати

Фонетичні правила читання голосних

Тип складу	І тип відкритий	ІІ тип закритий	ІІІ тип rпісля голосного	ІV тип rміж голосними
a	[ei] hate	[æ] hat	[a:] hard	[εə ] care
o	[ou] note	[P] not	[O:] nor	[O:] more
u	[ju:] tube	[V], [A] put, cut	[ə:] turn	[juq ] cure
e	[i:] Pete	[e] met	[ə:] her	[iq ] here
i, y	[ai] fine, my	[i] till, gyps	[W] girl, Byrd	[aiq ] fire, tyre

Порядок слів у стверджувальному реченні

Обставина часу, місця	Підмет	Обставина способу дії	Присудок	Додаток	Обставина
In winter	children	often	play	snowballs	in the school yards.
	He	usually	does	his homework	in time.

Стверджувальне реченняThe shops close / don’t close at 7 tonight. Питальне реченняDo the shops close at 7 tonight? Спонукальне реченняShut the door. / Don’t shut the door. Окличне речення What a slow train this is!

Pronouns

особові	I you he she it we you they me you him her it us you them
присвійні	my your his her its our your their mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
зворотні та підсилювальні	myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
взаємні	each other, one another
вказівні	this (these), that (those), such, the same
питальні	who, whom, whose, what, which
відносні та з’єднувальні	who, whom, whose, what, which, that
невизначені	some, any, one, all, each, every, other, another, both, many, much, few, little, either, no, none, neither

Active Voice

	Indefinite	Continuous be + V-ing	Perfect have + V-ed (3ф)	Perfect Continuous have been + V-ing
Present	V(s) I write a letter. She writes a letter.	I am writing a letter now.	I have just written a letter.	I have been writing a letter for an hour.
Past	V-ed (2ф) I wrote a letter an hour ago. I worked hard.	I was writing a letter when you called me.	I said that I had already written a letter.	I had been writing a letter when you came.
Future	will + V I will write a letter next week.	I will be writing a letter at 5.	I will have written a letter by 5.	I will have been writing a letter for an hour tomorrow.