The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (будущее совершенное длительное время)
| + | - | ? | Who…? |
| shall have been+Ving will | shall not+have been+Ving will | shall +___+have been+Ving will | Who will have been+Ving? |
Примеры образования утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных форм:
+ We have been living in Moscow for 5 years.
She had been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came.
By the 1st of June, 2007, he will have been working at the factory for 20 years.
- We have not been living in Moscow for 5 years.
She had not been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came.
By the 1st of June, 2007, he will not have been working at the factory for 20 years.
? 1)общий
Have we been living in Moscow for 5 years?
Ответ: Yes, we have. We have been living in Moscow for 5 years.
Had she been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came?
Ответ: Yes, she had. She had been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came.
Will he have been working at the factory for 20 years by the 1st of June, 2007?
Ответ: Yes, he will. By the 1st of June, 2007, he will have been working at the factory for 20 years.
2)альтернативный
Have we been living in Moscow for 5 or 6 years?
Ответ: We have been living in Moscow for 5 years.
Had she been playing the piano or the violin for 2 hours when I came?
Ответ: She had been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came.
Will he have been working at the factory or at an office for 20 years by the 1st of June, 2007?
Ответ: By the 1st of June, 2007, he will have been working at the factory for 20 years.
3)a)разделительный(+)
We have been living in Moscow for 5 years, haven’t we?
Ответ: Yes, we have. We have been living in Moscow for 5 years.
She had been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came, hadn’t she?
Ответ: Yes, she had. She had been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came.
By the 1st of June, 2007, he will have been working at the factory for 20 years, won’t he?
Ответ: Yes, he will. By the 1st of June, 2007, he will have been working at the factory for 20 years.
b)разделительный (-)
We have not been living in Moscow for 5 years, have we?
Ответ: Yes, we have. We have not been living in Moscow for 5 years.
She had not been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came, had she?
Ответ: Yes, she had. She had not been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came.
By the 1st of June, 2007, he will not have been working at the factory for 20 years, will he?
Ответ: Yes, he will. By the 1st of June, 2007, he will not have been working at the factory for 20 years.
4)a) специальный (for 5 years)
How long have we been living in Moscow?
b) специальный (in Moscow)
Where have we been living for 5 years?
c)специальный (have been living)
What have we been doing in Moscow for 5 years?
d)специальный (when I came)
By what time had she been playing the piano for 2 hours?
e) специальный (for 2 hours)
How long had she been playing the piano when I came?
f)специальный (had been playing the piano)
What had she been doing for 2 hours when I came?
g) специальный (for 20 years)
How long will he have been working at the factory by the 1st of June, 2007?
h) специальный (at the factory)
Where will he have been working for 20 years by the 1st of June, 2007?
i) специальный (will have been working)
What will he have been doing for 20 years by the 1st of June, 2007?
j) специальный (by the 1st of June, 2007)
By what time will he been working at the factory for 20 years?
5)вопрос к подлежащему
Who has been living in Moscow for 5 years?
Who had been playing the piano for 2 hours when I came?
Who will have been working at the factory for 20 years by the 1st of June, 2007?
Употребление Present Perfect-Continuous:
1) Для выражения длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом и ещё совершается в настоящее время. При употреблении этого времени всегда указывается период времени, в течение которого совершается действие. Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык настоящим временем.
Например: I have been waiting for my brother for a long time. – Я жду своего брата уже давно.
Примечание: С глаголами, не употребляющимися во временах группы Continuous вместо Present Perfect Continuous употребляется Present Perfect.
Например: She has been in Moscow for 2 years. – Она находится в Москве уже 2 года.
2) Для выражения длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом и закончилось непосредственно перед моментом речи. Период времени, в течение которого совершалось действие, может быть как указан, так и не указан. В этих случаях Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем.
Например: I feel tired as I have been working in the garden for several hours. – Я чувствую себя усталым, так как я работал в саду несколько часов.
Present Perfect Continuous употребляется с такими обстоятельствами времени, как for an hour –в течение часа, for a month –в течение месяца, for a long time –в течение долгого времени, долго, давно, since yesterday -со вчерашнего дня, since 5 o’clock –с 5 часов, а также в вопросах, начинающихся с how long? –как долго? и since when? -с каких пор?.
Употребление Past Perfect-Continuous:
1) Для выражения длительного прошедшего действия, начавшегося ранее другого прошедшего действия, выраженного в Past Indefinite и ещё происходившего в момент его совершения. Past Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем.
Например: I had been working for a long time when my brother came. – Я долго работал, когда пришёл мой брат.
2)Для выражения длительного прошедшего действия, которое закончилось непосредственно перед моментом наступления другого прошедшего действия. Период времени, в течение которого совершалось действие, может быть как указан, так и не указан.
Например: He felt very tired when he came home as he had been playing football. – Он чувствовал себя очень усталым, когда пришёл домой, так как играл в футбол.
Past Perfect Continuous употребляется с такими же обстоятельствами времени, как и Present Perfect Continuous.
Употребление Future Perfect-Continuous:
1) Для выражения длительного будущего действия, которое начнётся ранее другого будущего действия (или момента) и будет ещё совершаться в момент его совершения. При употреблении этого времени всегда указывается период времени, в течение которого будет совершаться действие. Future Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык будущим временем.
Например: When you return home at 5 o’clock, I shall have been working for 7 hours. – Когда вы вернётесь домой в 5 часов, я буду работать уже 7 часов.
Future Perfect Continuous употребляется с такими же обстоятельствами времени, как и Present Perfect Continuous и Past Perfect Continuous.
Упражнения для закрепления грамматики:
Exercise 1. Ответьте на вопросы, употребляя глаголы во временах группы Perfect Continuous.
1) How long have you been waiting for me? (for a long time)
2) How long had he been working when you came? (for two hours)
3) What shall we have been learning for six months by the end of the year? (English)
4) Who has been teaching English since last year. (my sister)
5) What had your father been doing for two hours till it began raining? (to repair the roof)
6) Why are you tired? (to work for several hours)
7) By what time will my mother have been working as a teacher for twenty-five years. (by next September)