Ex. 29. Put these sentences into reported speech

1. The shop-assistant said to the customer: “The price does not include the cost of packing”.

2. She asked the manager: “How long have you doing business with this company?”

3. The secretary said to me: “I’m trying to contact this enterprise now”.

4. The tax inspector asked: “Do you always reduce the prices at the end of the year?”

5. The sales manager said: “We have already solved the problem”.

6. The secretary said: “We are discussing the prices at the moment”.

7. The reporter asked: “What is your company producing now?”

8. The banker said to the customer: “The recent devaluation of dollar has caused a setback in

business”.

9. The sellers asked the buyers: “When will you come here to discuss our new price-list?”

10. His friend asked me: “What do you know about this company?”

Ex. 30. Translate into Russian. (Conditionals)

1. If incomes are rising, the demand for goods and services will tend to increase.

2. If the consultant had done more careful research, he would identified the gap in the market.

3. If a government cuts taxation, it gains a lot of popular support.

4. If the price of butter fell, the demand for margarine would probably fall.

5. If the market for our product expands, we will have a 20 per cent increase in turnover next

year.

6. If we had installed the equipment we would have become more competitive.

7. If wages rise, unemployment will increase.

8. We would have to reduce out workforce if the bank refused to extend out credit.

9. If the government hadn’t introduced the tax incentive scheme, we would have faced serious

financial difficulties.

10. If the supplier of such a commodity were to raise the price, many buyers would turn to the

close substitutes.

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FINAL QUESTIONAIRE

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1. What is the central problem of economics?

2. What questions must every society provide answers to?

3. What is traditional economy based on?

4. What does planned economy rely upon to provide the answers to the three major

economic questions?

Traditional economy

1. In what way are the answers to most What, How and Who questions decided?

2. Where are usually traditional economy systems found?

3. Where do most of the people in traditional economy live in?

4. What are the main activities of people living in traditional economy?

5. In what way are the goods and services produced in traditional economy?

6. How do most individuals live in traditional economy?

7. What happens to people when the harvest is poor?

8. When does a surplus exist?

9. How is a surplus distributed?

10. Where may the most part of the product go?

11. How are the remains distributed?

Command economy

1. Why is planned economy sometimes called command economy?

2. Who owns factories, land and natural resources in command economy?

3. Who takes all the decisions in planned economy?

4. Is there any private property in command economy?

5. Who allocates raw materials, workers and other factors of production in command ec.?

6. Who decided in the former Soviet Union what was to be produced and in what quantities?

7. Is there a society which is completely a command economy?

8. Who decides in command economy what the nation is to produce?

9. How many years ahead does the state plan in command economy?

10. Is planned economy easy to operate?

11. Should there be work for everybody?

12. Does the state use its control over the economy?

13. What can the state ensure to its population?

14. Are the needs of population met?

15. Does the state produce enough luxury goods for the wealthy?

16. Why there is no incentive to work hard?

17. Who are the profits paid to?

18. Can citizens start their own business?

19. Does the government produce goods which people want to buy?

20. What is the major problem faced by command economy?

21. Does command economy respond fast to changes in people’s tastes and fashion?

22. Can the planners predict changes in demand?

23. What leads to delays and queues for some products?