Определите функцию инфинитива в предложении, переведите пред-ложения на русский язык

1. When man first began to seek petroleum, the easiest way to find it was to look for evidence of oil seeps on the earth’s surface. 2. The search for oil begins with geologists and geophysicists using their knowledge of the earth to locate geographic areas that are likely to contain reservoir rock. 3. The information gained from these is used to construct “maps” of the earth’s substructure.

14. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола «to be».

Запомните: глагол «to be» может быть:

1) смысловым глаголом со значениями «быть», «являться», «находиться»;

2) эквивалентом модального глагола «must» (to be to + инфинитив) со значением «должен» (по договоренности или плану);

3) глаголом-связкой (to be to + инфинитив) со значением «заключаться в том, чтобы», «состоять в том, чтобы», в том случае, если подлежащее выражено существительным типа «task», «question», «problem», «duty», «aim»;

4) вспомогательным глаголом, служащим для образования:

а) времен группы Continuous (to be + Participle I);

б) страдательного залога (to be + Participle II).

1. Most substances are complex in composition. 2. The conference is to open in a few days. 3. The aim of the conference is to discuss the problem of new energy sources. 4. He is making progress in mathematics. 5. The task of higher school is to educate highly-qualified specialists. 6. Coal, oil and natural gas are used as fuel.
7. Every worker is to know safety rules. 8. Gypsum is formed through sedimentation of mineral substances dissolved in water. 9. Thus, gypsum is a chemical sediment. 10. Now the students of our group are studying physical geology which deals with the chemical composition, crystal form and the origin of minerals. 11. They are in the laboratory now.

15. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола «to have».

Запомните: глагол «to have» может быть:

1) смысловым глаголом со значением «иметь»;

2) эквивалентом модального глагола «must» (to have to + инфинитив) со значением «должен» (в силу определенных обстоятельств), «нужно», «приходится»;

3) вспомогательным глаголом, служащим для образования времен группы Perfect (to have + Participle II).

1. We have many laboratories at our Institute. 2. We shall have a five minutes’ break now. 3. Have you answered all the questions? 4. Our scientists have to solve many complicated problems. 5. The students of our group have already studied petrography dealing with the structure, texture and composition of rocks. 6. She doesn’t have to go to the library. I’ll give her the book she needs. 7. The research workers had made a lot of experiments before they got the necessary results. 8. You will have to try to do it again. 9. I had a lot of work to do last night.

16. Определите, являются ли глаголы «to be» и «to have» смысловым, вспо-могательным глаголом, глаголом-связкой или эквивалентом модаль-ного глагола. Переведите предложения.

1. We shall be waiting for you at the bus-stop at 5 o’clock. 2. At this signal, the operator is to start the machine. 3. The building of the new school will be finished next month. 4. The students were carrying out the experiment for some hours. 5. Our task was to define the speed of the reaction. 6. We are to have a short break at about 2 o’clock. 7. The report which is to be made by this scientist is of great importance for our future work. 8. They have already passed their exams. 9. We did not have to ask the teacher any questions, we could do the work ourselves. 10. After the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams, the lecture began. 11. To remember the new words you have to read them aloud. 12. New gas provinces have been discovered in the northern part of the Tyumen region.

17. Прочтите и переведите текст: